ST31. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORT
(including Community Severance)
(updated: June 19, 2006 )

OFL = Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates more up to date and/or useful references

Abbott, P.G., et al., 1995, 'Environmental assessment of traffic management schemes; literature review', TRL Report 174, TRL, Crowthorne, Berkshire.

Accutt, Melinda & Dodgson, J.S, 1997, 'Controlling the Environmental Impacts of Transport: Matching Instruments to Objectives', Transportation Research Part D 2 (1), pp17-33
Accutt, Melinda & Dogson, John, 1998, 'Transport and Global Warming: Modelling the Impacts of Alternative Policy Scenarios', Chapter 1 in 'Transport Policy and the Environment' (ed. David Banister), E & F Spon, London, pp20-37. HE243.T7.

Appleyard, Donald; Lynch, K & Myaer, J.R, 1964, 'The View from the Road', MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachussets.
Appleyard, Donald, 1965, 'Motion, Sequence and the City', in Kepes, G (ed), 1965, 'The Nature of Art and Motion', Studio Vista, London.
Appleyard, Donald, et al., 1981, 'Livable Streets', University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Apogee Research, 1998, 'Transportation and Global Climate Change: A Review and Analysis of the Literature', US Department of Transportation, Washington DC.

Arsenio, E; Bristow, A.L; Wardman, M, 2006, 'Stated choice valuations of traffic related noise', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 11 (1), January, pp15-31
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S1361920905000611&_version=1&md5=5da82dc06b5a2af7d4286824279b015d

Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC), London
'Rail and the environment', November 2004, http://www.railwayforum.com/getfile.php?id=133

Association pour le Respect du Site du Mont - Blanc, 2004, 'Transport routier et pollution dans les Alpes' (Road transport and pollution in the Alps), http://www.arsmb.com

Atkin, Graham & Storey, Graham, 1997, 'Electric Vehicles: Prospects for Battery fuel cell and hybrid-powered vehicles', FT Automotive, London.

Atkins, Stephen, ?1991, 'Unspoken Decrees: Road Appraisal, Democracy and the Environment', South East Wildlife Trusts.
Atkins, Steve, 2004, 'Contrary to recent media reports, rail is a much cleaner form of transport than road', Local Transport Today 405, 18.10.04, p14

Banister, D, 1996, 'Energy, quality of life and the environment: the role of transport', Transport Reviews 186 (1), pp23-25
Banister, David, (ed.), 1998, 'Transport Policy and the Environment', E & F Spon, London. ISBN 0 419 23140 4 (Hb). (HE243.T7).

Barnes, Pamela & Barnes, Ian G., 1999, 'Environmental Policy in the European Union' (Chapter 10: Transport and the environment'), Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. HC240.9.E5.B2

Baughan, C.J. & Chinn, L, 1997, 'Estimating the Total and Cumulative Impact of the Road Programme - A Feasibility Study', Transport Research Laboratory Special Report HPP1, TRL, Crowthorne, Berkshire, July.

Bayliss, D, 1990, 'Urban Traffic Management, Transport Policy and the Environment', European Conference of Ministers of Transport, OECD, Paris.

Bein, Peter, 1995, 'Monetization of Environmental Impacts of Roads', Planning Services Branch, Ministry of Transportation and Highways, Victoria, Canada, http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/bchighways
Bein, Peter, 1997, 'Social Cost of Transverse Barrier Effects', Planning Services Branch, Ministry of Transportation and Highways, Victoria, Canada, http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/bchighways

Boege, S, 1993, 'Road Transport of Goods and the Effects on the Spatial Environment', Wuppertal Institute, Wuppertal, Germany.

Bouwman, Mirjan, E, 2000, 'Tracking transport systems: An environmental perspective on passenger transport modes', Geo Pers, Groningen, Netherlands. ISBN 90-71971 68, fax. +31 50 363 3901, email: m.jager@frw.rug.nl
Bouwman, Mirjan, 2000, 'An environmental assessment of the bicycle and other transport systems', Paper presented at the Velo-Mondial Conference, Amsterdam, June, available on CD from Fietsersbond, Postbus 2828, NL-3500 GV Utrecht, Netherlands, tel. +31 30 291 8160, fax. +31 30 291 8188, email: ondersteuning@fietsersbond.nl €15 (including postage and packing). (& c.f. European Cyclists' Federation Bicycle Research Report 130)
Bouwman, M.E & Moll, H.C, 2002, 'Environmental analyses of land transportation systems in The Netherlands', (Elsevier Science) Journal: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, ISSN: 1361-9209, 7 (5), September, pp331-345,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S1361920902000020&_version=1&md5=8ac8a2b60fe836116aa0e3ca55ce5542
Boyapati, E; Hartono, A & Rowbottom, J, 2003, 'Comparison of Emissions from Public Transport System and Private Cars', Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Energy and Environment, Cairo.

Bristow, Abigail L; Wardman, Mark, 2006, ‘Valuation of Aircraft Noise by Time of Day: A Comparison of Two Approaches’, Transport Reviews 26 (45), July, p417, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=N0204152N2275253

British Lung Federation, 1998, 'Transport and Pollution: The Health Costs', British Lung Federation, London..

British Roads Federation, 1993, 'Old Roads to Green Roads', BRF, London.

Buckold, Steffen & Hey, Christian, 1997, 'Strategic Environmental Assessment of the TENS', Eures, Netherlands, fax. +31 10 241 6363.

Business in the Environment (BiE) in association with the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (CIPs), 1999, 'Buying into greener transport', CIPS Bookshop, London.

