UR22. URBAN LEISURE, OPEN SPACE, URBAN FORESTRY & RECREATION (A-I)

Adams, L.W & Dove, L.E, 1989, 'Wildlife Reserves and Corridors in the Urban Environment: A Guide to Ecological Landscape Planning and Resource Conservation', National Institute for Urban Wildlife, Columbia.
Adams, Lowell W, 1995, 'Urban Wildlife Habitats. A Landscape Perspective', University of Minnesota Press.

Adams Loxton Partnership Ltd et al, 1995, 'Study of London's green corridors: greening the open land that adjoins the main transport routes into London: summary report', Countryside Commission South East Regional Office, London WC2.

Akbari, H; Davis, S; Dorsano, S; Huang, J & Winnett, S (eds), 1992, 'Cooling our Cities: A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing', EPA Offrice of Policy Analysis, US Superintendent of Documents, Washington DC.

Alcock, David, 2004, 'Commonhold people' (the management of shared spaces), Regeneration & Renewal, 22.10.04, p25

Alexander, David, 2005, 'The environmental importance of front gardens - can planning help?', Town and Country Planning 74 (12), December, pp364-366

Andrews, Sophie, 2001, 'The allotment handbook - a guide to promoting and protecting your site', Eco-logic books, Bristol, tel. (0117) 9420165, October, http://www.eco-logicbooks.com

?Anon, 1999, 'Shopping meets Leisure 2000' (leisure parks and combined leisure and retail parks review), available from tel. (020) 7493 2632, November.
Anon, 2002, 'Urban residential environments and senior citizen's longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces', 56, pp913-918

Arendt, Randall, 1996, 'Conservation Design for Subdivisions: A Practical Guide to Creating Open Space Networks', Island Press, Washington DC.

Ashworth, G.J., 1990, 'Selling the City', Belhaven Press, London & Chichester, Sussex.
Ashworth, GHJ. & Tunbridge, J.E., 1990, The Tourist-Historic City', Belhaven Press, London & Chichester, Sussex.

Audit Commission, London:
'Managing Cemeteries and Crematoria in a Competitive Environment', 1988.
'Competitive Management of Parks and Green Spaces', HMSO, London.

Baggott, Ian & Spray, Adrian, 1999, 'Park of the family' n (value of parks in social and urban regeneration)', The Leisure Manager , March .

Baines, Chris, 1997, 'Trees deserve a special place in the future of towns and cities', Urban Environment Today, 4.9.97, p12.
Baines, Chris, 1998, 'Trees matter: the benefits of trees and woods in towns', National Urban Forestry Unit, Wolverhampton.
Baines, Chris, 2000, 'Greening The Streets of Stress City' (mature trees, health and happiness), (Forum for the Future) Green Futures 22, May/June.
Baines,0 Chris, 2001, 'Sealed over: squeezed dry' (reassessing the role of semi-natural green space), Flooding and planning - conflict and confusion', Town and Country Planning 70 (4), p115
Baines, Chris, 2001, 'Into the heart of the wild, wild city' (mangaing wildlife habitat in urban areas), (Forum for the Future) Green Futres 31, November, pp28-31.

Baker, Brian, 2002, 'Turning a new leaf' (Beacon status urban open space improvement schemes), Surveyor 189 (5694), pp16-18.

Bale, John, 2002, 'Sport, Space and the City', The Blackburn Press, ISBN 1-930665-38-5, http://www.blackburnpress.com/sporspacandc.html
Bale, John, 2005, 'Sport, Space and the City', The Blackburn Press, ISBN 1-930665-38-5.

Barber, Alan, 1996, 'Park Life', Municipal Journal, 18.10.96, pp20-21.
Barber, Alan, 1998, 'Government must write role of leisure into regeneration', Urban Environment Today, 30.4.98.
Barber, Alan, 2002, 'Planning past, present and future - a review of how managers of urban greenspace can work more closely with the planning system', Urban Parks Forum, Reading, tel,.(0118) 946 9060, http://www.urbanparksforum.co.uk
Barber, Alan, 2002, 'Parks still poor relation', Regeneration & Renewal, 8.11.02, p23.

Barker, George, 1996, 'Urban green space systems and the current situation and background in the UK', Proceedings of the International Symposium of Local Agenda 21 and Eco-City Development', 17-18 January, Seoul/Taejon, UNDP, Korea, pp85-108.
Barker, George, 1997, 'A Framework for the Future: Green Networks in Multiple Uses in and Around Cities', English Nature Research Report 265, November.

Barlow, E, 1987, 'Restoring Central Park',. MIT Press, Cambridge.

*Barton, Hugh; Grant, Marcus; Guise, Richard, 2002, 'Shaping Neighbourhoods: Health, Sustainability and Vitality', Spon Press, London, http://www.sponpress.com ISBN 0 415 27852 X (Hb) / 0 415 26009 4 (pb). (Oversize HT151.B2)

Baschak, L.A & Brown, R.D, 1985, 'An ecological framework for the planning, design and management of urban river greenways', Landscape and Urban Planning 33, pp211-225.

Batchelor, Cathy & Catling, Andy, 'A new pioneering spirit' (experience of two project managers in major park restoration schemes), Landscape Design, March 1999, pp35-36.

Bayton, Sharon, 1997, 'Making the most of a sporting chance' (lottery sports funding), Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Bedford, Paul, 1996, 'Planning to make most of a sporting crock of gold', Planning 1194, 8.11.96.

Bedford Square Press, ?1998, 'How Green Is Your City?, Pioneering Approaches to environmental action', available from Plymbridge Distributors Ltd., Plymouth.

