ST29. TRANSPORT & HEALTH
(updated: June 30, 2006 )

OFL = ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates most useful and/or up to date references

AARP, the American College of Sports Medicine, the American Geriatrics Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The National Institute on Aging, and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2001, 'The National Blueprint: Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 50 and Older', at
http://www.rwjf.org/rw_publications_and_links/publicationsPdfs/Age50_Blueprint_singlepages.pdf

Abbott, et al, 2004, 'Walking and Dementia in Physically Capable Elderly Men:', The Journal of the American Medical Association 292, and at http://www.activetravel.org.uk

Abu Omar, 2004, 'Mental health and physical activity in the European Union', Sozial-Und-Praventivmedizin, 49 (5).

Activity and Health Research, 1992, 'Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey', Health Education Authoriuty, London..

Adams, John, 1999, 'The Social Implications of Hypermobility', free from the OECD, 2 Rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris, Cedex 16, December (OFL on 16.12.99)

Ainsworth, B.E; Haskell, W.L; Leon, A.S; Jacobs, D.R Jr; Montoye, H.J; Sallis, J.F & Paffenbarger, R.S, Jr, 1993, 'Compendium of physical activities, classification of energy costs of human physical activities', Medical Science Sports Exercise 25 (1), pp71-80

Allied Dunbar, Health Education Authority & Sports Council, 1992, 'National Fitness Survey', Sport England Mail Order Enquiry Line, tel. (0990) 210255

Andersen, Lars Bo; Schnohr, Peter; Schroll, Marianne & Hein, Hans Ole, 2000, 'All-Cause Mortality Associated With Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work', Journal of the American Medicine Association, (160) 11, 12 June.
Andersen, Lars Bo; Schnohr, Peter; Schroll, Marianne & Hein, Hans Ole, 2000, 'All-Cause Mortality Associated With Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work', Archives of Internal Medicine 160 (11), June, pp1621-1628, http://archinte.ama-assn.org/issues/v160n11/toc.html & c.f. European Cyclists' Federation Bicycle Research Report no. 132, ECF, Brussels, October 2001.

Andersen, R.E; Wadden, T.A;' Bartlett, S.J; Zemel, B; Verde, T.J; Franckowiak, S.C, 1999, 'Effects of a lifestyle activity versus structured aerobic exercise in obese women: a randomized trial', Journal of the American Medical Association 281, pp335-340.

Andersen, Troels, 2002, 'Safe routes giving healthy children', Velo City '01 Conference, Edinburgh, Glasgow, September 2001, available on the Conference Proceedings CD, funded by the Scottish Executive and distributed by Spokes, Edinburgh, tel. +44 131 313 2114, email: spokes@spokes.org.uk ISBN 0 9507319 7 8 Y, £10.00 including postage & packing.

Anderson, .R; Limb, E.S; Bland, J.M; Ponce de Leon, A, Strachan, D.P; Bower, J.S, 1995, 'Health effects of an air pollution episode in London, December 1991, Thorax 1995, 50, pp1188-1193.

Anon, 1998, 'Inequalities in Health', Independent Inquiry intgo Inequalities in Health', TSO, London.
Anon, 2002, 'Urban residential environments and senior citizen's longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces', 56, pp913-918
Anon, 2005, 'Sexual Dysfunction and Bicycle Riding', Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS), a cross-sectional survey of 1709 free-living men in their 40s to 70s,
http://www.bumc.bu.edu/Departments/PageMain.asp?Page=6935&DepartmentID=371

Appleyard, D. & Lintell, M., ?, 'The environmental quality of city streets; the residents' viewpoint', American Institute of Planners' Journal 38, 1872, pp84-104.
Appleyard, D., 1991, 'Livable streets', University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Arhus Kommune, 1998, 'Cykelbus'ters I Arhus' (The Cycle-busters project in Arhus, Denmark), Arhus Kommune, September.

Armstrong, N et al, 1990, 'Patterns of Physical Activity among 11 to 16 year old British children', British Medical Journal 28.7.90, p203.

Ashcroft, Peter, 2003, 'The UK 'Walking the way to Health' Initiative, Chapter 53 in Tolley, Rodney (ed.). 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43 (HE152.6.E6.S8)

Ashden Trust, 1994, 'How vehicle pollution affects our health', Ashden Trust, London.

Ashley, A; Barlett, H & Howells, K, 1997, 'Evaluation of Sonning Common Health Walks Scheme', Oxford Centre for Health Care Research and Evaluation, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford.
Ashley, A; Bartlett, H; Lamb S & Steel, M, 1999, 'Evaluation of the Thames Valley Health Walks Scheme', Oxford Centre for Health Care Research and Evaluation, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford.

Association for Public Health, 1995, 'Transport and Health: the next move,' Association of Public Health, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London WC1H 9TX.

Audit Commission, publications, tel. (0800) 502030:
- website: http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/publications/
'Review of Statutory Transport Services (ie Home to School, Patient Transport Services and Social Services transport), December 2001, http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/publications/goingplaces.shtml
'Going places: taking people to and from education, social services and healthcare', ISBN: 1-86240-329-5, November 2001.

Bannon, Colin & Costello, Alex, 1997, 'Transport and Health - a biomedical perspective', World Transport Policy and Practice 3 (4).

Barton, Hugh & Tsourou, Catherine, 2000, 'Healthy Urban Living', published on behalf of the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe by Spon Press, London GF1750.BAR

Batty, D; Thune, I, 2000, 'Does physical exercise prevent cancer?', British Medical Journal (BMJ), 321, pp1424-1425

Baum, F, 1990, 'The new public health: force for change or reaction?', Health Promotion International 5 (2), pp145-150

Bell, Ge & Popkin, 2002, 'The road to besity or the path to prevention: Motorised transportation and obesity in China', Obesity Research 10 (4).

Bell, Steve, 1998, 'Level Walking and Health', Countryside Recreation 6 (2), Summer.

Bell et al, 2002, 'The health of men in Chinese households who acquired a car between 1989 and 1997' (?exact title), Obesity Research, (10) 277-83

Berlin, J.A; Colditz, G.A, 1990, 'A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease', American Journal of Epidemiology 132, pp612-628.

Bicycle Association & Cyclists' Public Affairs Group, 1995, 'Bike for Your Life', BA & CPAG, London.

Biddle, S.J.H; Sallis, J.F & Cavill, N.A (eds), 1998, 'Young and active? Young people and health-enhancing physical actvity: Evidence and Implications', Health Education Authority, London.

Biddle, S.J.H, 2000, 'Emotion, mood and physical activity', in Biddle, S.J.H, Fox, K.R & Boutcher, S.H, (eds.), 2000, 'Physical activity and psychological well-being', Routledge, London, pp63-87

Bird, W, 2004, 'Natural Fit - Can Greenspace and Biodiversity Increase Levels of Physical Activity?', Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire.