Byron, Helen J, Treweek, Joanna R.; Sheate, William R. & Thomspon, Stewart, 2000, 'Road Developments in the UK: An Analysis of Ecological Assessment in Environmental Impact Statements produced between 1993 and 1997', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 43 (1), January.
Byron, Helen, 2000, 'Biodiversity and environmental impact assessment: a good practice guide for road schemes', Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) & English Nature & the Wildlife Trusts, email: helen.byron@rspb.org.uk (Oversize GE300 BYR)

Cadwaller, Sarah & Donovan, Nelson, 1996, 'Fuelling Tomorrow's Transport: Key energy issues and developments', Financial Times Energy Publishing, London.

Carpenter, T.G., 1994, 'The Environmental Impact of Railways', John Wiley, Chichester, Sussex.

CCAP, 2005, 'Transportation Emissions Guidebook: Land Use, Transit & Transportation Demand Management, Center of Clean Air Policy,
http://www.ccap.org/guidebook

Center for Clean Air Policy in LA & Center for Neighborhood Technology in Chicago, 2006, 'High Speed Rail and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S', Center for Clean Air Policy Center for Neighborhood Technology, January, at http://www.ccap.org/trans.htm

Centre for Energy Conservation and Environmental Technology, University of Delft:
- website: http://www.cedelft.nl
To shift or not to shift? that is the question', 2003.
'Climate impacts from international aviation and shipping: state of the art research on climate impacts, allocation and mitigation policies', 2004

Centre for Rural Economy (CRE), 2006, ‘The impact of foot and mouth disease on the rural economy’ (?exact title), CRE, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, February.

Clark, J.M & Hutton, B.J, 1991, 'The Appraisal of Community Severance', Report 135, Transport Research Laboatory, Crowthorne, Berkshire.

Cloke, J; Harris G; Latham S; Quimby A; Smith L & Baughan C, 1999?, 'Reducing the Environmental Impact of Driving', Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire.
Cloke, J.D, Webster, P; Boulter, P ; Harris, G; Stait, R; Abbott, P & Chinn, L, 1999, 'Traffic calming: Environmental assessment of the Leigh Park Area Safety Scheme'. TRL Report 397. TRL Limited, Crowthorne.

Commission for Integrated Transport, 5th Floor, Romney House, Tufton Street, London SW1P 3RA,
tel. (020) 7944 4101/4813, fax (020) 7944 2919, email cfit@detr.gsi.gov.uk
- website: http://www.cfit.gov.uk ::
'European Best Practice in Transport - Benchmarking', August 2000, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/ebptbench/index.htm
'A Comparative Study of the Environmental Effects of Rail and Short-haul Air Travel', October 2001 and on the CFIT website.
'Meeting external costs in the aviation industry', 2003, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/research/aec/index.htm
'A Report on Aviation's External Costs', September 2003, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/reports/index.htm
'Commission for Integrated Transport (CfIT) response to the Government's consultation on the future development of air transport in the UK', February 2004, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/reports/fdat/index.htm
'High Speed Rail: International Comparisons' (report by Steer Davies Gleave), February 2004, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/research/hsr/pdf/hsr.pdf
'Transport and Climate Change', September 2005, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/reports/ccdefra/index.htm

Commission of the European Communities, Brussels
- publications available from Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Brussels.
'Communication from the Commission on Transport and CO2 - Developing a Community Approach', 1988.
The Impact of Transport in the Environment; A Community Strategy for Sustainable Development', COM (92) 46, EC Green Paper, 1992.
'Spatial and Ecological Assessment of the TENs', 1998.
'Results of urban mobility studies' (ensuirng urban mobility while minimising traffic and environmental impacts), August 2001, http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/transport/extra/home.html
'Conference on good practice in integration of environment into transport policy', 2003, http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/gpc/index.htm#3
''Integration of transport policy into transport policy: From strategies to good practice', 2003.
'Habitat fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure': The European review', COST Action 3451 (Chef Editor: M. Trocme), Brussels, 2003.

Confederation of British Industry (CBI), London:
'All Aboard', December 1996.

Council for the Protection of Rural England (CPRE), 1996 & 1999, 'Traffic Trauma or Tranquillity Map' (revised): Map (free) and Methodology Report, CPRE, London,(revised; first published in 1996)

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (June 2001-)
- website: http://www.defra.gov.uk
'Towards a National Ambient Noise Strategy' (Consultation Paper), December 2001, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=4724&heading=e-mail+alert
'Converting the United Kingdom's Traffic Noise Index', July 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=7149&heading=e-mail+alert
'Report of the consultation on the Government's strategy to tackle ambient noise - background noise mainly caused by transport and industry', December 2002, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/consult/noiseambient/

Department for Transport (DfT)( (May 2002-)
- website: http://www.dft.gov.uk
'Transport Statistics: Transport Trends 2002', January 2003, http://www.transtat.dft.gov.uk/tables/2002/tt/intro.htm
'Aviation and the Environment: Using economic instruments', March 2003,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14543&heading=e-mail+alert
Noise impacts of airport developments considered in the national consultation documents', April 2003,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=15009&heading=e-mail+alert
'The Valuation of Transport-Related Noise in Birmingham', November 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=22336&heading=e-mail+alert
'Guidance to the Civil Aviation Authority on Environmental Objectives and its Air Navigation Directive', March 2005,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=23821&heading=e-mail+alert
'Understanding community severance' (report commissioned by the DfT and written by TRL Ltd) -Part 1 (presents the views of practitioners and communities), at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_localtrans/documents/page/dft_localtrans_610194.hcsp - Part 2 (seeks to review severance monetisation practice in order to investigate the feasibility of this method for appraising severance in England), at http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_localtrans/documents/page/dft_localtrans_610195.hcsp
'Guidance on transport-related noise', February 2006.

Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) (June 2001-May 2002)
- website: http://www.dtlr.gov.uk
'Secretary of State's Decision Letter on Hastings road schemes', August 2001, http://www.roads.dtlr.gov.uk/roadnetwork/hastings/index.htm
'Soft Factors Report', February 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=5326&heading=e-mail+alert
'Accumulating Environmental Impacts', February 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=5325&heading=e-mail+alert

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (1997-2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
'A New Deal for Trunk Roads:Understanding the New Approach to Appraisal', 1998, available free of charge from Highways Economics and Traffic Appraisal Division, DETR, Great Minster House, 76 Marsham Street, London SW1P 4DR
'A New Deal for Trunk Roads: Guidance on the environmental assessment of transport schemes', 1998 available available free of charge from Highways Economics and Traffic Appraisal Division, Great Minster House, 76 Marsham Street, London SW1P 4DR,
'The Environmental Effects of Traffic Associated with Mineral Workings', TSO, tel. (0345) 023474, 1998.
'The Highways (Assessment of Environmental Effects) Regulations 1999, SI no. 369, 1999
'Guidance on the Methodology for Multi-Modal Studies' (Volume 2: Chapter 4): The Environment Objective), Prepared with assistance from MVA Ltd, Countryside Agency, Environment Agency, English Heritage & English Nature, in association with Institute of Transport Studies (University of Leeds), Environmental Resources Management, David Simmonds Consultancy and John Bates Services, Product code 99 AILT 1079, free from Local Transport Policy 5, Wetherby, March 2000 and at http://www.detr.gov.uk/itwp/index.htm
'Air Quality and Transport - LAQM.G3(00)', May 2000, http://www.environment.detr.gov.uk/airq/laqm/g300/pdf/g300.pdf
'Air Quality and Land Use Planning - LAQM.G4(00)', May 2000, http://www.environment.detr.gov.uk/airq/laqm/g400/pdf/g400.pdf
'The Transport and Works (Applications and Objections Prcedure) (England and Wales) Rules 2000, TSO, tel. (0870) 600 552, August 2000
'Multi-criteria analysis: a manual', DETR Publication Sales, tel. (01709) 891318, January 2001
'The Role of the Highways Agency in Local Air Quality Management', March 2001, http://www.environment.detr.gov.uk/airq/laqm/ha/index.htm
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) publications available from DTI Publications Orderline, Admail 528,
London SW1W 8YT, tel. (0870) 1502500, fax. (0870) 1502333, email: dtipubs@echristian.co.uk
and c.f. the DTI website: http://www.dti.gov.uk
*'Energy White Paper: Our energy future – creating a low carbon economy' (Chapter 5), February 2003, http://www.dti.gov.uk/energy/whitepaper/ourenergyfuture.pdf

Department of Transport (DOT) (former; from June 1997 to June 2001 merged with the Department of the Environment
to form the Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions; DETR):
'Channel Fixed Link: Environmental Appraisal of Alternative Proposals' (by Land Use Consultants), 1986.
'Railway Noise and the Insulation of Dwellings: Report of the Committee to Recommend a National Noise Insulation Standard for New Railway Lines' (Mitchell Report), HMSO, 1991.
*'Assessing the environmental impact of road schemes', SACTRA (Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment) Report, HMSO, 1992.
'The Government's Response to the SACTRA Report', HMSO, 1992.
'Design Manual for Roads and Bridges'; Volume 11: Environmental Assessment' (2nd edition of the 1982 Manual of Environmental Assessment), 1993.
'Traffic Calming: Traffic and Vehicle Noise', Traffic Advisory Leaflet 6/96, Traffic Advisory Unit, May 1996.

Dunning, Jacqui, 1997, 'Putting a price on the problem: can economic appraisal include environmental costs and benefits', Local Transport Today, 6.11.97.

Dursley, Ed & Parker, Jon, 2003, 'Mapping the benefits' (reducing the environmental impact of HGV movements on the road network in Worcestershire), Surveyor 190 (5736), 3.7.03, pp12-14.

Eastman, Colin, 1993, 'Making an impact', (environmental impact of roads), Surveyor 17.6.93.
Eastman, Colin & Baker, Gordon, 1994, 'Thresholds of an impact on traffic,' (on IHT Guidelines), Planning Week 2 (41), 13.10.94.
Eastman, Colin & Baker, Gordon, 1994, 'Traffic impact guidelines aim to streamline control' (on IHT Guidelines), Planning no. 1090, 14.10.94

Elliott, John, 2003, 'A Solution Looking for a Problem' (the proposed Transport for London new bridge over the River Thames between the A406 North Circular Road and the A206 in Thamesmead), Transport 2000, London (free); available from sales@transport2000.org.uk

Emmerson, Garrett, 2005, 'Transport policy under the greenhouse gas microscope', Local Transport Today 419, 9 June, p17

Energy Efficiency Best Practice Programme, 2002, 'The Good practice Guide GPG 318: Transport and Environmental Management Systems', available from the Environment and Energy Helpline, tel. (0800) 585794, http://www.energy-efficiency.gov.uk/transport

Energy Technology Support Group, 1992, 'Research and Technology Strategy to Help Overcome Environmental Problems in Relation to Transport;, Final Report, Study Group no. 2, UK Atomic Energy Authority, Harwell Laboratory.

English Nature publications available from EN Enquiries Services, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA,
tel. (01733) 455100, fax. (01733) 455103, email: enquiries@english-nature.org.uk or from Telelink,
PO Box 100, Fareham PO15 2SX, tel. (01329) 331300, email: reception@telelink.co.uk:
- see also Annual Reports, 1991-
'Roads and Nature Conservation - Guidance on impacts, mitigation and enhancement', 1994. ISBN 1 85716 134 3.
'Nature's Place' (A Newsletter for Local Authorities), Transport Special, March 1999.