Bell, S, 1995, 'Watch This Space: Urban Greenspace Policy Study', Metropolitan Planning Officers' Society, Oldham.

Bernakatzy, A, 1974, 'The effect of trees in the climate of towns', Proceedings of the Conference on 'Trees, growth in the urban landscape', Wye College, Kent.

Black Environment Network (BEN), London, tel. (020) 8985 6760:
- website: http://www.ben-network.org.uk
'Ethnic Communities and Green Spaces: Guidance for Green Space Managers', 2005, http://www.ben-network.org.uk

Blackman, David, 2005, 'Casinos regain the limelight', Planning 1629, 22.7.05, p15

Botkin, D.B & Beveridge, C.E, 1997, 'Ciites as environments', Urban ecosystems 1, pp3-19.

Bourne, Caroline, 2002, 'Private finance provides key to transform US public space', (and lessons for the UK), Urban Environment Today 157, 3.10.02, pp6-7

Box, John & Harrison, Carolyn, 1993, 'Natural spaces in urban places', Town and Country Planning 62 (9), September, pp231-235.
Box, John & Harrison, Carolyn, 1994, 'Natural spaces in urban places: minimum targets for accessible natural greenspaces in urban areas', Nature's Place 5, April, pp14-16.
Box, John; Cossons, Veronica & McKelvey, Jan, 2001, 'Sustainability, biodiversity, and land use planning', Town and Country Planning 70 (7/8), July/August, pp210-212.

Boyle, David, 1992, 'Why we should let Christopher Robin go hoppity-hoppity: Cities need more green space,' Town and Country Planning, 61 (3), March.
Boyle, David, 2002. 'A creaking conception of cities' (making cities denser rather than greener), Town and County Planning 71 (12), December, p299
Boyle, David, 2004, 'The sad tale of Crystal Palace Park', Town and Country Planning 73 (3), March, pp98-99

Bradley, C & Millward, A.M, 1986, 'Successful Urban Greenspace - do we know it when we see it?', Landscape Research 11 (2), pp2-8.

Bradshaw, Anthony; Walmsley, Anthony & Hunt, Ben, 1995, 'Trees in the Urban Landscape. Principles and Practice,' E & F Spon, 1995. GC2320.BRA

Brauner, Steve, 2001, 'Local opposition to Anfield dream' (Liverpool FC's new stadium controversy), Regeneration & Renewal, 23.3.01.

British Urban Regeneration Association, 2003, 'Guide to Best Practice in Sport and Regeneration', BURA with support of the Sports Council, London.

Brown, Matthew, 2004, 'Greening the Bluefields' (green spaces and regeneration in the Thames Gateway area), Regeneration & Renewal, 22.7.04,, p18

BTCV (British Trust for Conservation Volunteers), 36 St. Mary's Street, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 OEU,
tel. (01491) 821600, fax. (01491) 839646, email: information@btcv.org.uk
- publications available from BTCV Enterpises Ltd., The Conservation Centre, Balby Road, Doncaster DN4 0RH,
tel. (01302) 572000, fax. (01302) 310167.
- website: http://www.btcv.org
Practical handbooks
Tree Planting and Aftercare' (ed.: Barbara Viser)
'Toolcare'
'The Urban Handbook - a practical handbook to community environmental work', 1998
'Hands-On Conservation' (A volunteer's guide to practical skills), 199?
'How to make a Wildlife Garden' (by Chris Baines), 19??
'A Guide to Habitat Creation' (by Chris Baines and Jane Smith), 19??
Other BTCV Publications (Published by BTCV except those marked #)
'Conservation volunteering ; how and wny'
'Practical conservation - advice for teacher's
'Local Action - organising a local group'
'Risk assessment learning pack'
'A health and safety overview'
'Your wildlife pond'.
'Garden for birds'.
'Urban fungi'.
'The historical ecology of woodlands'.

Burgess, J; Harrison, C.M & Limb, M, 1988, 'Exploring environmental values through the medium of small groups. Part 2: illustrations of a group at work', Environment and Planning A 20, pp457-476.
Burgess, J; Harrison, C.M & Limb, M, 1988, 'People, Parks and the Urban Green: a study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city', Urban Studies 25, pp455-473.

Burgess, Jacqui, 1994, 'The Politics of trust: Reducing Fear of Crime in Urban Parks', Comedia.

Burton, Ian, 1993, 'Sporting chance for Inner Areas,' Planning 1022, 11.6.93.

Business and Sport in Leisure,1997, 'Commercial Leisure: A Guide to Site Criteria', BSIL, London.

CABE Space - see 'Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE)

Cairns, Sally, 2001, 'Why walking and urban green spaces are good for each other', Town and Country Planning 70 (4), April, pp102-103.

Carroll, John, 1999, 'Urban Leisure', Paper presented to the 1999 Town and Country Planning Summer School, available at http://www.planningsummerschool.com/

Caseley-Hayford, Margaret, 1997, 'It's time to take a firmer hand' (leisure sector), Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Central Council for Physical Recreation, 1997, 'A Manifesto for Sport - A Sporting Future', CCPR, London.

Centre for Local Economic Strategies, Manchester, tel. (0161) 236 7036:
- website: http://www.cles.org.uk
'Community Garden to Westminster: Active citizenship and the role of public space', July 2005, http://www.active-citizen.org.uk/files/downloads/Reports/Public%20Spaces%20Ac%20report%20final%20pdf.pdf

Chadwick, G, 1966, 'The Park and the Town', Architectural Press, London;

Chadwick, Simon, 2001, 'How football facilities score green belt wins' (Secretary of State's decision to allow Derby County Football Club to build an academy in the green belt), Planning 1435, 7.9.01, p20.