Blair, S.N., Kohl, H.W., Paffenbarger, R.S., Clark, D.G., Cooper, K.H. & Gibbons, L.W., 1989, 'Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. JAMA, vol 262, pp2395- 2401.
Blair, S.N; Kampert, J.B; Kohl III, H.W; Barlow, C.E; Macera, C.A; Paffenbarger, R.S.J & Giddons, L.W, 1996, 'Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women', Journal of athe American Medical Association 276 (3), pp205-210.
Blair, S.N et al, 1995, 'Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men', Journal of the American Medical Association 12 (273), pp1093-1098
Blair, S.N; Brodney, S, 1999, 'Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortaility: current evidence and research issues', Medicine Science Sports Exercise 31, pp646-662.

Blanning, A, et al, 1996, 'Effects of submaximal cycling and long term endurance training on neutrophil phagicytic activity in middle aged men', British Journal of Sports Medicine 30, pp125-129.

Bloomfield, A, 2000, 'Cycling: your health, the public's health and the planet's health', New Zealand Cycling Symposium, 14-15 July.

Bostock, L, 2001, 'Pathways of disadvantage? Walking as a mode of transport among low-income mothers', Health and Social Care in the Community, 9 (1), pp11-18.

Bouchard, Claude, 2000, 'Physical Activity and Obesity', ?, ISBN 08801 19098

Boyd, Howard; Hillman, Mayer; Nevill; Pearce, L & Tuxworth, B, 1998, 'Health related effects of regular cycling on a sample of previous non-exercisers', Bike for Your Life Project & CTC, Godalming, Surrey.
Boyd, Howard, et al., 1999, 'Promoting Cycling as a Way to a Healthier Life', Proceedings of the Velo-City '99 Conference held in Graz, Austria, and Maribor, Slovenia, April.

Bradshaw, Ruth et al, 1998, 'Levels of activity relating to safer routes to school projects and green transport plans', University of Westminster Transport Stucdies Group, London.

Briazgounov, 1988, 'The role of physical acitivity in the prevention and treatment of noncommunicable diseases', World Health Statistics Quarterly 41.

British Heart Foundation (BHF), Loughborough, tel. (01509) 228263
- website: http://bhf.org.uk
(BHF & the Countryside Commission (former; part of the Countryside Agency since April 1999), 'Practical Guidelines for developing Walking for Health Schemes', available from The Countryside Agency Publications, Northampton, 1999.
'Coronary heart disease statistics', Health Promotion Research Group, 2002.
'Workplace Health Activity Toolkit', 2003.

British Lung Foundation, 1998, 'Transport and Pollution: The Health Costs', BLF, 78 Hatton Gardens, London EC1 8JR.

British Medical Association (BMA), tel. (020) 7918 4449
- British Medical Journal on the web at http://www.bmj.com/
(editor: Mayer Hillman), 'Cycling; towards Safety and Health,' Oxford University Press, 1992, and available from the BMJ Bookshop, London.
*'Road Transport and Health', September 1997. Greenfield Medical Library: WA275.BRI
*'Health and Environmental Impact Assessment: an Integrated Approach', 1998. London. George Green Library QH936.BRI
'Cycle Helmets', June 1999; summary available on the BMA website at http://www.bma.org.uk

Britton et al, 2000, 'Monitoring the progress of the 2010 target for coronary heart disease mortality', National Heart Forum.

Brownson, R et al, 1995, 'Environmental and policy interventions to Cointrol Tobacco Use and Prevent Cardiovascular Disease', Health Education Quarterly 22 (4), pp478-498
Brownson, R.C; Baker, E.A; Housemann, R.A; Brenna, L.K & Bacak, S.J, 2001, 'Environmental and policy determinants of physical activity in the United States', American Journal of Public Health 91 (12), pp1995-2003.

Bunde, Jørgen, 1995a: 'The BikeBust'ters from Aarhus, Denmark', European Cycling Federation Cities for Cyclists' Project Annual General Meeting, Winterthur, Switzerland, September 1995 (Papers available from ADFC, Bremen).
Bunde, Jørgen, 1995b: 'The BikeBust'ters from Aarhus, Denmark', Report of Proceedings, Velo-City '95 Conference, Basle, Switzerland, September 1995 (edited by Max Gerecke), available from IG-Velo, P.O. Box 105, CH-4011, Basel.
Bunde, Jørgen, 1997, 'The BikeBus'ters from Arhus, Denmark: We''ll Park Our Cars for 200 years..', in Tolley, Rodney (ed), 1997, 'The Greening of Urban Transport: Planning for Walking and Cycling in Western Cities', (second edition) John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Sussex. (HE152.6.E6.S8)

Burke, E, 1981, 'Ulnar neuropathy in bicyclists', Physician and Sports Medicine 9 (4), pp52-54
Burke, 1992, 'Cycling Health and Physiology', Vitesse Press. ISBN 0 941950 25 5.

Byrne, A & Bryne, D, 1993, 'The effects of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: a review', Journal of Psychomatic Research 37, pp565-574.

Cairns, Sally, 1999, 'Walking back to Healthiness', Town and Country Planning 68 (4), April.
Cairns, Sally, 1999, 'Moving towards well-being' (growing recognition of health impacts within the transport agenda), Town and Country Planning, September.

Cale, L & Almond, L, 1992, 'Physical activity levels of secondary schoolchildren: a review', Health Education Journal 51, pp192-197.

Calnan, M, 1987, 'Health and Illness: the Lay Perspective', Tavistock, London.

Cancer Research UK Race for Life & Tesco, 2003, 'Womens' health and physical activity', (?exact title), http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/press/pressreleases/42440

Carnacho, T.C; Roberts, R.E; Lazarus, N.B; Kaplan, G.A & Cohen, R.D, 1991, 'Physical activity and depression: Evidence from the Alameda county study', american Journal of Epidemiology 134, pp220-231

Carnall D., 2000, 'Cycling and health promotion', BMJ (British Medical Journal) 320 (7239), pp888-889.

Caspersen, C.J; Powell, K.E & Christensen, G, 1985, 'Physical activity, exercise and physical fitnesss, defintions and distinctions of health-related research', Public Health Reports 100, pp126-131.