Enquete-Kommission Klima, 1994, 'Mobiltaet und Klima' (Mobility and Climate), Economica Verlag, Bonn

Environment Agency, 2003, 'Position Statement: Reducing the environmental impacts of transport', EA, Bristol, at
http://environment-agency.gov.uk/aboutus/512398/289428/655143/?version=1&lang=_e

Epstein, Paul & Rogers, Christine, 2004, 'Inside the greenhouse: The impacts of C02 and climate change on public health in tthe inner city', Center for Health and Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, http://www.resultsforamerica.org/calendar/files/Bigreportwithpics.pdf

ETSU, 1995, 'Energy Use and Emissions from Public Transport Modes in Greater Manchester', Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive, Manchester.

European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT), Paris:
'Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Transport', 1997, available from tel. +33 1 4524 9742.
'Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Transport Sector', Agency Publications, TSO, London, February 1998.
'Transports urbains durables: la mise-en-oeuvre des polityiques' (Sustainable urban transport: implementing policies), 2002.
'Transports urbains durables: messages-cles pour les gouvernment: recommendations' (Sustainable urban transport: key messages for governments and recommendations), 2002.
'Review of C02 abatement policies for the transport sector', 2006.

European Conference of the Ministers of Transport (ECMT) Resolutions:-
No. 66 On Transport and the Environment
No. 98/1 On the Policy Approach to Internalising the External Costs of Transport

European Environmental Agency (EEA), Kongens Nytorv 6, DK-1050 Copenhagen,
fax +45 33367100, email: info@eea.dk :
- website: http://www.eea.eu.int
'Environment in the European Union', Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, L-2895 Luxembourg.
'Progress Report', (?exact title), 1999, at:- http://www.eea.int.eu/document/3-yearly/eu98/index.html
'Greenhouse Gas Emission Trends And Projections In Europe 2003', December 2003.
'Ten key transport and environment issues for policy-makers', EEA Report, October 2004, http://reports.eea.eu.int/TERM2004/en

European Federation for Transport and the Environment (T&E), Brussels
- website: http://www.t-e.nu
'Air Pollution by Air Traffic: overview of problems and possible solutions, T&E 93/14, Brussels, 1993.
'Aviation and its impact on the environment', T & E 99/10, 1999.
'Noise in Europe: A briefing from the NGO community', October 2000, available from http://www.t-e.nu
'Air Pollution from Ships', briefing document by 5 NGOs, 2005, http://www.t-en.nu

Eurostat (EU Statistical Office), Jean Monnet Building, L-2920 Luxembourg,
'Road transport and the environment in the European Union', 1995.
'Road transport and the environment: energy and fiscal aspects', 1996.

Feature, 2005, ‘Transportation Solutions, Moving the Movement: Race, Poverty, and the Environment, Urban Habitat, Winter, http://urbanhabitat.rpejournal.org/moving

Feitelson, E & Verhoef, E.J, 2001, 'Transport and environment: in search of sustainable solutions', Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Gloucefstershire.

Fergusson, Malcolm, & Taylor, David,?, 'Company car taxation: the transport and environment dimensions', available from Steve Atkins, LT Planning, 55 Broadway, London SW1H OBD.

Filho, J.M.A.; Lenzi, A; Zannin, P.H.T., 2004, 'Effects of traffic composition on road noise: a case study [rapid communication]', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, ISSN: 1361-9209, 9 (1), January, pp75-80, :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S1361920903000737&_version=1&md5=75f2ce6c273ebb423f721e04c36fbc0a
Foley & Fergusson, 2003, 'Putting the Brakes on Climate Change', Institute for Public Policy Research, London.

Forman, R.T.T & Alexander, L.E, 1996, 'Roads and their major ecological effects', Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic 29, pp207-231

Foster, J.R & Coles, R.A.R, 2001, 'Acoustic Evaluation of Tram Noise', MRC Institute of Housing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.

Freund, Peter & Martin, George, 1993, 'The Ecology and the Automobile', Black Rose Books, Canada.

Friends of the Earth (FOE), London
- website: http://www.foe.org.uk:
'From Cradle to Grave,' (campaigning against road schemes),1992.
'Roads to ruin' (Trunk Road proposal threats), 1994.
'Saving wildlife sites', 1995.
'Growth Scenarios for EU and UK Aviation: Contradictions with Climate Policy', May 2005,
http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/reports/aviation_tyndall_research.pdf

GLE, 2002, 'Crossrail 1 Eastern Extension Impact Assessment: Royal Docks Crossrail Group', July, available from Natalie Pin, tel. (020) 7908 3202.

Greater London Authority (GLA), London
- website: http://www.london.gov.uk/
'Climate Change and London's Transport Systems', October 2005, http://www.london.gov.uk/climatechangepartnership/docs/climatetransportsept05...

Greenpeace, 1992, 'The Environmental Impact of the Car', Greenpeace.

Haq, Gary & Bailey, Peter, 1999, 'Scenarios for Transboundary Air Pollutants from the Transport Sector in Europe', World Transport Policy and Practice (Lancaster UK, ISBN 1352 7614), 5 (2).

Halcrow for the Department for Transport, 2002, 'Air Quality Appraisal' (of a possible extra runway at Heathrow airport), DfT publications, tel. (0845) 100 5544, September.

Hayashi, Yoshitsugu et al., 1999, 'Environment and Transport', Environmental Analysis and Economic Policy Series 4, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire..

