ST20. TRAFFIC GENERATION, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRAFFIC RESTRAINT &
TRAFFIC REDUCTION
(updated: June 23, 2006 )

OFL = Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://wwwnottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates most useful and/or up to date references

Accent Marketing and Research, 1997, 'Hammersmith Bridge Closure', Accent Marketing and Research, London.

Adams, John, 1999, 'The potential advantages and disadvantages of teleworking' (?exact title), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris.

Apel, Dieter & Lehmbrock, Michael, 1990, 'Stadtvertraegliche Verkehrsplanung: Chancen zur Steuerung des Autoverkehrs durch Parkraumkonzepte und -bewirtschafttung', Berlin.
*Apel, Dieter & Pharoah, Tim, 1995, 'Transport concepts in European cities', Avebury Studies in Green Research, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 1 85972 094 3. (HE242.P4)
Apel, Dieter; Lehmbrock, Michael, Pharoah, Tim, Thiemann-Linden, Joerg, 1998, 'Kompakt, Mobil, Urban: Stadtentwicklungskonzepte zur Verkehrsvermeidung im international Vergleich, (Compact, Urban and Mobile: Town development concepts for traffic reduction: International Comparisons), Difu-Beitraege zur Stadtforschung Band 24, Deutsches Institut fuer Urbanistick, Postfach 126224, D-10593 Berlin, tel. +49 30 39001-0, fax. +49 30 3900 1-100. (ISBN 3 881188 234 9)

Association of Town Centre Management (ATCM), 1 Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster
London SW1 9BH, tel. (020) 7222 0120:
'The Effectiveness of Town Centre Management', 1995?
'About Town', 1996.
'Managing Urban Space in Town Centres', HMSO, 1996. UK/P97/104
'A new town centre manager's survival kit. an introduction to your first 100 days in office', 1997.
'Car Parks are for People', 1997.
'Delivering structures to deliver town centre management', 1997.
'Directory of managed towns', 1997.
'Town Centre Management: A guide to Good Practice', February 1998.
'Yearbook', ?1998.
'Step Change' (case for statutory Town Improvement Zones (TIZ) programme), October 1999.
(ATCM & The British Council of Shopping Centres; Study by DTZ consultants), 'Getting it Right: A Good Practice Guide to Successful Town Centre Management', September 2000.

Automobile Association & Corus Metals Company, 2000, '2020 Vision', available free from Biss Lancaster, tel. (020) 7497 3001, April.

Baber, Faraz, 2003, 'Will tolls improve transport?', (lessons from the London charging scheme), Planning 1508, 28.2.03, p8

Bain, Robert, ?, 'Traffic Risk Complete Report', Standard & Poor's, London
Bain, Robert, 2005, 'Traffic Risk Study Update 2003', Standard & Poor's, London
Bain, Robert, 2005, 'Traffic Risk Study 2004', Standard & Poor's, London
Bain, Robert, 2005, 'Traffic Forecasting Risk Study Update 2005 Through Ramp-Up And Beyond', Standard & Poor's, London

Baker, Brian, 1998, 'Reaching car-cutting consensus' (Edinburgh Car-Free Cities Conference Report), Surveyor, 2.7.98.
Baker, Brian, 2003, 'A town centrepiece' (successful examples of taking motor vehicles out of town and city centres), Surveyor 190 (5759), pp16-18

Banister, David, 2000, '2020 visions of the future: The future of transport', (author: David banister), (for Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors RICS), RICS Research Foundation, London, tel. (020) 7334 3895, February. (OFL on 7.2.00)

Banks, J.H, 1989, 'Freeway speed-flow-concentration relationships: more evidence and interpretations', Transportation ResearchRecord 1225, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.

Baughan, Bernadette; Collis, Hugh; Dunn, Peter; Ove Arup & Partners, 1996, 'The Effects of Traffic Restraint Options in Bristol', ?

Bell, M., 1997, 'Does traffic restraint concentrate or disperse activities?', Traffic Engineering and Control 38 (12), 666-669.

Black, C. & Hallsworth, A.,1995, 'Jam Dodgers: A Study of Attitudes and Responses to Traffic Congestion', Traffic Research Unit, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth.

Blessington, Howard, 1998, 'Middle of the Road' (reallocating road space away from cars), Planning 29.5.98.

Bourne, Caroline, 2003, 'New Yorkers step on the gas to tackle congestion', New Urban Futures 11, 20.3.03, p7

British Council of Shopping Centre (BCSC), 1 Queen Anne's Gate,
London SW1H 9BT, tel. (020) 7222 1122:
'Public Transport and Town Centre Accessibility', 1997.
'Sustainable Urban Centres: Guidance on Integrated Transport Strategies', July 1999. (OFL on 23.7.99)

Buchan, Keith, 1997, 'Urban Clearway - traffic reduction in London', Friends of the Earth, London.
Buchan, Keith, 1997, 'Transport in Salisbury: Demand Management Solutions', available from Salisbury Friends of the Earth, 3 Hadman's Close, Salisbury SP2 9NN, March.