Cavill, Nick, 2002, 'Walking and health: making the links', World Transport Policy & Practice, 7 (4), February, available free of charge as Adobe Acrobat(TM) PDF files at: http://www.ecoplan.org/wtpp/wt_index.htm
Cavill, Nick & Davis, Adrian, 2003, 'Cycling and Health: A Briefing Paper for the Regional Cycling Development Team', Commissioned by AEA Technology, Harwell, Oxfordshire,
http://www.nationalcyclingstrategy.org.uk/assets/NCS_topics/cycling%20and%20health%20final%20draft.pdf
Cavill, 2003, 'The potential of non-motorised transport for promoting health', Chapter 11 in Tolley, Rodney (ed.). 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43 (HE152.6.E6.S8)
Cavill, Nick; Rutter, H & Hill, A, 2004, 'A survey of Directors of Public Health on cycling policies and programmes', http://www.nationalcyclingstrategy.org.uk
Cavill, Nick & Tierney, I, 2005, 'Cycling referral: guide', Cycling Projects, Manchester.

Center for the Advancement of Health, 2000, 'Facing the Obesity Epidemic: Developing Strategies for Weight Control', Facts of Life: Issue Briefings for Health Reports 6 (7), November, http://www.cfah.org/factsoflife/vol6no7.cfm

Center for Disease Control, 1996, 'Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General', Center for Disease Control, USA, and c.f. http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr

Centre for Sustainable Transportation / Centre pour un Transport Durable, Canada,
Suite 309, 15-6400 Millcrek Drive, Missisauga, Ontario, ON L5N 3E7,
tel. +1 905 858 9242. fax/ + 905 858 9291, email: transport@cstctd.org
- website: http://www.cstcd.org
'Creating Healthy Transportation For Children, 2005, all available at http://www.cstctd.org):
1.Child-and-Youth Friendly Land-Use and Transportation Guidelines
2. A six page booklet for Health and Recreation Professionals.
3. A six page booklet for Educators.
4..A six page booklet for Municipal Officials (elected and staff).
5. A four page booklet for Parents.

Coggins, Adrian, 1999, 'Physical activity and inequalities: a briefing paper', ?, Oversize HV688.07.C

Coghlan, A, 1991, 'Saddle-sore cyclists get a bum deal', New Scientist 21.9.91, p15

Colditz, G, 1999, 'Economic costs of obesity and inactivity', Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31 (suppl 11), S663-667.

Commision of the European Communities, Brussels:
'Development of Public Health Policy in the European Community' COM (98) 230, 1998.

Committee on Medical Aspects of Air Pollution (COMEAP) (Department of Health, London):
- website: http://www.doh.gov.uk.comeap.index.htm
'Health effects of exposures to mixtures of air pollutants', HMSO, 1995.
'Quantification of the Effects of Air Pollution on Health in the UK', (DH & DETR), TSO, January 1998.
'The health effects of long term exposure to particles' (from diesel engines), May 2001; http://www.news.corfnell.edu/releases/May01/roads.noise.kids.ssl.html
'Statement and report on long-term effects of particles on mortality', April 2001, ISBN: 0-11-322574-1
Evidence of the health effects of particle pollution' (?exact title), May 2001 and at http://www.doh.gov.uk.comeap.index.htm

Cope, Andy; Cairns, Sally; Fox, Ken; Lawlor, Debbie A; Lockie, Mary; Lumsdon, Les; Riddoch, Chris & Rosen, Paul, 2003, 'The UK National Cycle Network: an assessment of the benefits of a sustainable transport infrastructure', World Transport Policy & Practice 9 (1), available at http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/WTPPhome.html

Countryside Recreation Network, 2006, 'A countryside for health and well-being: The physical and mental health benefits of green exercise', Countryside Recreation Network, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, email: crn@shu.ac.uk

Craft, L.L & Landersw, D.M, 1998, 'The effect of activity on clinical depression and depression resulting from mental illness: A meta-analysis', Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 20, pp339-357.

Crawford, Fiona; Mutrie, Nanette; Blamey, Avril & Carney, Claire, 2000, 'Promoting active commuting - Success for walking but not for cycling' (in Australia), Paper presented at the Velo-Mondial Conference, Amsterdam, June, available on CD from Fietsersbond, Postbus 2828, NL-3500 GV Utrecht, Netherlands, tel. +31 30 291 8160, fax. +31 30 291 8188, email: ondersteuning@fietsersbond.nl €15 (including postage and packing).

Cummings, Alistair, 2000, 'One million students on bicycles: Bicycles for transportation and health in Texas', Paper presented at the Velo-Mondial Conference, Amsterdam, June, available on CD from Fietsersbond, Postbus 2828, NL-3500 GV Utrecht, Netherlands, tel. +31 30 291 8160, fax. +31 30 291 8188, email: ondersteuning@fietsersbond.nl €15 (including postage and packing).

Cyclists' Touring Club (CTC) (publications available from CTC, 69 Meadrow, Godalming, Surrey GU7 3HS,
tel. (01483) 417217, fax. (01483) 426994, email: cycling@ctc.org.uk
- website: http://www.ctc.org.uk :
(CTC & Earth Resources Research Ltd), 'Bikes not Fumes: The Emission and Health Benefits of a Shift from Motor Vehicles to Cycling,' 1992. 'Costing the Benefits; The Value of Cycling', 1993.
'More bikes: Policy into Best Practice', 1995.
'Reaping the benefits' (good cycle practice for hospitals)', 1997.

Dalen, Anders, 2002, 'Cycle for Life', Velo City '01 Conference, Edinburgh, Glasgow, September 2001, available on the Conference Proceedings CD, funded by the Scottish Executive and distributed by Spokes, Edinburgh, tel. +44 131 313 2114, email: spokes@spokes.org.uk ISBN 0 9507319 7 8 Y, £10.00 including postage & packing.

Daley & Parfitt, 1996, 'Good health - is it worth it?' Mood states, physical well-being, job satisfaction and absenteeism in members and non-members of a British corporate health and fitness club', Journal of Occupational & Organizational P:sychology 69 (2).