Hensher, D, A & Button, K.J, (eds.), 2003, 'Handbook of Transport and the Environment', Elsevier, ISBN: 0-08-044103-3

Highways Agency, London, tel. (020) 7921 4070 / 4998 / (08457) 504300:
- website: http://www.highways.gov.uk
'Design Manual for roads and bridges. Volume 5: Assessment and preparation of road schemes', 1994.
'Urban Tree Planting', 1996.
'The Highways Agency's Tookit - Towards a Balanced Transport System', 1997.
'Towards a balance with nature' (environment plan), available from Simon Price at the Highways Agency, 1999.
'Encouraging Sustainable Travel', September 2000. Pamphlet HE152.E5.E6
'Strategic Roads 2010: Highways Agency 10 year National Roads Strategy', free, November 2000.
'A Targeted Programme of Improvements: Highways Agency Strategic Plan for Improving the Network', March 2001.
'Report of the Highways Agency working groups to review the standards for the provision of nearside safety fences on major roads', February 2002, http://www.highways.gov.uk/info/techninfo/reviews_safety_fences._feb_02
'Project Appraisal Report', March 2002, and at http://www.planning.haynet.com
'Biodiversity action plan', March 2002.

*Hillman, Mayer with Fawcett, Tina, 2004, 'Saving the planet - An Urgent Call to Arms', Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex. ISBN 0 141016922 (HD9502.H4)

Hitchcock, Guy, 2004, 'Delivering the goods' (the Bristol Urban Consolidation Scheme and reducing the impact of freight in cities), Surveyor, 191 (5799), 30.9.04, pp14-16

Hughes, Aidan, 1994, 'Traffic', in Morris, Peter & Therivel, Riki, 'Methods of environmental impact assessment', UCL Press, London.

Infras/IWW,Infras Zurich/IWW, University of Karlsruhe
'External costs of transport (accident, environmental and congestion costs) in Western Europe, 2000.
'External Costs of Transport Update Study', the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies and the
International Union of Railways, October 2004, http://www.cer.be/files/INFRAS%20Study_EN-144344A.pdf.

Institution of Civil Engineers, 1995, 'Transport and the Environment - The Way Forward', ICE, London SW1

Institution of Highways and Transportation (IHT), London, tel. (020) 7391 9958:
'Transport and the Environment, 1993.
'Guidelines for Traffic Impact Assessment', 1994. HE 336.E6.G8.
'Road Transport, the Environment and Sustainable Development', October 1996.
'Guidelines for the environmental management of highways', 2001.
(IHT with the Freight Transport Association), 'Moving Freight: how to balance economy and environment', 2005.

Institute of Environmental Assessment, 1993, 'Guidelines on the Environmental Assessment of Road Traffic', IEA, Holbeck Manor, Horncastle, Lincolnshire. Oversize HE336.E6.I6

International Union of Railways, 2000, 'The Way to Sustainable Mobility - Cutting the External Costs of Transport', UIC, Paris.

James, E, 2002, 'A review of community severance methodolgiies', TRL Innovations Fund research report (unbpublished), TRL, Crowthorne, Berkshire.

Jonsson, Daniel K.; Johansson, Jessica, 2005, 'Indirect Effects to Include in Strategic Environmental Assessments of Transport Infrastructure Investments', Transport Reviews 26 (2), March, p151,
http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=G450327431G0W054

Kageson, Per, 2000, 'Cost-effectiveness of measures for reducing the environmental impact from buses and official cars in Stockholm, Gothernburg and Malmo', (Taylor & Francis Ltd) Transport Reviews 20 (4), pp435-436.

Kemp, Roger, 2004, 'Environmental impact of high speed rail', Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, and at http://www.engineering.lancs.ac.uk/research/repaperssearch_result.asp?Author=Kemp

King, David, 2006, ‘Decarbonising transport systems is essential if we are to tackle climate change’, Local Transport Today 435, 26.1.06, pp14-15

Klaeboe, R, 1992, 'Measuring the Environmental Impact of Road Traffic in Town Areas', paper to PTRC Summer Annual Meeting, Seminar B, pp81-88, PTRC, London.

Kwon, T.H, 2005, 'A scenario analysis of CO2 emission trends from car travel: Great Britain 2000-2030', Transport Policy 12 (2), March, pp175-184,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S0967070X05000053&_version=1&md5=4b8099371b1baa281ac0cf6c84a7ef58
Landor Publishing. London SE11
'Conference Papers: Effective Local Air Quality Management', 1995.
'Cleaner Fuels, Cleaner Fleets', 1996.
'Determining Monetary Values of Environmental Impacts', 1997.

Land Use Consultants, 1996, 'Channel Fixed Link: Environmental Appraisal of Alternative Proposals', (Department of Transport), HMSO, London.

Lane, B, 2000, 'Public understanding of the environmental impact of road transport', Public Understanding of Science 9 (2), pp165-174.

Ledbury, Matthew, 2006, ‘Looking to the long term: can major cuts in the carbon emissions of transport be achieved?’, Local Transport Today 435, 26.1.06, p9
Ledbury, Matthew, 2006, ‘Mapping various paths to a lower carbon motoring future', Local Transport Today 445, 15.6.06, p9

Levett, Roger & Hillman, Mayer, 2001, 'Rail subsidy - an environmental good?', Town and Country Planning 70 (5), June, pp166-167.

Litman, Todd, 19??, 'Reply to Critics of Transportation Costing; Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Canada
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Litman, Todd, 1999?, 'Pavement Busters' Guide', Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria BC
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Logistics Research Centre (School of Management, Heriot-Watt University), 2000, 'Vehicle utilisation and energy efficiency in the food supply chain', Logistics Research Centre, Heriott-Watt University, Edinburgh, tel. (0131) 451 3850, January

London Climate Change Partnership, 2005, 'Climate change and London's transport systems', at: http://www.london.gov.uk/climatechangepartnership/docs/climatetransportsept05.pdf

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Michaelis, L & Davidson, O, 1996, 'GHG mitigation in the transport sector', Energy Policy 24 (10/11), pp969-984.