Buchanan, Colin, 1958, 'Mixed blessing: the Motor Car in Britain', London.
Buchanan, Colin, (ed)., 1963, 'Traffic in Towns' ("The Buchanan Report"), Penguin & HMSO, London.

Bundesanstalt fuer Landeskunde und Raumordnung, (ed.), 1995, 'Verkehrsmeidung, Siedlungsstrukturelle und organisatorische Konzepte', Research Project by C. Holz-Rau & E. Kutter, Materialen zur Raumentwicklung 73, Bonn.

Button, Kenneth & Hensher, D.A, (eds) 2001, 'Handbook of Transport Systems and Traffic Control', Pergamon, ISBN 0-08-043595-5, http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/isbn/0-08-043595-5

Cairns, Sally, 1997, 'And now, over to the travel unit' (causes and effects of traffic congestion in town centres), Planning Week 23.1.97, pp12-13.
*Cairns, Sally, Hass-Klau, Carmen & Goodwin, Phil, 1998, 'Traffic Impact of Highway Capacity Reductions', Landor Publishing. ISBN 1 699650 10 6. Oversize HE336.H48.C2
Cairns, Sally, 2002, 'Cutting traffic - possibilities and opportunities', Town and Country Planning 71 (2), February, pp38-39.
Cairns, Sally; Atkins, S & Goodwin, P, 2002, 'Disappearing traffic? The story so far', Muncipal Engineer 151, pp13-22
Cairns, Sally, 2005, 'Travel patterns in 'smart' towns show potential for traffic reduction', Local Transport Today 415, 14.4.05, pp14-15

Carley, Michael, 1996, 'Sustainable Transport and Retail Vitality', Historic Burghs Association of Scotland (HBAS) Research Paper no. 2, Transport 2000 & Donaldson. (OFL)

Cervero, Robert, 2003, 'Are Induced-Travel Studies Inducing Bad Investments?', Access (University of California Transportation Center, Berkeley, California, Spring, no. 22, pp22-27
Cervero, Robert, 2003, 'Road Expansion, Urban Growth, and Induced Travel: A Path Analysis', Journal of the American Planning Association 69 (1), pp145-163.

Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport
‘Frustratingly Slow’, May 2006.

Clark, Paul, 1998, 'Traffic Plans ready for a gear change', Planning 1269, 22.5.98.

Commission for Integrated Transport, 5th Floor, Romney House, Tufton Street, London SW1P 3RA,
tel. (020) 7944 4101/4813, fax (020) 7944 2919, email cfit@detr.gsi.gov.uk
- website: http://www.cfit.gov.uk ::
'Guidance on Provisional Local Transport Plans', December 1999 (and on the CfIT website)
'National Road Traffic Targets - Advice by the Commission for Integrated Transport', December 1999
and on the CfIT website.
'Motorists' Forum', February 2000, http://www.detr.gov.uk/cfit/mf/index.htm
'Public attitudes to transport in England (the results of a MORI survey)' July 2000 (and on the CFIT website).
'European Best Practice in Transport - Benchmarking', August 2000, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/ebptbench/index.htm
'European Comparison of Taxes on Car Ownership and Use', July 2001.
'European Best Practice in Delivering Integrated Transport - Key Findings', November 2001
'European Best Practice in the Delivery of Integrated Transport - Summary Report', November 2001.
'European Best Practice in the Delivery of Integrated Transport - Report on Stage 1: Benchmarking', November 2001
'European Best Practice in the Delivery of Integrated Transport - Report on Stage 2: Case Studies', November 2001
'European Best Practice in the Delivery of Integrated Transport - Report on Stage 3: Transferability', November 2001.
'CfIT Initial Assessment Report on the ten-year transport plan - overview', May 2002, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/reports/10year/index.htm
'Improving the measurement of congestion: interim report' (report of a working group chaired by Michael Roberts), May 2002, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/mf/reports/imc/index.htm
'World Cities Research', April 2005.

Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, email: env-pubs@cec.eu.int
'Traffic Evaporation in Urban Areas'. DG Environment, EC. 2000; more information from email: nikki.james@ogm.be
'Notes on the proposals to break the links between economic growth and transport demand' (preview of White Paper to be published in September 2001) (?exact title), July 2001, http://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/library/orientation1607-en.pdf
'Reclaiming City Street for People: Chaos or Quality of Life?', 2004. (donated to Library on 5.1.05), and at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/pubs/pdf/streets_people.pdf.