Danish Ecological Council, 2004, 'Diesel particles - a health hazard', Danish Ecological Council, at http://www.ecocouncil.dk

Dannenberg, A; Keller, J; Wilson, P & Castell, W, 1989, 'Leisure time physical activity in the Framingham Offspring study', American Journal of Epidemiology 129 (1), pp76-88

Davey-Smith et al, 2000, 'Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in the Whitehall study', Public Health 114 (5)

Davis, Adrian, 1992, 'Livable Streets and perceived accident risk: quality of life issues for residents and vulnerable road users', Traffic Engineering and Control 33, pp374-378.
Davis, Adrian, 1995, 'Transport as healthy public policy', Spring Issue, Health for All Network News, Liverpool.
Davis, Adrian, 1996, 'Developing 'Health Promoting' Transport Policies: the experience of three European cities', paper to the 30th Annual Social Policy Conference, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.
Davis, Adrian, 1997, 'Trust them: they're doctors' (BMA traffic reduction report), Town and Country Planning 66 (11), November.
Davis, Adrian, 1997, 'An 'insider' looking out: the politics of physical activity in England', in Sidell, M; Jones, L; Katz & Peberdy, A, (eds.), 1997, 'Debates and dilemmas in promoting health: A reader', Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire, pp284-293.
Davis, Adrian, 1997, 'Developing a new consensus for physical activity in England: evidence of the growing convergence of transport and public health policies', World Transport and Practice (Ecologica Ltd., 53 Derwent Road, Lancaster LA1 3ES), 3 (2), pp4-10.
Davis, Adrian, 199?, 'Reaping the Benefits: A Cycling and Health Resource Pack', Cyclists' Touring Club (CTC), Godalming, Surrey,
Davis, A, 1998, 'Towards effective targeting of employees in promoting environmentally friendly commuting: lessons from health psychology in promoting cycling', Aston University Conference on persuading firms to support enivronmentally friendly commuting', Aston University, Birmingham 18 March 1998.
Davis, Adrian, 1999, 'Active transport, a guide', Health Education Authority, London. Oversize HE5739.G7.D2
Davis, Adrian, 2000, 'Inequalities of health: road transport and pollution', in Gordon, D; Shaw, M; Dorling, D et al, 2000, 'Inequalities in health: the evidence', The Policy Press, Bristol.
Davis, Adrian, 2001, 'Rapid review of Health Improvement Programmes and their links with Local Transport Plans', unpublished report for the Health Development Agency, London.
Davis, Adrian, 2003, 'Health-conscious transport planning: barriers and opportunities to inter-sector collaboration', Chapter 31 in Tolley, Rodney (ed.), 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43. (HE152.6.E6.S8)
Davis, Adrian, 2005, 'Transport and health-what is the connection? An exploration of concepts of health held by highways committee Chairs in England', Transport Policy 12 (4), July, pp324-333:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S0967070X05000752&_version=1&md5=fc1bc967eb4d7e758c7f52cef69ab2b0
Davis, Adrian; Cavill, N; Rutter, N; Crombie, H, 2005, 'Making the case: Improving health through transport', Health Development Agency, London.
Davis, Adrian, 2006, ‘It’s time that the health impacts of transport policies and projects were properly scrutinised’, Local Transport Today 441, 20.4.06, p12

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), London (June 2001-)
- website: http://www.defra.gov.uk
Consultation on the Review of the Air Quality Strategy: Options for further improvements in air quality', April 2006.

De Man, Hans & van der Linden, Piet, 2000, 'WHO Euroregion Charter on Transport, Environment and Health: discussion on its actual impact on transport policy', Paper presented at the Velo-Mondial Conference, Amsterdam, June, available on CD from Fietsersbond, Postbus 2828, NL-3500 GV Utrecht, Netherlands, tel. +31 30 291 8160, fax. +31 30 291 8188, email: ondersteuning@fietsersbond.nl €15 (including postage and packing).

Demer, Marie, 2006, ‘Walk For Your Life! Restoring Neighborhood Walkways To Enhance Community Life, Improve Street Safety and Reduce Obesity’, Vital Health Publishing, http://www.vitalhealthbooks.com/book/2414947630.html

Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2002, 'Game Plan: a strategy for delivering Government's sport and physical activity objectives', DCMS, London.

Department for Transport (DfT)( (May 2002-)
- website: http://www.dft.gov.uk
'Transport Statistics: Transport Trends 2002', January 2003, http://www.transtat.dft.gov.uk/tables/2002/tt/intro.htm
'TAL 4/03. Cycling and Health' (revised), 2003, at http://www.nationalcyclingstrategy.org.uk/assets/NCS_topics/cycling_and_health.pdf or from Terry Deare.
'On the move:by foot' (Discussion paper), June 2003 (responses sought by 26 September).
'Walking - The Way Ahead: Report from the National Seminar Series' (good practice), Transport 2000 Trust & Dft, June 2003. http://www.local-transport.dft.gov.uk/consult/walking/index.htm

Department of Health, London
- website: http://www.doh.gov.uk
(including the Annual 'Health Survey for England' reports), available from TSO, London
'The Health of the Nation', HMSO, London, 1992.
'More People, More Active, More Often', Physical Activity Task Force, HMSO, 1995.
Nutrition and Physical Activity Task Forces, 'Reversing the increasing problems of obesity in England', (report of committee chaired by Professor Philip James, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen), 1995 (unpublished).
'Strategy Statement on Physical Activity', 1996.
'Our Healthier Nation: A contract for health', 1998
'The new NHS: Modern and dependable', TSO, London 1999.
'The Report of the Group on Economic Appraisal of the Health Effects of air Pollution (EAHEAP), DoH, January 1999 (c.f. DoH Press Notice no. 1999/0019).
'Saving lives: our healthier nation', TSO, tel. (0870) 600 5522, July 1999.
'Health Survey for England: Cardiovascular disease 1998', TSO, 1999.
'Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer 2002', 2003, http://www.doh.gov.uk/cmo/annualreport2002/index.htm
'At Least Five a Week: evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health', April 2004.
'Choosing Health? Choosing a Better Diet: A consultation on priorities for a food and health action plan', May 2004,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=19868&heading=e-mail+alert
'Obesity Among Children Under 11', May 2005, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=24176&heading=e-mail+alert
'The risk of Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and Travel' (?exact title), December 2005, at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/BloodSafety/VTE/fs/en and http://www.dh.gov.uk/VTE
‘The Health Survey for England 2004’, April 2006.
‘Measuring Childhood Obesity: Guidance to Primary Care Trusts on data handling’, May 2006.

Department of Public Health and Primary Care (Oxford University), 2003, 'Mortality from cardiovascular disease… comnpared to road fatalties', http://www.dphpc.ox.ac.uk/bhfhprg/stats/2000/2002/mortality.html and http://www.transtat.dft.gov.uk/tables/tsgb02/4/download/41502.xls

Department of the Environment, 19??, 'Health effects of particles: the Government's preliminary response, ?

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (June 1997 - June 2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
'A new deal for transport: better for everyone', (The White Paper on Integrated Transport), TSO, London, July 1999.
(National Cycling Forum), 'Promoting cycling: improving health', 1999.
*'New directions in speed management: a review of policy' (including discussion of health implications of speed management), DETR Free Literature, Wetherby, March 2000. (OFL on 3.3.00) http://www.roads.detr.gov.uk/roadsafety/strategy/speedmanagement/index.htm
*'Guidance on Full Local Transport Plans', March 2000, and at: http://www.local-transport.detr.gov.uk/fulltp/index.htm
'Encouraging Walking: Advice to Local Authorities', DETR Free Publications, Wetherby, March, 2000, http://www.local-transport.detr.gov.uk/walking/index.htm
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) Traffic Advisory Leaflets available from TAU Publications, Charging and Local Transport Division, Zone 3/23, Great Minster House, London SW1P 4DR,
email: tal@dotditm3.demon.co.uk
'Traffic advisory leaflet 12/99, 'Cycling and Health', December 1999 (revised as National Cycling Strategy leaflet 'Cycling and Health', March 2003).