Chisholm, Alastair, 1999, 'Animal magic' (the Urban Task Force's relative neglect of the importance wildlife in towns and cities), Public Service and Local Government, September.

Citizens' Task Force on the Use and Security of Central Park, 1990, 'Central Park: the Heart of the City', Central Park Conservancy, New York City, March.

CIWEM, 1999, 'Policy Position Statement 3: Nature Conservation and urban greenspace', CIWEM, London.

Clark, Peter, 2006, 'The European City and Green Space: London, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg, 1850-2000', Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 0 7546 5429 X

Clousten, Brian, 1981, 'Trees in Towns', ?
Clouston, Brian, 1990, 'Landscape Design with Plants'.

Coalter, Fred, with Allison, Mary & Taylor, John, 2000, 'The Role of Sport in Regenerating Deprived Urban Areas', Report by the Centre for Leisure Research, University of Edinburgh, The Scottish Executive Development Department Research Programme Research Findings No. 86 and at http://www.scotland.gov.uk

Cobham Resource Consultants, 1996, 'Planning for London's trees: guidelines for borough strategies', Cobham Resource Consultants, Manchester, £7.50.

Cole, L, 1980, 'Wildlife in the City: A Study of Practical Conservation Projects', (former) Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.
Cole, L, 1983, 'Urban nature conservation', in Warren, A & Goldsmith, F.B. (eds.), 1983, 'Conservation in practice', John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Sussex, pp267-286.

Collins, Michael, 1994, 'The Sporting Life - Sport, Health and Active Recreation in Urban Parks', Comedia, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire.

Command Papers (HM Government), available from The Stationery Office (TSO) (was HMSO until 1997):
'Sport and Recreation', Cmnd. 6200, 1975.
'Policy for the Inner Cities', Cmnd. 6845, 1977.
'Streamlining the Cities: Government Proposals for Reorganising Local Government in Greater London and the Metropolitan Counties', Cmnd. 9063, 1983.

Comedia publications available from Comedia, The Round, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire GL6 7AL,
tel. (01452) 770624:
(Comedia & Demos), 'Reclaiming the night: night time use and safety in Britain's Parks', 1994.
(Comedia & Demos), 'Preliminary Issues. The Future of Urban Parks and Open Spaces', Working Paper no. 1, Comedia in association with Demos, London, 1994.
'Park Life: Urban Parks and Social Renewal', 1995.
Comedia in Association with Demos, 'The Future of Public Parks in the UK', 1995.

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) (including CASE Space)
(CASE & Sport England), 'Better Places for Sport', May 2003, and at http://www.sportengland.org
'The Value of Public Spaces, March 2004, http://www.itsyourspace.org.uk/whydoesitmatter.asp
'Green Space Strategies: A Good Practice Guide', June 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'A Guide to Producing Park and Green Space Management Plans', June 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'Is the Grass Greener?', 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'Parks Need People Skills', September 2004, and at http://www.cabe.org.uk
'Preventing Anti-Social Behaviour in Public Places', November 2004:
'Green Space Strategies: a good practice guide', 2004.
'Peoples' perceptions of parks' (?exact title), Report of a MORI Survey, January 2005.
'Parks and Squares: Who Cares?', February 2005, http://www.cabespace.org.uk/data/pdfs/Parksquares_final_web.pdf
'Decent Parks? Decent Behaviour?', May 2005, http://www.cabe.org.uk/publications
'Parks Need Parkforce', September 2005.
'Does Money Grow on Trees?', ?

Community Development Foundation (CDF), 60 Highbury Grove London N5 2AG,
tel. (020) 7226 5375, fax. (020) 7704 0313, email: admin@cdf.org.uk
- website: http://www.cdf.org.uk
'Changing where we live: A guide to working with communities to create green and sustainable communities', ?2004, ISBN: 1 901974 48 0

Connor, Lee, 2002, 'Waste years in the city', (Jubilee Gardens on London's south bank), Regeneration & Renewal, 1.2.01, pp16-17

Conway, H, 1991, 'People's Parks, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Cooke, Michael, 1997, 'Grounds for redevelopment' (football grounds and regeneration), Urban Environment Today, 3.4.97

Cooper, Marcus C & Francis, C, 1990, 'People Places: design guidelines for urban open space', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

Cooper, Nigel, 1993, 'Wildlife in Church and Churchyard', The Council for the Care of Churches, Church House Publishing, London.

Countryside Commission (in April 1999 merged with the Rural Development Commission to form
the Countryside Agency) - publications available from TCA Sales, Wetherby:
'Planning for a the countryside and wildlife within metropolitan areas', Countryside Commission and (former) Nature Conservation Council, 1988.
'Countryside and Nature Conservation Issues in District Local Plans', 1991.
'Green Capital: Planning for London's Greenspace', CCP344, 1991.
'Action for London's trees: investing in a leafy capital', CCP 433, 1993. ISBN 0 86170 4037
'Green capital: planning for London's greenspace', CCP 344, 1994
'Securing a greener future for London: a response to the consultation document 'London: Making the best better', CCP 462 Countryside Commission, Northampton, 1994.
'Countryside Commission/Government Office for London', 'Study of London's Green Corridors', Countryside Commission South East Regional Office, London WC2, 1995.
'Linking Town and Countryside', 1999. (OFL on 26.3.99)

Cranz, G, 1982, 'The politics of park design', MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachussets / London.