Confederation of British Industry, 1995, 'Missing links: settling national transport policies', CBI, London.

Council for the Protection of Rural England (CPRE) (former) - became 'Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) in June 2003

Council for the Protection of Rural England (former), 1996, 'CPRE's traffic trauma map: A forecast of traffic growth on rural roads from 1994 to 2025', CPRE, London, tel. (020) 7976 6433.

Countryside Commission (former; part of the Countryside Agency since April 1999):
'Traffic growth in the countryside' (report produced by the Oxford University transport Studies Unit), Countryside Commission, 1993?
'Roads in the Countryside', Oversize HE336.R8.G7.

Cullinane, S, 1992, 'Attitudes towards the car in the UK: some implications for policies on congestion and the environment', Transportation Review 26A, pp291-301.

Cuthbert, Tim, 1999, 'Limited Access' (restricting cars in Peckham Town Centre, South London), Surveyor, 14.1.99.

Dales, John, 2006, ‘Transport in Urban Design: Why do we keep building places we don’t like?’, Local Transport Today 441, 20.4.06, pp17

DANTE Consortium, 1998, 'Encouraging Travel Alternatives: A Guide to Good Practice in Reducing Travel', The Bartlett School of Planning, University College, London.

Dargay, J & Goodwin, P, 1999, 'The growth of congestion in Europe, Round Table Report 110', European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Paris.

Dasgupta, M; Oldfield, R; Sharman, K & Webster, V, 1994, 'Impact of Transport policies in five cities', Project Report 107, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire.

Davis, Adrian, 1997, 'Trust them: they're doctors' (BMA traffic reduction report), Town and Country Planning 66 (11), November.

de Muniain, Jose Maria Sandez, 2000, 'Will the school bus be effective in reducing school run congestion?', Traffic Engineering and Control 41 (8), September, pp298-300.

Department for Transport (DfT)
(in May 2002 replaced the Transport part of the Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
- website: http://www.dft.gov.uk/
'Peak Spreading/Time Period Choice', 2002, http://www.roads.dft.gov.uk/roadnetwork/heta/reresult/index.htm
'Transport Statistics: A measure of road traffic congestion in England - Method and 2000 baseline figures', February 2003,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14302&heading=e-mail+alert
'Transport Statistics: Modelling and forecasting using the National Transport Model', February 2003,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14301&heading=e-mail+alert
'Department for Transport: Technical notes to PSA targets', March 2003, http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/psa/index.htm
'Motorcycles and Congestion: The Effect of Modal Split', October 2004, and at http://www.dft.gov.uk
'The Transport Innovation Fund', July 2005, http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_about/documents/pdf/dft_about_pdf_038816.pdf
'The Transport Innovation Fund: Pump Priming Round 1: Criteria', July 2005, http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_about/documents/pdf/dft_about_pdf_038818.pdf
'Technical notes for spending review 2004 PSA targets', July 2005.
'Timetable for urban congestion target', February 2006.
'Congestion on the Strategic Road Network', February 2006,
http://www.dft.gov.uk/stellent/groups/dft_transstats/documents/downloadable/dft_transstats_611157.pdf
'Experiences of Congestion and Attitudes to Road Pricing', June 2006.

Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) (June 2001-May 2002)
- website: http://www.dtlr.gov.uk
'Perceptions of and Attitudes to Congestion', December 2001, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=4422&heading=e-mail+alert