Dickson, T, 1995, 'Preventing overuse cycling injuries', Physician and Sports Medicine 13 (10), pp116-119.

Dora, Carlos, 1999, 'A different route to health: implications of transport policies', British Medical Journal, no 316, pp1686-1686, at http://www.bmj.com/cgl/content/abstract/318/199/1686
Dora, Carlos & Phillips, Margaret (eds.), 2002, 'Transport, Environment and Health', WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 89, http://www.who.dk/document/e72015.pdf

Dowda, M., Ainsworth, B.E., Addy, C.L., Saunders, R., Riner, W., 2001, 'Environmental Influences, Physical Activity, and Weight Status in 8- to 16-year Olds', Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 155, pp711-717.

Dudley, Geoff, 2004, 'Can transporat policy provide answers to the growing obesity problem?', Local Transport Today 393, 3.6.04, p9

Duncan, J.J; Gordon, N.F & Scott, C.B, 1991, 'Women walking for health and fitness. How much is enough?', Journal of the American Medical Association 266 (23), pp3295-3299

Eberhardt, J, 1988, 'The influence of road traffic noise on sleep', Journal of Sound and Vibration 127, pp449-455.

Environmental Epidemiology Research Unit, 1994, 'Traffic and health,' EERU, University of Lancaster, Lancaster.

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European Cyclists' Federation (ECF) Bicycle Research Reports,
available from ECF, Rue de Londres 13 (B.3), B-1050 Brussels,
tel. +32 2 512 9827, fax. +32 2 511 5224, email: office@ecf.com
- Index of previous Bicycle Research Reports online at http://www.ecf.com/html/research.htm
no. 132?, 'All-Cause Mortality Associated with Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work' (by Lars Bo Andersen, Peter Schnohr, Marianne Schroll & Hans Olen Hein), October 2001
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no. 155. 'Cycling and Health' (Alison Hill), November 2003.

European Heart Network, Brussels
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Evans, Gary; Meis, Markus; Ising, Hartmut, Kofler, Walter W & Lercher, Peter, 2001, 'Study of the nonauditory health effects of ambient community noise', Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 109, March.

Faculty of Public Health Medicine, 2000, 'Tackling Obesity', Faculty of Public Health Medicine, London.

Feature, 1999, 'WHO Charter commits EU nations tto address role of transport in healthier living', Local Transport Today, 1.7.99
Feature, 1999, 'ACTION Plan sets out ways to combine local health and transport agendas' (on The Making T.H.E. Links and Active Transport reports from the Health Education Authority), Local Transport Today, 21.10.99.
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Federal Highway Administration (US FHWA), 1992, 'Benefits of Bicycling and Walking to Health', National Bicycling and Walking Study #14, USDOT, FHWA, Washington DC.

Feature, 2000, 'Cycling and Health Promotion', British Medical Journal 320 (1), p888, http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/320/7239/888
Feature, 2005, 'Active community research', American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28, Supplement 2.

Fenton, Mark, 2001, 'The Complete Guide to Walking for Health, Weight Loss and Fitness', The Lyons Press, USA.

Fergusson, Malcolm; Davis, Adrian & Skinner, Ian, 1999, 'Delivering changes in travel behaviour: lessons from health promotion', Institute for European Environmental Health Policy, Dean Bradley House, 52 Horseferry Road, London SW1P 2AG, tel. (020) 7799 2244, fax. (020) 7799 2600. (HE152.6.T76.F4)

Fletcher, Tony & McMichael, Anthony, (eds.), 1997, 'Health at the Crossroads - Transport policy and urban health', John Wiley, Chichester, Sussex. HV 688.4.L6

Foster, Charlie, 2000, 'Guidelines for Health-Enhancing Physical Activity', in 'The European Network for Promotion of Health-Enhancing Physical Activity', order +358 3 282 9200, email: losapi@uta.fi and at http://www.europe-on-the-move.nl

Fox, K, 1999, ,'The influence of physical activity on mental well-being', Public Health Nutrition 2 (3a).
Fox, K.R, 2000, 'Self-esteem, self-perceptions and exercise', International Journal of Sport Psychology 31, pp228-240

Frank, Lawrence D & Engelke, Peter O, 2000, How Land Use and Transportation Systems Impact Public Health, Active Community Environments, Georgia Institute of Technology and Center for Disease Control, Atlanta; http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/aces.htm
Frank, Lawrence D; Engelke, Peter O; Schmid, Thomas L, 2003, 'Health and Community Design: The Impacts of the Built Environment on Physical Activity', Island Press; May, http://www.islandpress.org/books/detail.html?cart=10565751532437&SKU=1-55963-917-2
Frank, Lawrence; Kavage, Sarah & Litman, Todd, 2006, ‘Promoting Public Health Through Smart Growth: Building Healthier Communities Through Transportation And Land Use Policies’, Smart Growth BC, http://www.smartgrowth.bc.ca/; available at
http://www.smartgrowth.bc.ca/downloads/SGBC_Health%20Report%20Final

Frith, Matthew, 2002, 'Why we all need a walk in the park', (urban parks and health services), Forum for the Future) Green Futures 34 (May/June), p45, http://www.greenfutures.org.uk

Fukukawa et al, 2004, 'Age differences in the effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms', Psychology and Aging, 19 (2).

Fyson, Anthony, 2000, 'Healthy walking is not just a walk in the park' (on the work of the New Opportunities Fund (NOF) funding of healthy, education and environment projects), Planning 1369, 19.5.00.

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Gasser, Philippe, 2002, 'A Cyclist Map handed out by your Physician', Velo City '01 Conference, Edinburgh, Glasgow, September 2001, available on the Conference Proceedings CD, funded by the Scottish Executive and distributed by Spokes, Edinburgh, tel. +44 131 313 2114, email: spokes@spokes.org.uk ISBN 0 9507319 7 8 Y, £10.00 including postage & packing.

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Go for Green (Canada), 1998, 'Developing Communities for Active Transportation', http://www.goforgreen.ca

Going for Green, 2000, 'Briefing document on NHS structure', tel. (0800) 783 7838, November.