Crick, Humphrey et al, 2002, 'Investigation into the Causes of the Decline of Starlings and House Sparrows', August, DEFRA Publications, Admail 6000, London SW1A 2XX, tel: (08459) 556000. (PB 7294). http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/resprog/findings/sparrow/index.htm

Crouch, David, 1994, 'The popular culture of City Parks', Comedia.
Crouch, David, 1998, 'Rewriting the plot on city allotments', Planning 1275, 3.7.98.
Crouch, Davi; Sempik, J & Wiltshire, R, 2001, 'Growing in the Community: A Good Practice Guide for the Management of Allotments', Local Government Association, London.

Cuthbertson, Anne, 1996, 'Wasteland to Wetlands', (Bran Elms housing site, South West London), Planning Week 4 (36), 5.9.96.

Davidson, J., 1988, 'How green is your city?', Bedford Square Press, London.

Davies, D & Shaw, A, 1995, 'Reusing Old Graves: A Report on Popular British Attitudes', Shaw & Sons.

Dawe, G.F.M, (ed.), 1990, 'The Urban Environment: A Sourcebook for the 1990s', Centre for Urban Ecology / English Nature / World Wide Fund for Nature.

de Castellla, Tom, 2005, 'Renewers back leisure role' (leisure developments and community vitality), Planning 1626, 1.7.05, p15

Demos, 1999, 'Park Life' (author: Ken Worpole), Demos, October.

Deneke, F, 1983, 'Urban and community forestry. Where are we going?', Journal of Arboriculture 8, pp99-101.

Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), London
- DCMS publications from tel. (020) 7211 6200:
- website: http://www.dcms.gov.uk:
'New links for the Lottery: proposals for the New Opportunities Fund' (consultation paper on the proposals particularly emphasising urban open space improvements), Cm 4166, TSO, London, 1998.
'A Report to the Social Exclusion Unit - Arts and Sport', commissioned by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) from Policy Action Team 10,and available from Joanna Carpenter at the DCMS Strategy Unit, July 1999.
'Progress on local cultural strategies', March 2000.
'A Sporting Future for All', DCMS & the DfEE, April 2000 and at: http://www.culture.gov.uk
'Designing for Sport and Arts', February 2001.
'Creating Opportunities', tel. (020) 7211 6200, January 2001.
'Building on PAT10: Department of Culture, Media and Sport Report on Social Inclusion', March 2001.
'A Safe bet for success', April 2002, and at http://www.dcms.gov.uk
'Bring Communities Together Through Sport and Culture', 2004.
'Casinos: Statement of National Policy', January 2005, http://www.culture.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/endlxltrhwnydvtr55fcp42ahubhdjhmhbg6fi

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (replaced MAFF in June 2001)
- website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/
'The Environmental Quality Survey for England, 2001 - 2002', October 2002, and at http://www.encams.org

Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) (June 2001-May 2002)
- website: http://www.dtlr.gov.uk
'Green Spaces, Better Places: Interim report of the urban green spaces taskforce', November 2001, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=4040&heading=e-mail+alert
'Allotments: A plot holders' guide', February 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=5362&heading=e-mail+alert
'Green Spaces Better Places', May 2002, http://www.urban.dtlr.gov.uk/taskforce/index.htm
'Improving urban parks, play areas and green spaces', 2002, ISBN 1 851112 57609, £25, http://www.urban.dtlr.gov.uk/taskforce/gspaces/summary/index.htm

Department of the Environment (DOE) (former; from June 1997 to June 2001 part of the
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions; DETR):
Circular 36/78, 'Trees in Towns', HMSO, 1976.
'Developing Sport and Leisure,' DOE Inner Cities Directorate, 1989.
'Greening city sites',' HMSO, 1989.
'Tourism and the Inner City: an evaluation of the impact of grant-assisted tourism projects', DOE Inner Cities Directorate, 1990.
'Royal Parks Review: Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens', HMSO, London, 1991.
'Planning Policy Guidance Note 17, Recreation and Open Space', HMSO, 1991 (draft DETR revised version, 2001)
Planning Policy Guidance Note 21,'Tourism and Planning', HMSO, 1992.
Planning Policy Guidance Note 9, 'Nature Conservation', HMSO, 1994.
'Trees in Towns,' prepared for the DOE by Land Use Consultants, HMSO, 1993.
'Urban Tree Strategies', 1994.
'Urban Trees and Streets,' 1994.
'The Guide to the Law and Good Practice,' (on TPOs), 1994.
'Planning Applications Procedures: Statutory Consultees: The Sports Council', DOE Development Control Policy Division, 1995.
'The impact of Environmental Improvements on Urban Regeneration', HMSO, London. UK/P95/428.
'The Body Language of Trees: A Handbook for Failure Analysis', DOE Research for Amenity Trees no 4, November 1995.
'People, Parks and Cities: A guide to current practice in urban parks and environmental spaces', HMSO, 1996.
*Greening the City: A Guide to Good Practice' (by GFA Consulting for the Department of the Environment), HMSO, 1996. Documents Division UK/P96/271
'Urban Woodland and the Benefits for Local Air Quality', HMSO, 1997.
'Guide to Good Practice in Managing Environmental Projects', TSO, March 1997.
Research for Amenity Trees series.
No 3 Urban tree strategies, DoE, 1994 (out of print)
No 5 Urban woodland and the benefits for local air quality, The Stationery Office, 1996.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (1997-2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)'Tree Preservation Orders: 'Draft Regulations', July 1998.
'The Government's Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee's report on 'The Future for Allotments', TSO, September 1998.
'Effectiveness of Planning Policy Guidance on Sport and Recreation', October 1998.
'Tree Preservation Orders - Draft Regulations' (consultation paper), July 1998.
''Towards an Urban Renaissance: The Report of the Urban Task Force chaired by Lord Rogers of Riverside', Routledge, June 1999. ISBN 1 851121 65X (Executive Summary available from DETR Free Literature, Wetherby and available at http://www.detr.gov.uk (OFL on 29.6.99)
'Roots and Routes', draft guidance produced in conjunction with Local Highway Authorities, the Arboricultural Association, the London Tree Officers Association and the Arboricultural Advisory and Information Service, Rural Development Division, July 1999 and available at http://www.detr.gov.uk
'High Hedges: possible solutions. A consultation paper covering England and Wales', DETR Free Literature, November 1999, at:- http://www.wildlife-countryside.detr.gov.uk/consult/highhedges/index.htm
'Town and Country Parks (Government Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee Report)', January 2000, at:- http://www.regeneration.detr.gov.uk/response/parks/index.htm
'Government Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Report - Town and Country Parks', tel. (020) 7890 6556.
'Demolition of Sports Facilities Consultation' (27 October 2000), August 2000, http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/consult/sports/index.htm
*'Our Towns and Cities: The future - Delivering an urban renaissance', November 2000, http://www.regeneration.detr.gov.uk/policies/ourtowns/cm4911/index.htm
'Our Towns and Cities: The future - Delivering an urban renaissance - Regional case studies', November 2000,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=606&heading=Email+Alert
'Planning Policy Guidance 17: Draft Revised Planning Policy Guidance Note on Sport, Open Space and Recreation (PPG 17): for Public Consultation, March 2001, http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/consult/ppg17revised/index.htm
'The Effectiveness of Planning Policy Guidance on Sport and Recreation', May 2001,
http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/eppgsr/index.htm
'Green Spaces, Better Places - Interim Report of the Urban Green Spaces Taskforce', November 2001,
http://www.urban.dtlr.gov.uk/taskforce/index.htm
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)