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (June 1997 to June 2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
'National Traffic Forecasts 1997', NRTF, Thames Ditton, Surrey, October 1997.
(DETR & London Transport), 'Traffic Impact of highway capacity reductions', 1998.
'The Road Traffic Reduction Act 1997: Draft Guidance to Local Traffic Authorities Public Consultation Exercise', January 1998 and at http://www.detr.gov.uk
'Draft Guidance on Local Transport Plans', November 1998 and at http://www.detr.gov/ltp9811/index.htm
'Guidance on Provisional Local Transport Plans', April 1999.
'Transport and the Economy' (findings of the Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment (SACTRA), ISBN 011 753507 9, TSO, London, 1999 (OFL on 18.8.99) - executive summary available at http://www.roads.detr.gov.uk/roadnetwork/sact
or: http://www.roads.detr.gov.uk/roadnetwork/heta/sactra98.htm
'Tackling Congestion and Pollution: the Government's first report under the Road Traffic Reduction (National Targets) Act 1998', January 2000. http://www.roads.detr.gov.uk/roadnetwork/rtra98/report1/index.htm
'Guidance on Full Local Transport Plans', March 2000, and at: http://www.local-transport.detr.gov.uk/fulltp/index.htm
'Assessing the effect of integrated transport White Paper policies on national traffic' (by WS Atkins), 2000.
'Development of ITWP impacts analysis: freight spreadsheet model', 2000, available from Sarah Boorer at WS Atkins, tel. (01372) 756137
'Development of ITWP impacts analysis: modelling local policies', 2000, available from Sarah Boorer at WS Atkins, tel. (01372) 756137
'Modelling using the National Raod Traffic Forecasting framework for Tackling Congestion and Pollution and Transport 2010: The 10 Year Plan', free from David Poole, DETR, tel. (020) 7944 5192 or at http://www.detr.gov.uk
Transport 2010 - The 10 Year Plan: Tackling Congestion and Pollution - Background to the modelling process', February 2001, http://www.detr.gov.uk/trans2010/taconpol/index.htm
'Planning Policy Guidance Note 13: Transport', March 2001, and at http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/ppg/ppg13/index.htm
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR Traffic Advisory Unit leaflets
available from Charging and Local Transport Division, Zone 3/23, Great Minster House,
London SW1P 4DR, tel. (020) 7676 2478, email: tal@dotditm3.demon.co.uk:
'Traffic Advisory Leaflet 7/99: The "SCOOT" Urban Traffic Control System, DETR Traffic Advisory Unit, April 1999.
'Traffic Advisory Leaflet 8/99: Urban Traffic Safety Management: Using SafeNET', DETR Traffic Advisory Unit, April 1999.
Traffic Advisory Leaflet 7/00: SCOOT Gating', December 2000.
Traffic Advisory Leaflet 8/00: Bus Priority in SCOOT', December 2000.

Department of Transport (former), 1994, 'Design Manual for Roads and Bridges' (DRMB), Vol. 12 & Traffic Appraisal Manual', HMSO, March 1997 (includes updated advice in the light of the SACTRA report on 'Trunk Roads and the Generation of Traffic' and the Government's Response to it, published in December 1994).

Diekstra, R & Kroon, M, 1997, 'Cars and behaviour: psychological barriers to car restraint and sustainable urban transport', in Tolley, R, 'The Greening of Urban Transport: planning for walking and cycling in Western cities', 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester (OFL).
Diekstra, Rene & Kroon, Martin, 2003, 'Cars and behaviour: psychological barriers to car restraint and sustainable urban transport', Chapter 19 in Tolley, Rodney (ed.). 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43 (HE152.6.E6.S8)

Dower, Michael, 1993, 'The view from the road' (traffic growth in the countryside', Report of Proceedings, Town and Country Planning Summer School, University of Lancaster, 1993, Royal Town Planning Institute, London.

Downs, Anthony, 1992, 'Stuck in Traffic', Brookings Institute, Washington DC.
Downs, Anthony, 2004, 'Still Stuck in Traffic', Brookings Institution, Washington DC

Dudley, Geoffrey, 2002, 'Integrated transport and idea mutation: flexible policy communities and the case of the Oxford transport strategy', available from Geoffrey Dudley, 27 Pirehill Lane, Asalton, Stone, Staffordshire ST15 OJL.
Dudley, Geoff, 2003, 'Integrated transport is old hat: what we need now is a Commission for Congestion-busting!', Local Transport Today 365, 1.5.03, p10

Dunning, Jacqui, 1998, 'Potential will-power out-performs traffic model forecast in securing reallocations of road space', Local Transport Today, 2.7.98.

Elliot, John, 2003, 'Why do our politicians no longer seem to believe that new roads generate traffic?', Local Transport Today 372, 7.8.03, p12

Emmerson, Garrett, 2006, ‘The future of transport: which road will we take?’, Local Transport Today, 23.3.06, p17

Engwicht, David, 1992, 'Towards and eco-city. Calming the traffic,' Envirobook, 18 Argyle St., Sydney NSW 2000.
Engwicht, David, 1993, 'Reclaiming our Cities and Towns: Better Living with Less Traffic,' New Society Publishers, USA, (available in UK through Jon Carpenter Publishing, P.O. Box 129, Oxford OX1 4PH).
Engwicht, David, 19??, ‘Reclaiming our Cities and Towns’, ?
*Engwicht, David, 1999, 'Street Reclaiming: Creating Livable Streets and Vibrant Communities', New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island BC, September, available from Planning Solutions Network, 4276 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver BC V6R 2H4, Canada, fax. +1 604 224 7652, email psn@smartt.com ISBN 0865714045. (HE333.E6)

Erl, E, 1994, 'Verkehrsvermeidung durch Raumstruktur - Materialen. Verkehr. Teilband 2. (Traffic reduction through spatial structure - Materials, Traffic, Part 2) (ed by Enquet-Kommission) 'Schutz der Erdatmosphaere' des Deutschen Bundestages, Bonn.