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Goodwin, Phil, 2006, 'What is life worth?', (health economics, road accidents and transport-related air polluion), Local Transport Today 438, 9.3.06, p19

Goumans, M & Springett, J, 1997, 'From projects to policy; 'Healthy Cities' as a mechanism for policy change in health', John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Sussex.

Greater Glasgow Health Board, 2001, 'Walk in to Work Out', Greater Glasgow Health Board, Glasgow, tel. (0141) 201 4915.

Green, L.W & Krutter, M.W, 1991, 'Health promotion planning - an educational and environmental approach', second edition, Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, USA.

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Greenpeace Publications available from Greenpeace, Canonbury Villas, London N1 2PN,
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'Populations at Risk from Ambient Air Pollution in Britain', 1992.
'Gasping for Change: Vehicle Emissions and Health - Who is at risk', 1992.
'Mad Car Disease - Britain's Road to Ruin', 1992. ISBN 1 871532 31 0
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Greenwood, D; Muir, K; Packham, C & Madeley, R, 1996, 'Coronary heart disease: a review of the role of pyschosocial stress and social support', Journal of Public Health Medicine 18, pp221-231

Greig, Russell, 2000, 'Models of Health Behaviour Change Applied to Cycling Promotion in Western Australia', Paper presented at the Velo-Mondial Conference, Amsterdam, June, available on CD from Fietsersbond, Postbus 2828, NL-3500 GV Utrecht, Netherlands, tel. +31 30 291 8160, fax. +31 30 291 8188, email: ondersteuning@fietsersbond.nl €15 (including postage and packing).

Grossblatt, N, 1985, 'Injury in America: A Continuing Public Health Problem', National Academy Press, Washington DC

Guthrie, Colin, 2002, 'Mental Health Treatment in a Community Based Recycle-a-Bicycle Scheme', Velo City '01 Conference, Edinburgh, Glasgow, September 2001, available on the Conference Proceedings CD, funded by the Scottish Executive and distributed by Spokes, Edinburgh, tel. +44 131 313 2114, email: spokes@spokes.org.uk ISBN 0 9507319 7 8 Y, £10.00 including postage & packing.

Haapanen, N; Miilunpalo, S; Vuroi, I; Oja, P & Pasanen, M, 1997, 'Association of leisure time physical activity with the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged men and women', International Journal of Epidemiology 26, pp739-747.

Haines, A; McMichael, T; Anderson, R & Houghton, J, 2000, 'Fossil fuels, transport and public health', British Medical Journal 321, pp1168-1169

Hakim, A.A, Petrovitch, H; Burchfiel, C.M; Ross, G.W; Rodriguez, B.L; White, L.R; Yano, K; Curb, J.D & Abbott, R.D, 1998, 'Effects of walking on mortality among nonsmoking retired men', New England Journal of Medicine 338 (2), pp94-99

Hamer, Lucy, 1999, 'Making T.H.E. links (between Transport, Health and Environment)', (University of Westminster) Local Environment News 5 (8), September.

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Handy, S; Boarnet, M; Ewing, R & Killingsworth, R, 2002, 'How the built environment affects physical activity: Views from urban planning', American Journal of Preventive Medicine 23 (2S), pp64-73.

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Health Community Research Programme:
'A guide to doing a prospective health impact assessment of a home zone', 2002, http://www.health-community-research-programme.bigstep.com/generic35.html
'The Morice Town Home Zones: a prospective health impact assessment', 2002,
http://www.health-community-research-programme.bigstep.com/generic35.html

Health Development Agency (HDA) (successor to the Health Education Authority), Holborn Gate, 330 High Holborn,
London WC1V 7BA, tel. (020) 7061 3178,
- website: http://www.hda.nhs.uk/
publications available from
Marston Book Services, tel/fax. (01235) 465555
- website: http://www.hda-online.org.uk/pubhealth.htm
'Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance for implementing the preventive aspects of the National Service Framework', 2000.
'Cross sector funding for transport and health - a national review of health authorities', 2000.
'Impact of Road Traffic Speed on Health' (author: Hugo Crombie), April 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=6184&heading=e-mail+alert
'Introducing Health Impact Assessment (HIA): Informing the decision-making process', (edited by Lorraine Taylior, HDA & Clive Blair-Stevens, Department of Health), 2002, available from Lorraine Taylor or Rob Quigely, tel. (020) 7061 3178, email: rob.quigley@hda-online.org.uk or tel. (020) 7061 3176.
'Public health research: the evidence', September 2003, http://www.hda.nhs.uk/html/about/press/12082003.html
'Prevention and reduction of accidental injury in children and older people', October 2003, http://www.hda.nhs.uk/html/documents//prev_accidental_injury.pdf
'The Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions for Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults: A review of reviews - Evidence briefing', April 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=19381&heading=e-mail+alert
'Making the case: Improving health through transport', 2005, http://www.publichealth.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=503416

Health Education Authority (became the Health Development Agency on 1 January 2000), HEA,
Trevelyan House, 30 Greater Peter Street, London SW1P 2HW:
(HEA & Sports Council), 'Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey', Sport England Mail Order EnquiryLIne, tel. (0990) 210255, 1992.
'Promoting Physical Activity: Guidance for commisioners, purchasers and providers', 1995.
'Transport and Health: A Briefing for Health Professionals and Local Authorities', 1998. ISBN 0 7521 1407 7
'Active Transport: A guide to the development of local initiatives to promote walking and cycling', HEA/Marston Book Services, tel. (01235) 465565, 1999. (ISBN 07521 1663 0) Oversize HE5739.G7.D2
'Making T.H.E. Links: Integrating sustainable Transport, Health and Environmental Policies - a guide for local authorities and health authorities', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 1662 2 (OFL on 18.10.99) Physical Activity and Inequalities - a briefing paper', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 1572 3. HV688.G7.C6
'Health Update: Physical activity', ISBN 0 7521 0551 5
'Moving on: International Perspectives on promoting physical activity', Proceedings of an International Symposium, 1999, ISBN 0 7521 0266 4
'Promoting physical activity: Guidance for commissioners, purchasers and providers', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 0483 7
'Promoting physical activity in primary health care', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 0289 3
'Young and active? Policy framework', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 1182 5
'Young people and physical activity: A guide to resources', 1999, ISBN 0 7521 1293 7
'Young people and physical activity: A literature review', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 1293 7
'Young people and physical activity: Promoting better practice', 1999. ISBN 0 7521 0702 X
'Qualitative research among young people aged 5 to 15 years and parents', November 1999. ISBN 0 7521 1748 3
'Physical activity 'at our age': Qualitative research among people over the age of 50', 1999?. ISBN 0 7521 0870 0
'Physical activity 'what we think': Qualitative research among women aged 16-24', 1999? ISBN 0 7521 1503 0
'Physical activity in our lives: Qualitative research among disabled people', 1999? .ISBN 0 7521 1503 0
'Health update: Environment and health: Road transport', 2000.