Ministry of Transportation and Highways Planning and Policy Branch, 1996?, 'Monetization of the Environmental Impact of Roads', MTH, 940 Blanchard St., Victoria BC V8W 3E6, http://www.th.gov.bc.ca/bchighways

Morris, Peter & Therivel, Riki, 2001, 'Methods of Environmental Assessment', Spon Press, London. ISBN 1841420123 (pb), (OFL on 5.4.01)

National Centre for Risk Analysis, 1997, 'Options Appraisal: Road Transport and the Environment', NCRAOA, London.

National Society for Clean Air, 1999, 'Low Emission Zones: Reducing the Environmental Impact of vehicles in urban areas', NSCA, Brighton, July. (OFL)

National Resources Defense Council, 1996, 'Flying off Course: Environmental Impacts of America's Airports', NRDC, Washington DC.

Newman, Peter & Kenworthy, J., 1989, 'Cities and Automobile Dependence', Gower, Aldershot, Hampshire.
*Newman, Peter & Kenworthy, Jeffrey, 1999, 'Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence' (Chapter 4), Island Press, Washington DC & Covelo, California / Earthscan, London. ISBN 1 55963 660 2. (HE152.6.E6.N4)

Newton, P.H, (ed), 1997, 'Reshaping Cities for a More Sustainable Future - Exploring the Link between Urban Form, Air Quality, Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions', Research Monograph 6, Australian Housing and Research Institute, Melbourne.

NFP41, 2001, 'Report on Swiss national research project 41 on transport and the environment' (in German and French; summaries in English), http://www.nfp41.ch

NHS Executive in London with the Greater London Authority, 2000, 'On the Move' (Transport-related pollution in London), NHS Executive in London with the Greater London Authority, see: http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/newsid_968000/968598.stm

Nieuwenhuis, Peter & Wells, Peter, (eds.), 1994, 'Motor Vehicles in the Environment: Principles and Practice', Belhaven Press, London & Chichester, Sussex.
Nieuwenhuis, Peter & Wells, Peter, (eds.), 1997, 'Car-Making and Automobility in the 21st Century', John Wiley, Chichester, Sussex.
Nieuwenhuis, Peter & Wells, Peter, 2003, 'The automotive industry and the environment: a technical, business and social future', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN1 85573 713

Nijkamp, Peter & Blaas, E, 1994, 'Impact Analysis and Decision Support in Transportation Planning', Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Nuthall, Keith, 1999, 'Green Screen' (EU and impact of transport on the environment), Surveyor, 18.11.99.

Office of National Statistics (ONS)
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'Results of the Office of National Statistics' Omnibus Survey: May 2005 (survey of environment and climate in relation to transport)', January 2006.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1979, 'Report of the seminar on urban transport and the environment', OECD, Paris.

Oxford Economic Research Associates (OXERA), Oxford.
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'The wider impacts of rail and road transport'', The Railway Forum, London, 2000.

Pearce, David, 1995, 'Blueprint 5', Earthscan, London.

Peirson, John & Vickerman, Roger, 1998, 'The Environment, Efficient Pricing and Investment in Europe', Chapter 7 in 'Transport Policy and the Environment' (editor: David Banister), E & FN Spon, London. HE243.T7.

Penner, Joyce E.; Lister, David H; Griggs, David J,; Dokken, David J & McFarland, Mack, 1999, 'Aviation and the Global Atmosphere', Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Oversize GC882.AVI

Potter, S & Enoch, M, 1997, 'Regulating transport's environmental impacts in a deregulating world', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and the Environment, 2, pp271-282

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Railfuture (former Railway Development Society),
Room 207, The Colourworks, 2 Abbot Street, London E8 3DP, tel. (020) 7249 5533, fax. (020) 7254 6777
- website: http://www.railfuture.org.uk
- publications from Railfuture Sales, 113b Pembroke Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 3EU,
fax. (0117) 973 4274, email: rdsbookslaes@lineone.net
'Rail and the environment' (factsheet), ?2001.

Rail Regulator, 1996, 'Railway Operations and the Environment - Environmental Guidance', ORR, London EC1.

Rothengatter, Werner & Mauch, Samuel, 1995, 'External effects of transport', UIC, available from fax +33 1 4449 2029.

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP):
'18th Report: Transport and the Environment,' Cm 2674, HMSO, October 1994.
'20th Report: Transport and the Environment: Developments since 1994', TSO, September 1997.

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL,
tel. (01767) 680551, fax. (01767) 692365
- website: http://www.rspb.org.uk
'Transport and Biodiversity', 1994.
'Braaking point', (response to Dr. Brian Mawhinney's Great Debate), 1995.
'Economic Impact of Motorways in the Peripheral Regions of the EU', PR27/L77, November 1996.
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Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI) / TPS Transport Planning Network & RTPI Urban Design Network, 2005, 'Report of event held in Poundbury, Dorset in September: Highways: a positive contributor to the street scene and rural landscape', http://www.rtpi.org.uk/resources/news-in-planning/2005/q4/rtpi-news1645.pdf

Samson, Tom, et al, 1998, ‘Surface transport costs and charges UK’, 1998: ITS / AEA Technology,
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Schipper, L & Marie-Lilliu, C, 1999, 'Transportation and C02 Emissions: Flexing the link - A Path for the World Bank', Environmental Department Paper no. 69, World Bank, Washington DC, http://www.worldbank.org/cleanair/global/publications/transport_pubs.htm

Scholl, L; Schopper, L & Kiang, N, 1996, 'CO2 emissions from passenger transport - a comparison of international trends from 1973 to 1992', Energy Policy 24 (1), pp17-30.