European Conference of Transport Ministers (ECMT), Paris:
'Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Transport', 1997.
'The Spread of Congestion in Europe: conclusions of Round Table 110, Paris, 12-13 March 1998.

ECF Bicycle Research Reports, available from ECF, Rue de Londres 13 (B.3), B-1050 Brussels,
tel. +32 2 512 9827, fax. +32 2 511 5224, email: office@ecf.com
Index of previous Bicycle Research Reports online at http://www.ecf.com/html/research.htm
no. 96, (by Dieter Eillinghaus, et al.), 'Comparing traffic regulations in Europe'.
no. 99 (by Peter Steen et al.,), 'A Sustainable Transport System for Sweden in 2040'.
no. 110, 'Ecumenical Council of Churches (ed.), 'Prospects of Sustainable Mobility Worldwide', October 1999.
no. 111, 'European Commission: EU-Transport in figures - Statistical Pocketbook', November 1999.
no. 113, 'Town Friendly Mobility in Communities', (Research Authority: Mobil (ed)., January 2000.
no. 116, 'Traffic Planner meets City Planner' (by Albert Jansen, A Walraad & P. Van Beck), April 2000.
no. 126, 'Traffic/Town Planning' (Peter Marti et al.), March 2001.
no. 127, 'Environmentally Sustainable Transport' (Karst Geurs, Bert van Wee etc), April 2001.
no. 137 'Land Use and Cycling', (S.U. Jensen), March 2002.
no. 146.'OECD Guidelines Towards Environmentally Sustainable Transport', January 2003.
no. 149. 'Urban Development and Ecological Qualities of Car-Free and Nearly Car-Free Urban Districts' (Wolfgang Christ & Willi Loose), April 2003.
no. 152. 'Making car use more expensive is a more effective means of promoting green transport than tax exemptions' (Report by Stephen Potter, Tom Rye & Marcus Enoch), July/August 2003.

Everitt, Paul & Higman, Roger, 2000, 'So what's the problem, congestion or pollution?' (debate), (Forum for the Future) Green Futures 21, March/April

Fairlie, Simon, 1999, 'The people - what will they wear?' (public attitudes to restraint on car use), Town and Country Planning 68 (11), November

Feature, 1995, 'Motorway tolling trials put congestion experiments in the shade', Surveyor 5351 (171), 3.8.95.
Feature, 1998, Traffic degeneration effects pose new challenge for Local Authorities', Local Transport Today, 12.3.98.
Feature, 1998, 'How Modellers missed out peak spread and magnified the cost of cars', Local Transport Today, 21.5.98.
Feature, 1998, 'London-wide approach sought to help underpin local traffic reduction plans', Local Transport today', 16.7.98.
Feature, 1998, 'Access denied' (retractable bollards, buses and traffic restraint in Cambridge), Surveyor, 14.10.99
Feature, 1999, 'Ring of Confidence' (traffic reduction from the City of London 'Ring of Steel' traffic management initiative), Surveyor, 28.10.99, pp12-13
Feature, 2000, 'Which way now?' (comments from the Transport Research Laboratory integrated transport and logistics team on delivering the DETR 10-year Transport Plan), Surveyor, 5.10.00.
Feature, 2001, 'Questions remain over monitoring ten-year plan congestion target', Local Transport Today, 3.5.01, p9
Feature, 2001, 'Buchanan's diagnosis set transport agenda for five decades', Local Transport Today 330, 13.12.01, p9
Feature, 2002, 'More government support urged for charging schemes', Local Transport Today 352, 24.10.02, p11
Feature, 2003, 'Will higher congestion forecasts spur demand management plans?', Local Transport Today 357, 9.1.03, p7

Ferguson, Erik, 2000, 'Travel Demand Management and Public Policy', Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 1 85972 535 X (OFL on 26.4.01)

Flood, Andy, 1999, 'SACTRA's proposed appraisal revamp aims to test economic case for schemes - and show just who benefits' (SACTRA findings on the links between transport and the economic and implications for the appraisal process and for traffic restraint proposals), Local Transport Today, 26.8.99.
Flood, Andy, 1999, 'Forecast remains for national traffic growth as reduction target slips off Government agenda', Local Transport Today, 2.12.99.

Flowerdew, A.D.J., 1993, 'Urban Traffic Congestion in Europe; road pricing and public transport finance,' The Economist Intelligence Unit, 40 Duke St., London W1A 1DW.