Hendriksen, I., 1996, 'The effects of commuter cycling on physical performance on coronary heart disease risk factors', Free University, Amsterdam.
Hendriksen, I.J.M., Zuiderveld, B, Kemper, H and Bezember, P.D, 2000, 'Effect of commuter cycling on physical performance of male and female employees', Medical Science Sports Exercise, 32 (2), pp 504-510.

Henwood, Karen, 2001, 'Exploring linkages between the environment and health: Is the a role for environmental and countryside agencies in promoting benefits to health?', report funded by the Forestry Commission.

Herzlich, C, 1973, 'Health and Illness', Academic Press, London.

Hildebrandt et al, 2002, 'Physical activity and work performance: Results from the national fitness Test 2000 in the Netherlands', Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 34 (5)

Hill, Alison, 2003, 'Cycling and Health' (contribution to the CTC and Cycle Campaigns Network Autumn Campaigners' Conference'), Sheffield/Doncaster, October,
at http://www.cyclenetwork.org.uk/papers/031005.pdf

Hillman, Mayer, 1992, 'Cycling and the Promotion of Health', PTRC 20th Summer Annual Meeting, Proceedings of Seminar B, pp25-36.
Hillman, Mayer, 1993, 'Cycling and the Promotion of Health', Policy Studies (14), pp49-58
Hillman, Mayer, 1997, 'The potential of non-motorised transport for promoting health', Chapter 2 in Rodney Tolley, (ed.), 1997, 'The Greening of urban transport: planning for walking and cycling in western cities', (second edition), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, Sussex. (OFL)

Hillsdon, M., Thorogood, M, Anstiss, T. and Morris, J., 1995, 'RCTs of physical activity promotion in free living populations: a review. Journal of Epidemiological and Community Health, vol 49, pp.448-453.
Hillsdon, M. & Thorogood, M., 1995, 'A systematic review of physical activity promotion strategies', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, November.
Hillsdon, M. & Thorogood, M., 1996, 'A systematic review of physical activity promotion strategies', British Journal of Sports Medicine 30, pp84-89
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Hillsdon, M; Foster, C; Cavill, N; Naidoo, B; Crombie, H, 'A review of the Evidence on the effectiveness of public health interventions for increasing physical activity amongst adults: A reviedw of reviews', Helath Development Agency, London.

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Hirst, Julie & Prendergast, Sean, 1999, 'Peak Park Leisure Walks: an Exercise in Holistic Health Promotion', Countryside Recreation (Countryside Recreation Network, Department of City and Regional Planning, Cardiff University), 7 (1), Spring.

House of Commons Health Committee, 'Health: Third Report' (Tackling the Obesity Epidemic'), TSO, London, May, and at http://www.parliament.uk/pa/cm/c,health.htm

HSRU, ?, 'Healthy Lifestyles Survey', http://www.hsru.ox.ac.uk/rep9.htm

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Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones and Health, 2000, 'Mobile Phones, Health and Driving' (?exact title), IEGMP, at: http://www.iegmp.org.uk

Institute for European Environmental Policy/Environmental Transport Association, 1997, 'Road user exposure to air pollution: LIterature review', ETA, Weyrbridge, Surrey.

Institute of European Environmental Policy & Adrian Davis Associates, 2000, 'Delivering Changes in Travel Behaviour: Lessons from Health Promotion', available from Jo White, IEEP, Dean Bradley House, 52 Horseferry Road, London SW1P 1AG, March . (OFL on 3.3.00)

Institution of Highways and Transportation (IHT), London, tel. (020) 7391 9958:
'Parking problems hospitals face', 2000.

International Obesity Task Force
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Issing, H, Dienel D; Guenther, T; Marker B, 1980, 'Health effects of traffic noise', International Arch. Occupational Health 47, pp179-190.

Jackson, L.E., 2002, 'The relationship of urban design to human health and condition. Landscape and urban planning', vol 993, pp 1-10.

Jackson, Richard J & Kochtitzky, Chris, 2001, 'Creating A Healthy Environment: The Impact of the Built Environment on Public Health', Sprawl Watch Clearinghouse, http://www.sprawlwatch.org/health.pdf

Jackson, Michael E, 2001, Promoting bicycling as a normal part of a healthy lifestyle …strategies for behavior change, Winner of the Velo-city Falco Prize, Velo-city o1 Conference, Edinburgh & Glasgow, September, http://www.cyclenetwork.org.uk/papers/falco.01.html

Jacobsen & Aldana, 2001, 'Relationship between frequency of aerobic activity and illness-relatred absenteeism in a large employee sample', Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43.

Jameson, C & Ring, C, 2000, 'Contributions of local and central sensations to the perception of exertion during cycling: effects of work rate and cadence', Journal of Sports science 18, pp291-298

Jones, Linda, 1994, 'Transport and health; the next move, Policy Statement 2' , (Transport 2000 &) Association of Public Health, London.

Kalis, Aginus, 2000, 'Cycling and health policies', Paper presented at the Velo-Mondial Conference, Amsterdam, June, available on CD from Fietsersbond, Postbus 2828, NL-3500 GV Utrecht, Netherlands, tel. +31 30 291 8160, fax. +31 30 291 8188, email: ondersteuning@fietsersbond.nl €15 (including postage and packing).

Kennedy, A., 1997, 'Exercise and heart disease: cardiac findings in fatal cycle accidents', British Journal of Sports Medicine 31 (4), pp328-331.

Killingsworth, Richard E & Lamming, Jean, 2001, 'Development and Public Health; Could Our Development Patterns be Affecting Our Personal Health?, Urban Land, Urban Land Institute, http://www.uli.org July, pp12-17
Killingsworth, Richard, 2002, 'Innovative approaches to understanding and influencing physical activity', American Journal of Preventive Medicine, August.
Killingsworth, Richard, 2004, 'Active Living: Promoting a Health Through Community Design and Transportation / Un mode de vie actif: comment faire campagne pour la santé en pensant les transports de manière intégrée', Proceedings (CD), Velo-City 2003 Conference, Paris, 23-26 September 2003, Mairie de Paris, Paris.

Killoran, A, Fentem, P, & Caspersen, C., 1994, 'Moving On: International Perspectives on Promoting Physical Activituy', Health Education Authority, London.

King, A., 1994, 'Clinical and community interventions to promote and support physical activiity participation', in R.K. Dishman (ed), 1994,., 'Advance in Exercise Adherence', Human Kinetics: Champaign, Illinois (Chapter 7, pp183-212).