Dewar, David, 1999, 'Ruling stadium moves offside' (football-related applications and the environment), Planning 1323, 18.6.99.
Dewar, David, 2003, 'Fighting for natural causes' (NEF Green Cities report), Planning 1510, 14.3.03, p8
Dewar, David, 2003, 'Dismal state of urban space prompts outcry' (House of Commons ODPM Select Committee report), Planning 1531, 8.8.03, p9

Douglas, I, 1983, 'The Urban Environment', Edward Arnold, London.
Douglas, I & Box, J (eds.), 2000, 'The Changing Relationship between Cities and Biosphere Reserves', Report for Urban Forum of the UK MAB Committee, derived from a workshop held in Manchester in 1994, May.

Duffield, B & Walker, S, 1983, 'Urban Parks and Open Spaces - a review', Tourism and Recreation Research Unit, Edinburgh, published by the Sports Council and Social Science Research Council, in Burgess et al, 1988, 'People, Parks and the Urban Green: A study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city', Urban Studies 25, pp455-473.

Dugdill, Gerald, 1998, 'Ploughing landfill tax back into cities', Urban Environment Today, 11.6.98.

Dunk, J & Rugg, J, 1994, 'The Management of Old Cemetery Land', Shaw & Sons.

Dunnett, C; Swanwick, C & Woolley, M, 2002, 'Improving Urban Parks, Play Areas and Open Spaces', Urban Research Report, (former) Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions, London & Federation of City Farms and Community Gardens, Bristol & c.f. http://www.farmgarden.org.uk

Dunnet, Nigel & Hitchmough, James, (eds.) 2004, 'The Dynamic Landscape: Design, Ecology and Management of Naturalistic Urban Planning', Taylor & Francis, London. ISBN 0 415 25620 8

Durk, Mark, 2001, 'Community forests now finding urban roots', Urban Environment Today, 11.10.01, p11

Dutton, R & Bradshaw, A, 1982, 'Land Reclamation in Cities', HMSO, London.

Economic and Social Research Council, 2-005, ''Living cities: a new agenda for urban nature', ESRC, Swindon, Witlshire, http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/habitable_cities/habitable_citiessubset/habitable_citiesinfopops/policy_forum.pdf

Edwards, Peter, 2000, 'Avoiding own goals in the sports field' (leisure facilities on the urban fringe and green belt guidance), Planning 1385, 8.9.00.

Elkin, T, 1991, 'Chapter 4: Green Space and Wildlife', in Reviving the City', Friends of the Earth, London. HT153.E5.

Elliott, Brent, 1989, 'Mortal Remains: The History and Present State of the Victorian and Edwardian Cemetery', Exeter.

Emery, M., 1986, 'Promoting nature in cities and towns', Croom Helm.

English Heritage (EH) publications, available from tel. (0870) 333 1181 or
English Heritage Customer Services, Kemble Drive,
Swindon, Wiltshire, SN2 2GZ, tel. (0870) 333 1181, (01793) 414911, fax. (01793) 414926
- website: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk
'The Register of Parks and Gardens', 1992.
'London: The Green City' (report by Kim Wilkie Associates for English Heritage on the reintegration of Hyde Park Corner with Green Park and Hyde Park), March 2001, free.
'State of the Historic Environment 2002', November 2002.