Forster, Andrew, 2004, 'Breaking the link between tourism and traffic: the East Sussex way', Local Transport Today 399, 29.8.04, pp10-11
Forster, Andrew, 2005, 'The Traffic Management Act: congestion buster or bureaucratic log-jam?', Local Transport Today 420, 23.6.05, p9

Freight Transport Association (FTA) publications available from FTA, Hermes House, St. John's Road,
Tunbridge Wells TN4 1UZ, tel. (01892) 552253/552531/526171:
'Setting targets to stimulate modal transfer', 1996.
'No-car lanes -moving people and goods more efficiently on congested urban roads', 1998.
'Coping with Congestion: a Contribution to the Government's 10-year strategy for Transport', May 2000.

Friends of the Earth (FOE), London
- website: http://www.foe.co.uk
(author: Roger Higman) 'Local responses to the 1989 traffic forecasts', 1991.
(author: Tim Pharoah), 'Less Traffic; better towns', 1992.
'The Climate Resolution: A Guide to Local Authority Action',1994.
'End of the road: managing Newbury's traffic without a western bypass', 1995.
'A guide to achieving 10% traffic reduction targets in England and Wales', 1998.
'Shorter Car Journeys: Prioritising the Alternatives', March 1998. (OFL)
'Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Urban Reform', May 1998.
'Curbing the Car' (Traffic Reduction Manual), 1999.

*Glaister, Stephen & Graham, Dan, 2003, 'Transport Pricing and Investment in England', report commissioned by the Commission for Integrated Transport, London.

Goodwin, Phil et al., 1991, 'Transport: The New Realism', Transport Studies Unit, Ref. 624, University of Oxford.
Goodwin, Phil, 1995, 'The End of the Hierarchy? A new perspective on managing the road network', CPRE (Council for the Protection of Rural England), London.
Goodwin, Phil, 1997, 'Mobility and car dependence', in 'Traffic and Transport Psychology' (Rothengatter & Vaya, eds.(Pergamon, Oxford.
Goodwin, Phil; Hass-Klau, Carmen & Cairns, Sally, 1998, 'Evidence of the effects of road capacity reduction on traffic levels', Traffic Engineering and Control', June.
Goodwin, Phil; Hass-Klau, Carmen & Cairns, Sally, 1998, 'Better Use of road capacity - what happens to the traffic', Public Transport International 47 (5), September, UITP, Brussels.
Goodwin, Phil, 1998, 'Extra traffic induced by road construction: empirical evidence, economic effects, and policy implications', in 'Infrasturcutre-induced mobility', ECMT Round Tanble 105, ECMT, Paris. ISBN 92 821 1232 2
Goodwin, Phil, 1998, 'Unintended effects of transport policies', in Transport Policy and the Environment (ed. David Banister), E & FN Spon, London, pp114-130
Goodwin, Phil, 2001, 'Traffic reduction', in Hensher, D, A & Button, K.J, (eds.) 2001, 'Handbook of Transport and the Environment', Elsevier, London.
Goodwin, Phil, 2004, 'The economic effects of road congestion', paper for the Rail Freight Group, at http://www.landor.co.uk/ltts/reports
Goodwin, Phil; Dargay, Joyce; Hanley, Mark, 2004, 'Elasticities of Road Traffic and Fuel Consumption with Respect to Price and Income: A Review', Transport Reviews 24 (3), May, p275, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=1ABX3PVN405WGGYW
Goodwin, Phil, 2004, 'Time to consign fixed trip models to the museum', Transport Today 399, 29.8.04, p15
Goodwin, P; Dargay, J & Hanley, M, 2004, 'Elasticities of road traffic and fuel consumption with respect to price and income: a review', Transport Review 24 (3), pp275-292
Goodwin, Phil, 2005, 'TfL's 60-year appraisal is a bridge too far', (the proposed Thames Gateway Bridge traffic growth implications), Local Transport Today 422, 21.7.05, p17
Goodwin, Phil, 2006, 'What's going on in Paris?', (the Paris road capacity reduction policy), Local Transport Today 436, 9.2.06, p23

Golob, T.F & Regan, A.C, 2001, 'Impacts of highway congestion on freight operations: perceptions of trucking industry managers', (Elsevier Science) Transportation Research (Part A: Policy and Practice), pp 577-599.

Graham, Daniel J; Glaister, Stephen, 2004, 'Road Traffic Demand Elasticity Estimates: A Review', Transport Reviews 24 (3), May, p261,
http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=57G9P4DMA4UNHWK

Greater London Council, 1985, 'The Effects of Strategic Network Changes on Traffic', (former) GLC, London and reproduced in World Transport Policy and Practice, 1999.

Halcrow Fox, 1998, 'Developing Road Traffic Reduction Targets for London: Stage 1 Report', Report to the (former) London Planning Advisory Committee, Halcrow Fox.