King, Norman; Morency, Patrick & Lapierre, Lucie, 2006, ‘Impacts Of Transportation On Public Health, Montréal Public Health Department’, http://www.santepub-mtl.qc.ca/Publication/synthese/rapv8n3_eng.pdf

Kingma, J, 1994, 'The aetiology of bicycle accidents', Perceptual and motor skills, 79, pp1193-1194

Krag, Thomas, 2005, ‘Increasing Cycling will improve Environment and Health’, Paper presented at the Velo-City 2005 Conference, Dublin, 31 May – 3 June 2005, and reproduced in the Report of Proceedings, available on DVD from Michael Aherne, Director, Velo-city 2005, Dublin Transportation Office, Hainault House / Teach Hainault, Floor 3, 69-71 St. Stephen’s Green / Faiche Stiabhna, Dublin 2 / Baile Atha Cliath 2, Ireland / Eire, tel. +353 1 477 8100, fax: +353 1 478 5935, email: info@dto.ie

Kuenzli N; Kaiser R; Medeina, S; Studnickam M; Chanel O et al, 2000, 'Public health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: a European Perspective', The Lancet 356, pp795-801.

Kuhl, D & Cooper, C, 1992, 'Physical activity at 36 years: patterns and children predictors in a longitudinal study', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp114-119.

Lalloo, R; Sheiham, A & Nazroo, J.Y, 2003, 'Behavioural characteristics and accidents: findings from the Health Survey for England 1997', Accident Analysis and Prevention 35 (5), September, pp661-667

Lamb, S; Bartlett, H & Ashley, A, 2000, 'A randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of the Thames Valley Health Walks Scheme', Oxford Centre for Health Care Research and Evaluation, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford.

Larsen et al, 2006, 'Exercise is Associated with Reduced Risks for Incident Dementia among Persons 65 Years of Age and Older', Annals of Internal Medicine.

Lawlor D.A; Hanratty, B, 2001, 'The effect of physical activity advice given in routine primary care promotion schemes in primary care: a systematic review', Journal of Public Health Medicine 23, pp219-226.

Lawlor D.A; Ness, A.R; Cope, A.M; Davis, A; Insall & Riddoch, C, 2003, 'The challenges of evaluating environmental interventions to increase population levels of physical activity: the case of the UK National Cycle Network', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, pp96-101

Lawrence, et al, ?2004, 'Obesity Relationships with Community Design, Physical Activity and Time Spent in Cars', American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27.

Lechner et al, 1997, 'Effects of an employee fitness program on reduced absenteeism', Journal of Occupational Medicine 39.

Lee, C.D; Balir, S.N, 2002, 'Cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men', Medical Science and Sports Exercise 34, pp592-595

Lee, I.M; Hsieh, C.C & Paffenbarger, R.S, 1995, 'Exercise intensity and longevity in men', Journal of the american Medical Association (JAMA) 19;273 (15), pp1179-1184.
Lee, I.M & Skerrett, P.J, 2001, 'Physical activity and all-cause mortaility: what is the dose-response relation?', Medical Science and Sports Exeercise 33 (6 Supplement), ppS459-471; discussion, S493-494.

Legen, Gezja, 2002, 'Cycling for health', Velo City '01 Conference, Edinburgh, Glasgow, September 2001, available on the Conference Proceedings CD, funded by the Scottish Executive and distributed by Spokes, Edinburgh, tel. +44 131 313 2114, email: spokes@spokes.org.uk ISBN 0 9507319 7 8 Y, £10.00 including postage & packing.

Levy, Daniel, 2003, 'Working Out Can Trim Hidden, Hazardous Fat', Journal of the American Medical Association, ?,
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Lilah et al, 2005, 'Walking to public transit: steps to help meet physical activity recommendations', American Journal of Preventive Medicine, http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/articles/besser_dannenberg.pdf

Litman, Todd, 2002, 'If Health: Integrating Public Health Objectives in Transportation Decision-Making', Victoria Transport Policy Institute, British Columbia, http://www.vtpi.org
Litman, Todd, 2003, 'Active Transportation Policy Issues', Victoria Transport Policy Institute, British Columbia, http://www.vtpi.org//act_tran.pdf
Litman, Todd, 2003, 'Integrating Public Health Objectives Into Transportation Decision-Making', American Journal of Health Promotion, March, at http://www.vtpi.org//AJHP.pdf

Loftin, M; Warren, M; Eason, R & Brandon, J, 1990, 'Influence of pedal rate on the signals of perceived exertion during leg cycling', Journal of human movement studies 19, pp189-199

Lowdell C, (ed.), 2002, 'Too high a price: injuries and accidents in London', Health of Londoners Programme, London.

Lumsdon, Les & Mitchell, J, 1999, 'Walking, transport and health: do we have the right prescription?', Journal of Health Promotion International 14 (3), pp271-279.

Luoto, R; Latikka P; Pukkala, E; Hakulinene, T; Vihko, V, 2001, 'The effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk: a cohort study of 30,548 women', European Journal of Epidemiology 16, pp973-980

MacGibbon, B, 2000, 'Inequlaities in health related to transport', in Gordon, D; Shaw, M; Dorling, D et al, 2000, 'Inequalities in health: the evidence', The Policy Press, Bristol., pp185-195

Mackett, Roger, 2003, 'The health benefits of walking to school', University College London, London, tel. (020) 7679 7679, October.

Macneill, Barnes, Pitman & Cullinan, 2002 , 'EMITS: Impact of a change in transport policy on respiratory health of children', Imperial College, London.

MacNeill, S; Cullinana, P, 2002, 'Public health and transport policy', in Hine, J;; Preston J, (eds), 2002, 'Integrated Futures and Transport Choices', Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire.

Manson, JoAnn; Greenland, Greenland; La Croix, Andrea Z; Stefanick, Marcia L; Mouton, Charles P; Oberman, Albert; Pern, Michael G; Sheps, David S. Sheps; Pettinger, Mary S & Siscovick, David, S, 2002, 'Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women', New England Journal of Medicine, Vol.347:716-725 September 5, 2002 Number 10 , Abstract: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/347/10/716
Manson, J.E et al, 2002, 'Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women', New England Journal of Medicine 347, pp715-716.

Martin, Brian, 2003, 'Physical Activity in Children', BASPO - Swiss Federal Office of Sports, Health Promotion Unit, http://herry.at/the-pep/down/hague/Martin.pdf

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Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA
tel. (01344) 773161, fax. (01344) 770356, email: enquiries@trl.co.uk
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Transport 2000
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London N1 6NG, tel. (020) 7613 0743, fax. (020) 7613 5280,
email: sfp@transport2000.demon.co.uk
- website: http://www.transport2000.org.uk
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