English Nature publications available from EN Enquiries Services, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA,
tel. (01733) 455100, fax. (01733) 455103, email: enquiries@english-nature.org.uk or from Telelink,
PO Box 100, Fareham PO15 2SX, tel. (01329) 331300, email: reception@telelink.co.uk:
- see also Annual Reports, 1991-
'Rooted in stone: the natural flora of urban walls', 1992. ISBN 1 85716 044 4.
'The flowering of cities: the natural flora of urban 'commons', 1992. ISBN 1 85716 047 9
'Proposals for the classification, description and mapping of soils in urban areas', 1992. ISBN 1 85716 042 8.
'Planning for Wildlife in towns and cities', (David Tyldesley & Associates), 1994. ISBN 1 85716 147 5
'Human Well-being and natural landscape and wildlife in urban areas', 1994.
'Providing accessible Natural Green space in cities a review of appropriate size and distance criteria', English Nature Research Reports No. 153, ISBN 0967-876X, 1995.
'A framework for the future: green networks with multiple uses in and around towns and cities', English Nature Research Reports No. 256, ISBN 0967-876X, 1997.
'Revealing the Value of Nature', 2002, free.
'Review of the coverage of Urban Habitats and Species within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan', ENRR 651, 2005.
'Audit of Towns, Cities and Development Workstream of the England Biodiversity Strategy' (by Stephanie Wray, Jacqueline Hay, Hannah Walker & Rowena Staff), EN Research Report no. 652, 2005.

English Partnerships, 2001, 'A growing partnership', tel. (01925) 644636, email: publications@englishpartnership.co.uk

English Sports Council (now known as 'Sport England':
'Open All Hours: Managing Community Sports Facilities on School Sites', 1994.
'Planning Bulletin no. 1: 'Playing Fields for Sport', May 1997.
'Open All Hours: Managing Community Sports Faciltiies on School Sites', 1997.
'A Sporting Future for the Playing Fields of England', 1997.

English, Ruth, 1995, 'Tourism as a Tool for Economic Regeneration: the Middlesborough Experience,' Report of Proceedings, Town and Country Planning Summer School, University of Exeter, 2-13 September 1995, RTPI, London.

Environ, 1996?, 'Open Spaces', (audit of open space in Leicester), Environ, Leicester.

Environment Agency, Head Office, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec House, Aztec West,
Almondsbury, Bristol BS12 4UD, tel. (01454) 624400 -
websites: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk & http://www.environment-agency.wales.gov.uk
'River restoration - a stepping stone to urban regeneration', 2002, ISBN 1 85 7059042

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1996, 'What Future for Urban Environments in Europe?', Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

European Greenways Association / Association europeene des Voies vertes, 2000, 'The European Greenways Good Practice Guide: Examples of actions undertaken in cities and the periphery', available in English, French, German, Spanish, European Greenways Association / Association europeene des Voies vertes, Gare de Namur, boite 27, B-5000 Namur, tel. +32 81 224256, fax. +32 81 229002, email: aevv.ogwa@gate71.be (OFL on 28.6.00)

Fagg, Barry, 1998, 'Breathing new life into a green lung' (Lee Valley Regional Park), Planning 10.7.98.

Farrell, Terry, 1999, 'The Royal Parks Review, 1995-1997'. Text, plans and summary by Terry Farrell. Published on RUDI on May 11, 1999 at http://www.rudi.herts.ac.uk/
Farrell, Sir Terry, 2003, 'Buckingham Palace Redesigned', Andreas Papadakis, London, tel. (020) 7823 2323, ISBN 1 901092 40 2

Feature, 1997, 'Playing for Spaces' Urban Environment Today, 1.5.97.
Feature, 1998, 'Rangers to revive urban realm', Urban Environment Today, 22.1.98
Feature, 1999, 'Digging in for Growth' (Allotments, City Farms and the threat from development), Urban Environment Today, 13.5.99.
Feature, 2002, 'Going for gold' ((the use of intelligent transport systems in the Manchester Commonwealth Games), Surveyor 189 (5691), 8.8.02, pp16-18.

Festing, Hariet, 2000, 'Somewhere for the kinds' (public childrens' gardens in the USA), Town and Country Planning 69 (12), December.
Festing, Harriet, 2001, 'Turning public space around: (experience of the US charity Project for Public Spaces), Town and Country Planning 70 (5), May, p148-149.

Forbes, Stephen & Kendle, Tony, 1997, 'Urban Nature Conservation: Landscape Management in the Urban Countryside', Taylor & Francis, Abdingdon, Oxfordshire. ISBN 0 419 19300 6

Forestry Commission:
'Handbook 11: Creating and Managing Woodland around Towns', HMSO, 1995.
'A New Focus for England's Woodland', Forestry Commission, Greater Eastern house, Tenison Road, Cambridge CB1 2DU, tel. (01223) 314546, 1998.
(Forestry Commission & National Urban Forestry Unit), 'The Potential for Woodland on Urban and Industrial Waste', available from (01223) 314546, June 2000.

Francis, M; Cashdan, L & Paxson, L, 1987, 'Community open spaces', Island Press, Washington DC.

Freeman, Claire, 1996, 'Deflecting development: competing pressures on urban greenspace', Planning Practice and Research 11 (4), November, pp.365-377.

Frith, Matthew, 2002, 'Why we all need a walk in the park', (urban parks and health services), Forum for the Future) Green Futures 34 (May/June), p45, http://www.greenfutures.org.uk

Frost, Pete, 2001, 'Urban biosphere reserves - re-integrating people with the natural environment', Town and Country Planning 70 (7/8), July/August, pp213-215.

Fyson, Anthony, 1998, 'A lack of time is no reason for lack of allotment hours', Planning 1289, 9.10.98.
Fyson, Anthony, 2002, 'The Park's place in a city's revival', Planning 1470, 24.5.02, p10.
Fyson, Anthony, 2004, 'Question led by casino-led urban renewal', Planning 1593, 29.10.04, p12

Gambling Review Body, 2002, 'Gambling Review Report', Gambling Review Body, tel. (0870) 600 5522, March.