Hall, J.V, 1995, 'The role of transport control measures in jointly reducing congestion and air pollution', Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 29 (1), pp93-103.

Hansen, Mark, et al., 1993, 'Air Quality Impacts of Urban Highway Capacity Expansion: Traffic Generation and Land Use Changes', Institute of Transport Studies, University of California (Berkeley), Research Report UCB-ITS-RR-93-5.
Hansen, Mark, 1995, 'Do New Highways Generate Traffic?', Access (University of California Transportation Center, Berkeley, California, Fall, no. 7.

Hanson, Brian, 1997, 'Changing minds' (Parking management and traffic reduction), Surveyor, 16.10.97.

Harcup, Tony, 1998, 'Two's company' (Leeds HOV Lane), Surveyor, 21.5.98.

Headicar, Peter, 2004, 'Transport and land use policies have fuelled the dramatic growth in commuting distances', Local Transport Today 393, 3.6.04, p14

Healey & Baker, London,
tel. (020) 7514 2301, fax. (020) 7514 2350:
'Town Centre Accessibility', 1998.
'Factors affecting Town Centre accessibility' (?exact title), October 1999.

Higman, Roger, 1991, 'Local responses to the 1989 traffic forecasts', Friends of the Earth, London.

Hillman, Mayer, 1998, 'Harsh realities of traffic reduction' (comments on the (former) DETR Integrated Transport White Paper), Planning 1280, 14.8.98.

Hills, Peter, 1996, 'What is Induced Traffic?,' Transportation 23 (1), February, pp5-16.

Holding, D.M. & Kreutner, M., ?1998, 'Achieving a balance between 'carrots' and 'sticks' for traffic in National Parks: the Bayerischer Wald project', Transport Policy 5 (3).

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Institute of Directors, 2001, 'More Roads and Road Pricing - The Way to Go?', Institute of Directors, London, tel. (020) 7766 8766, August, http://www.iod.com/policy/press

Institute of Logistics & Transport (ILT), 2002, 'Charging for Inter-Urban Roads', March 2002, available from Damian Price, tel. (020) 7592 3117.

Kenworthy, J, et al., 1997, 'Indicators of transport efficiency in 37 cities', Report to the World Bank, ISTP, Murdoch University, Western Australia
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Khan, Ata M, 2001, 'Reducing Traffic Density: The Experience of Hong Kong and Singapore', (Carfax / Taylor & Francis) Journal of Urban Technology, April, 8 (1), pp69-87.

Kinsella, Paul, 1998, 'Car curbs may hit local economies', Planning 1292, 30.10.98.

Kristensen, Jens Peder & Marshall, Stephen, 1999, 'Mobility Management to Reduce Travel: the case of Aalborg', Built Environment 25 (2)

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Litman, Todd, 2001, 'Generated Traffic: Implications for Transport Planning', ITE Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, Institute of Transportation Engineers (US), http://www.ite.org April, pp38-47.

London Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC) (former)
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Louth, Barry, 1995, 'Farewell 'predict and provide', Town and Country Planning, November.

Louw, Erik & Maat, Erik, 1999, 'Enschede: Measures in a Package - Spatial Planning of New Developments', Built Environment 25 (2), pp118-128
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Mackie, Peter, 1996, 'Induced Traffic and Economic Appraisal', Transportation, Vol. 23, p.113.

Marshall, Stephen, 1999, 'Restraining mobility while maintaining accessibility: An impression of the 'City of Sustainable Growth', Built Environment 25 (2)9, pp168-179.
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Matson, Lili, 2004. 'Alistair Darling may not agree, but reducing the need to travel is key to a better society', Local Transport Today 288, 25.3.04, p12

Mathers, Sandra, 1999, 'Reducing the need to travel in the city of Bristol: Promoting bus use through complementary measures', Built Environment 25 (2), pp94-105

May, A.D, 1986, 'Traffic restraint: a review of the alternatives', Transportation Research A, 20A, pp109-121.
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McKenzie, Cathy, 1995, 'Continental cultural change', (car restraint policies), Town and Country Planning, November.

Metropolitan Transport Research Unit (MTRU), London:
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'All Change: Demand Management Case Study: Norwich', report by the MTRU for the Institute of Public Policy Research and Transport 2000, 1994. (HE 336 M6.)
'Traffic restraint: Five cities - Five Solutions', HMSO, London, (revised), 1994.

Millard-Bell, Adam, 2000, 'White van gridlock or a boon for traffic reduction - how will e-commerce affect transport?', Local Transport Today 297, 31.8.00.

Milne, Dave, 1997, 'Pay your own way' Planning Week, 5 (3), 23.1.97.

Mittler, Daniel, 1999, 'Reducing travel? A case study of Edinburgh', Built Environment 25 (2), pp106-117.