SERA & the Campaign to Protect Rural England, 2003, 'Runaway costs', SERA, London, September, http://www.serauk.org.uk/pols.htm

Sheate, William R, 1995, 'Transport Policy: a critical role for strategic environmental assessment', World Transport Policy and Practice 1 (4), (and available on the WTPP website).

SNF Göteborg, 1997, 'Environmental Criteria for Sustainable Transport', SNF, Göteborg (Gothenburg), fax. +46 31711 6430.

South East Wildlife Trusts, 1990, 'Head-on Collision: Road Building and Wildlife in South-East England', SEWT.

Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment (SACTRA);
reports available from (HMSO) / The Stationery Office, London:
'Trunk Road Proposals: A Comprehensive Framework for Appraisal', 1979.
'Urban Road Appraisal', 1986.
'Assessing the Environmental Impact of Raod Schemes', 1992.
'Trunk Roads and the Generation of Traffic', 1994.

Stead, Dominic, 1998, 'Driving Environmental Concerns into Transport Policy', Town and Country Planning 67 (2), March.

Steer Davies Gleave, 1996, 'State of the Art on Strategic Environmental Assessment for Transport Infrastructure', Steer Davies Gleave, London,

Stokes, Gordon, 1991, 'The effects of current trends in trarnsport on the countryside in Great Britain', ref. 679, Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford.

Sustrans, 1998, 'The Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Cycle Network', Sustrans, Bristol (OFL).

Tate, F.N, ?, 'Social severance', Transport New Zealand Research Report 80,

Taylor, David & Fergusson, Malcolm, 1999, 'The comparative pollution exposure of road users - a summary', World Transport Policy and Practice (53 Derwent Road, Lancaster LA1 3ES, UK.)

Teufel, D, 1991, 'Umweltwirkungen von Finanzinstrumenten im Verkehrsbereich' (Environmental effects of finance instruments in the area of traffic), Umwelt und Prognose Institut, Heidelberg.

TEST (Transport and Environmental Studies) publications (available from Transport 2000, London):
'Wrong Side of the Tracks? Impacts of Road and Rail Transport on the Environment: A Basis for discussion', 1991.
'An Environmental Approach to transport and Planning in Cardiff', 1992.

The Highways Agency, London
- website: http://www.highways.gov.uk
'Understanding non-motorised user attitudes', Halcrow Group & Social Research Attitudes for the HA, 2002.
'Access top transport/asccessibility and community effects', Halcrow Group & Social Research Attitudes for the HA, 2002.
'Non-motirised user design', Halcrow Group & Social Research Attitudes for the HA, 2002.
'Non-motorised user audit', Halcrow Group & Social Research Attitudes for the HA, 2002.

The Railway Forum, 2000, 'The wide impacts of rail and road investment', The Railway Forum, London, tel. (020) 7259, April (OFL on 14.4.00)

The Scottish Executive, 2001, 'Scottish Transport Appraisal Guidance: A Draft Consultation Document', http://www.scotland.gov.uk/consultations/transport/stag-00.asp

The Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, 2003, 'Climate change: impacts, future scenarios and the role of transport', http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/working_papers/wp33.pdf

Therivel, Riki, 1998, 'Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Transport Sector', Chapter 3 in 'Transport Policy and the Environment' (Editor: David Banister), E & FN Spon, London. HE243.T7.

Thomas, Rik, 2004, 'Can SEAs make politicians take note of environmental impacts?', Local Transport Today 404, 4.11.04, pp12-13
Thomas, Rik, 2005, 'Can the Government beat climate change without tackling transport?', Local Transport Today 417, 12.5.05, pp12-15

Thomson, Angus, 1996, '30 years in the making' (Blackwater Valley route and wildlife), Surveyor 2.5.96.

Tinch, Robert, 1996, 'The value of Environmental Externalities', Transport Policy Unit, Department of Transport (former), London.

Transport 2000, 1991, 'Wrong Side of the Tracks? Impacts of road and rail transport on the environment', TEST Report no. 100, available from T2000, London.

Transport Canada, 1999, 'Transportation and Climate Change: Options for Action', Transport Canada, http://www.tc.ga.ca/envaffairs/english/climatechange/ttable

Transport for London, 2004, 'The Thames Gateway Bridge Environmental Statement', August, and at http:///www.PlanningResource.co.uk

Transport for London Corporate Affairs, tel. (020) 7941 4556:
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Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) publications available from the TRL,
Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA
tel. (01344) 773161, fax. (01344) 770356, email: enquiries@trl.co.uk
- website: http://www.trl.co.uk
see also entries under individual authors:
'The Environmental Assessment of Traffic Management Schemes: A literature review', TRL Report 174, 1996.
'Estimating the total and current environmental impact of the road programme', 1997. Oversize HE243.B2
'Mitigation of the effects of road construction on sites of high ecological interest', TRL 375, April 1999.
TRL Current Topics in Transport series CT50.1 'Transport pollution and health update 1994/98', 1998.
TRL Current Topics in Transport series CT53.1 'Environmental Impact Assessment Studies Impact', 1998.
The impacts of traffic-calming measures on vehicle exhaust emissions', TRL report 482, 2001.
'A study on the cost of transport in the EU in order to estimate and assess the marginal costs of the use of transport;, commissioned by the European Commission Directorate-General for Energy and Transport', 2001.