Gandy, Matthew, 2002, 'Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City', The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISBN 0 262 07224 6, http://mitpress.mit.edu

Garde, Ajay M, 1999, 'Marginal Spaces in the Urban Landscape: Regulated margins or Incidental Open Spaces?', Journal of Planning Education and Research (US Association of Collegiate Schools in Planning 18 (3), Spring.

Garden History Society, 1995, 'Protection of Parks and Gardens in Development Plans', GHS, Station House, Church Lane, Wickwas, Gloucestershire, GL12 8NB.

Gardening Which, 1999, 'A Blueprint for Trees', available from Gardening Which? PO Box 44, Hertford SG14 1SH.

Garlick, Richard, 2002, 'No funds for open spaces' (House of Commons report on parks), Regeneration & Renewal, 1.3.02, p12

Garnett, Tara, 1996, 'Growing Food in Cities', NFA and SAFE Alliance, London (now renamed 'Sustain').

Garvin, A. & Leinberger, C, 1997, 'Urban Parks and Open Space', Urban Land Institute, Washington DC.
Garvin, A & Berens, G., 1998, 'Urban Parks and Open Space', RICS Books, London. (OFL on 26.2.99)

Geddes, P, 1904, 'City Development: A Study of Parks, Gardens, and Culture Institutes. A Report to the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust', The St. George Press, Edinburgh.

Gibbons, Joanna & Oberholzer, Bernard, 1991, 'Urban Streetscapes: a Workbook for Designers', ?

Gilbert, O.L., 1989, 'The Ecology of Urban Habitats', Chapman and Hall, London.

Girling, Cynthia L & Helphand, Kenneth I, 1994, 'Yard, Street, Park: The Design of Suburban Open Space', John Wiley and Son, New York.

Gobster, P.H, 1995, 'Perception and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation', Landscape and Urban Planning 33, pp401-413.

Goodall, B., 1987, 'Tourism Policy and Jobs in the UK', Built Environment, 13 (2).

Goode, David, 1997, 'The nature of cities', Landscape Design, September, pp14-16 &18.

Gold, S.M, 1973, 'Urban Recreation Planning', 1st edition, Lea and Fabiger, USA.

Gordon, David (ed.), 1990, 'Green Cities: Ecologically Sound Approaches to Urban Space', Black Rose, Canada.

Greater London Authority (GLA), London, GLA, tel. (020) 7983 4090:
- website: http://www.london.gov.uk
'The Biodiversity Strategy', September 2001, and at http://www.london.gov.uk
'Scrutiny of Green Spaces', November 2001, and at http://www.london.gov.uk
'Connecting with London's Nature', August 2002, and at http://www.london.gov.uk
'Guide to Preparing Open Space Strategies', March 2004, and at http://www.planningresource.co.uk

Green Alliance, 2000, 'In our backyard: the social promise of environmentalism', The Green Alliance, London, tel. (020) 7233 7433, September 2000 (OFL on 10.10.00)

Green Gateway, 2002, 'Green Gateway - Urban Regeneration in the Thames Gateway Using Trees and Woods', February 2002, Green Gateway, tel. (01708) 641880.

Green, Ray, 1999, 'Compaction and greener cities', (growth in the shires and the potential for a new concept in city and country living), Town and Country Planning 68 (10), October.

Greenhaigh, Liz & Worpole, Ken, 1995, 'Park Life: urban parks and social renewal', Comedia/Demos, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
Greenhaigh, Liz; Worpole, Ken & Grove-White, R, 1996, 'People, parks and cities: A Guide to current good practice in Urban Parks and Environmental Spaces', (former) Department of the Environment (DOE), HMSO, London.

Green Space, Reading, tel. (0118) 946 9060:
- website: http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Claiming your share: a guide to external funding for parks and green spaces for parks and green spaces community groups', 2004. ISBN 0954266331
'Making a Difference: How to Set up and Maintain a Community Group', April 2004, and at http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Engaging Communities' ?, http://www.green-space.org.uk

Greig-Smith, Heather, 2004, 'Does the house always win' (gambliong laws in the UK and overseas), Regeneration & Renewal, 26.11.04, pp24-25

Grey, Gene W, 1996, 'The urban forest: comprehensive management', John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 0471 122750.

Griffiths, Ben, 1997, 'Cemetery overload', Planning 1206, 21.2.97.

Groundwork, 2001, 'New Urban Landscapes in London', Groundwork, London, tel. (020) 7922 1230.

Groundwork UK, 2003, 'Barclays SiteSavers and Sustainability: Making Change Happen and Making it Last', Groundwork UK, Birmingham, tel. (0121) 236 8565, October.

Grove, A.B & Cresswell, R.W, (eds.), 1983, 'City Landscape: A Contribution to The Council of Europe's Campaign for Urban Renaissance', Butterworths, London.

Hannigan, John, 1998, 'Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis', Routledge, London. ISBN 0 415 15097 3 (Hb) / 0 415 15098 1 (pb)

Harding, Stewart, 1999, 'The wind of change' (Urban Parks programme and the regeneration of parks), Landscape Design, March, pp23-25.
Harding, Stewart et al, 2001, 'Audit of recreational open spaces' (?exact title), Policy Studies Institute, London, August.

Harris, Stephen & Baker, Phil, 1996 & 2001, 'Urban Foxes', Whittet Books..

Harrison, C.M; Burgess, J; Millward, A & Dawe, C, 1995, 'Accessible natural greenspace in towns and cities: A review of appropriate size and distance criteria', English Nature Research Report no. 153, EN, Peterborough.
Harrison, C.M; Limb, M & Burgess, J, 1987, 'Nature in the city: popular values for a living world', Journal of Environmental Management 25, pp347-362.

Heathcote, J; Martin, D; Pewtts (eds.), G, 2001, 'Urban Rivers: Our Inheritance and Future', IWA Publishing, ISBN 1900222221, http://www.iwapublishing.com

Hechser, A & Robinson,, 1977, 'Open Spaces: The Life of American Cities', Harper & Row, New York.

Heynen, Nik; Kalka, Maria & Swyngedouw, 2006, 'In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism', Routledge, London, ISBN 0 415 36827 8 (Hb) / 0 415 36828 6 (pb)

Hicks, D.A, 1987, 'Urban Policy in the US: Introduction', Urban Studies 24 (6), pp439-446.

Hendricks, Barbara E, 2000, 'Designing for Play' (playground design), Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 0 7546 1320 8

Heritage Lottery Fund, 2001, 'Public Park Assessment', July and at http://www.hlf.org.uk

Her Majesty's Government, 2003, 'Government response to ODPM Select Committee report on Living Places: Cleaner, Safer, Greener', Command Paper
Cm 5989, TSO, October 2003, ISBN: 0-10-159892-0, Abstract: http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmodpm/673/67302.htm">Eleventh report (HC 673)

Hibberd, B.G. (ed), 1989, 'Urban forestry practice', Forestry Commission handbook 5.

Highways Agency, London, tel. (020) 7921 4998 / (08457) 504300:
'Urban Tree Planting', 1996.

Holtkott, Saskia, 1997, 'Sheffield's green heritage', Landscape Design, March, pp14-17.
Holtkott, Saskia & Harrison, Stephen, 1998, 'Urban Park Rangers', ILAM Bookshop.

Hopkins, John, 2002, 'Lack of funding hits public realm' (learning from US experience of innovative tax and finance-easing tools to fund urban parks and open spaces), Regeneration & Renewal, 5.4.02, p8

Hough, Michael, 1984, 'City Form and Natural Process - Towards a New Urban Vernacular', Croom Helm, London.
Hough, Michael, 1995, 'Cities and Natural Processes', Routledge, London.
Hough, Michael, 2004, 'Cities and Natural Process A Basis for Sustainability' (second edition), Routledge, London, ISBN 0415298555

House of Commons & Royal Parks Agency., 2001, 'Royal Parks Agency annual report and accounts 2000-2001', House of Commons Papers, 2001-02, HC 42, TSO, July, ISBN: 0-10-291111-8.

House of Commons Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee;
publications available from The Stationery Office, tel. (0345) 023474:
*'The Future for Allotments', HC560-I, TSO, London, 1998.
''Town and Country Parks', HC 477, TSO, tel. (0345) 023474, October 1999.
'Eighth Report: Cemeteries', HC 91-I, Session 1999-2000, TSO, tel. (0870) 122 6236, April 2001.

House of Commons; Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: Housing Planning Local Government and the Regions Committee, 2003, 'Living places: cleaner, safer, greener: eleventh report of session 2002-03: volume I: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence', House of Commons Papers, 2002-03
Place in Series: HC 673-I, TSO, July, ISBN: 0-215-01213-5, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmodpm/673/673.pdf

House of Commons Urban Affairs Sub-Committee
'Public Spaces: The Role of PPG17 in the Urban Renaissance', February 2002, TSO, tel. (0870) 600 5522, and at http://www.planning.haynet.com and http://www.parliament.gov.uk/commons/selcom

Hoyle, Martin, 1994, 'Lost connections and New Directions: the Private Garden and the Public Park', Comedia, The Round, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire GL6 7AL.

Howe, Joe, 2001, 'Nourishing the City' (metropolitan planning authorities' attitudes to and policies on urban food growing), Town and Country Planning 70 (1), January.

Hubbard, Phil, 2000, 'Save our screens?' (trends in cinema-going and the implications for planning policy), Town and Country Planning 69 (10), October.
Hubbard, Phil, 2002, 'Out of town leisure experience means centres must play to different audience', Urban Environment Today 148, 30.5.02, p8.

Hughes, B, 1994, 'Lost Childhoods: Taking Childrens' Play Seriously', The Future of Urban Parks and Open Space, Working Paper no. 3, Comedia in association with Demos, London.

Hugill, Barry, 2001, 'Sports, funding, action' (Sport Action Zones and deprivation in Bradford), Regeneration and Renewal, 11.5.01, pp16-17.

Hussein, Ian, 1993, 'Extending the Life of Existing Cemeteries', IBCA (Instiute of Burials and Cremation Administration), 1 The Terrace, City of London Cemetery, Manor Park, London E12 5DO.

Hyde, Michael, 1998, 'City Fields: Country Gardens', Allotment Essays, 5 Leaves Publications, Nottingham, tel. (0115) 969 3597, August.

Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA)
'Moving Towards Excellence in Planning: Public Places and Open Spaces', ?, http://www.idea-knowledge.gov.uk

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
- website: http://www.iclei.org
ICLEI case studies, available at: http://www.iclei.org/iclei/casestud.htm
'Community-Managed Open Space Program of Chicago, USA', 2001.

Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management, 2000, 'A good practice guide to park management', ILAM, tel. (01491) 874800, September 2000.

Irvine, Seana; Johnson, Lorraine & Peter, Kim, 1999, 'Community Gardens and Sustainable Land Use Planning: a case-study of the Alex Wilson Community Garden', (Carfax) Local Environment 4 (1), February.