Transportation Research Board (TRB) Special Reports, available from TRB, Washington DC:
no.251: 'Toward a Sustainable future: Addressing the Long-Term Effects of Motor Vehicle Transportation on Climate and Ecology', 1998.

Trewheek, J.R. et al., 1993, 'Ecological assessment of proposed road design; a review of Environmental Assessments,' Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 31, pp.295-302.

Trolle, Sebastien, ?, 'Les Poisons due Ciel', (The poisons of the sky) (outlines the situation facing the residents of Roissy-Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris), http://advocnar.free.fr

Tromans, S, 1991, 'Roads to prosperity or roads to ruin? Transport and the Environment in England and Wales', Journal of Environmental Law 3, pp1-37.

Ubbels, B;. Rietveld, P & Peeters, P, 2002, 'Environmental effects of a kilometre charge in road transport: an investigation for the Netherlands', (Elsevier Science) Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, ISSN : 1361-9209, 7 (4), June, pp 255-264
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UIC, 'External Costs of Transport: accident, environmental and congestion costs in Western Europe', UIC, Paris, 2000, fax. +33 1 4449 2029, €200 - summary at http://www.uic.asso.fr (click on 'Environment')

Umwelt Prognose Institut (UPI), 1999, 'Oeko-bilanz von Farhzeugen' (eco-account of the life of a car), UPI Bericht Nr. 25, 6 Auflage, UPI, Landstrasse 118a, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany.

US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (USEPA), 1996, 'Indicators of the Environmental Impact of Transportation', USEPA, Washington DC.

van Bohemen, H.D, 2005, 'Ecological Engineering and Civil Engineering Works: A Practical Set Of Ecological Engineering Principles For Road Infrastructure
and Coastal Management', Delft University of Technology, Road and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, The Netherlands , http://www.library.tudelft.nl/dissertations/PDF-files_2004/ceg_bohemen_20040518.pdf

van Wee, B;. van den Brink, R; Nijland, H, 2003, 'Environmental impacts of high-speed rail links in cost-benefit analyses: a case study of the Dutch Zuider Zee line', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 8 (4), July, pp299-314
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Venn, Andrea, 2002, 'Living Near a Main Road and the Risk of Wheezing Illness in Children', American Journal of Respitatory and Critical Care Medicine, http://www.atsjournals.org

Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD), 2001, 'Bus, Bahn und PKW im Umweltvergelich' (Bus, Rail and Car: Environment Comparisons), VCD, Bonn, fax. +49 228 985 8510.

Verkehrsclub Österreich (VCOe) (Austrian Traffic Club) publications available from
VCÖ, Vienna, Austria, fax. +43 1 893 2431, email: Vcoe@vcoe.at
- website: http://www.vco.at
'Flugverkehrs - Wachstum auf Kosten der Umwelt' (Air traffic; Growth at the expense of the environment, VCD/VCOe/VCS, Reihe "Wissenschaft und Verkehr', Art Nr. 2302, 1997.
'Klimafaktor Verkehr - Wege zur klimavertraeglichen Mobilitaet' (The Impact of Transport on Climate - towards climate-friendly mobility), 2001.
'Verkehr bedroht unser Trinkwasser' (Transport threatens our drinking water), 2001
'Efficient freight transport: benefits for the economy and the environment', 2005.

Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 1250 Rudlin St., Victoria BC, V8V 3R7, Canada, tel and fax. 001 250 360 1560, email: litman@islandnet.com website: http://www.islandnet.com/~litman (includes many VTPI reports), ?1999, 'Pavement Busters Guide' (environmental impact of roads and parking facilities). VTPI, Victoria BC, 1999?

Wardman, M; Bristow, A.L, 2004, 'Traffic related noise and air quality valuations: evidence from stated preference residential choice models', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, ISSN: 1361-9209, 9 (1), January, pp1-27
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Whitelegg, John, et al., 1992, 'Traffic Congestion: is there a way out?', Leading Edge Publishers.
*Whitelegg, John, 1993, 'Transport for a Sustainable Future: the case for Europe', Belhaven Press, London.
Whitelegg, John; Hulten S & Flink, T, 1993, 'High Speed Trains: Fast Tracks to the Future', Leading Edge Press, Hawes, North Yorkshire (OFL on 12.2.01)
Whitelegg, John, 1994, 'Driven to Destruction' (impact of future road traffic), Greenpeace, London.
*Whitelegg, John, 1996, 'Critical Mass: Transport, Environment and Equity in the 21st Century', Pluto Press. (HE152.6.E6.W4)
Whitelegg, John, 1999, 'Dirty from Cradle to Grave', Environmental Research Unit, Lancaster University, Lancaster.

Whitelegg, John & Haq, Gary, 2003, 'The Earthscan Reader in World Transport Policy and Practice', Earthscan, London (HE243.E2).

Wildlife Trusts, 1994, 'Head on Collision' (national impact of road construction), Wildlife Trusts (formerly Royal Society for Nature Conservation), Lincoln

Wilhelmsson, Mats, 2000, 'The Impact of Traffic Noise on the Values of Single-family Houses', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management (Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group), 43 (6), pp799-815.

World Conference on Transport Research Society, World Conference on Transport Research Society, Lyon, France; Institute for Transport Policy Studies , Institute for Transport Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan (editors), 2004, 'Urban Transport and the Environment: An International Perspective', Elsevier, ISBN: 0-08-044512-8

World Health Organisation (WHO);
catalogue of publications on the web at: http://www.who.int.dsa/
'Charter on Transport, Environment and Health', EUR/ICP/EHCO 0202 05/9, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, June 1999 and at http://www.who.dk/london99/transporte.htm

World Resources Institute, 199??, 'The Going Rate: the US Office of Technology Assessment's Saving Energy in US Transportation',