Mogridge, Martin, 1990, 'Travel in Towns', Macmillan, London.
Mogridge, Martin, 1997, 'The self-defeating nature of urban road capacity policy', Transport Policy 4 (1), pp5-23.

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Morris, Andrew, 2006, ‘Could national road pricing cut urban congestion but increase rural traffic?’, Local Transport Today 441, 20.4.06, p7

Muyinza, Isaac, 2006, 'New DfT guidance could significantly change the traffic forecasts underpinning road schemes', Local Transport Today 445, 15.6.06, p14

*MVA, ESRC & Transport Studies Unit (University College London; Cairns, Sally et al),?, 'Impact of Highway Capacity Reductions - Vol. 1: Summary Report, Vol. 2.: An Assessment of the Evidence: a report on modelling', MVA, London, (OFL).

National Assembly for Wales, Cardiff:
'Committee paper on 1997 and 1998 road traffic reduction acts', February 2000, at: http://www.wales.gov.uk

National Economic Development Council (NEDC), 1991, 'Amber Alert,' Relieving Urban Traffic Congestion', NEDC, London SW1.

National Economic Research Associates (NERA), 15 Stratford Road, London W1N 9AF,
tel. (020) 9629 6787 - website: http://www.nera.com:
'Motors or Modems', ?1999
'Motors and modems revisited: The role of technology in reducing travel demands and traffic congestion', July 2000. (OFL on 5.9.00)

Nesamani, K.S & Deb, Kaushik, 2001, 'Private vehicle restraint measures - Lessons for India', Journal of World Transport Policy & Practice, 7 (1), and at http://www.ecoplan.org/wtpp/wt_index.htm as

Newberry, David & Santos, Georgina, 1999, 'The cost highway' (replacing taxes on cars with road user charging), Planning 1331, 13.8.99
*Newberry, David & Santos, Georgina, 1999, 'Road Taxes, Road User Charges and Earmarking', Institute of Fiscal Studies, (OFL on 24.8.99)

Noland, R.B, 2001, 'Relationships between highway capacity and induced vehicle travel', (Elsevier Science) Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, ISSN: 0965-8564, 35 (1), January, pp47-72.
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Noland, Robert, 2003, 'Induced Travel Bibliography', http://www.vtpi.org/induced_bib.htm
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S0965856405000467&_version=1&md5=68d891e97bdc725d69e7b993ebc76c03

Obi, Helen, 1997, 'Transport and the Environment: Discussion Report', Design Council, London.

Ogden, K.W., 1995, 'Safer Roads; a guide to road safety engineering', Avebury, Alderhsot, Hampshire.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris
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Parkhurst, Graham, 2002, 'Transport planning in a world of more efficient cars', Town and Country Planning 71 (6), June, pp156-157.
Parkhurst, Graham, 2002, 'New sources of motoring taxation in an era of a greater efficiency and traffic restraint', Parking News, September, pp68-72

Peter Brett Associates for Westminster City Council, 2001, 'Impact of the London congestion-charging proposals', Peter Brett Associates, July.

Pharoah, Tim, 1992, 'Less Traffic; better towns,' Friends of the Earth, London.
Pharoah, Tim, 1994, 'Traffic Reduction: The Planner's Role in Limiting Car Use', Town and Country Planning Summer School, 7-14 September 1994, University of St. Andrew's.
Pharoah, Tim, 2004, 'The policies to restrict car-based development are in place but practice has yet to catch up', Local Transport Today 394, 17.6.04, p16

Piggott, Adrian, 'Traffic growth slows, but is the historic link to economic growth weakening?', (trends in traffic growth and growth in the economy), Local Transport Today 311, 22.3.01.

Plowden, Stephen, 1972, 'Towns Against Traffic', Andre Deutsch, London.

Potter, Stephen, 2005, 'Stealth policy shift on transport', Town and Country Planning 74 (1), January, pp12-13

Preston, J; Raje, F; Hine, J & Grieco, M, 2003, 'The Social Exclusion Impacts of Traffic Restraint Policies', 35th Universities Transport Studies Group Annual Conference, University of Loughborough, Loughborough

Priemus, Prof. Dr. Ir. Hugo, 1999, 'How central and local governmetns can manage and cut back automobile use', Topic Paper at the 9th World Conference on Traffic Research, Antwerp (and c.f. summary in the European Cyclists' Federation Bicycle Research Report no. 103, February.

RAC Foundation, 1996, 'Impact of car usage study', RAC Foundation, London.

Raney, E.A; Mokhtarian, P.L; Salomon, I, 2000, 'Modeling individuals' consideration of strategies to cope with congestion', (Elsevier Science) Transportation Research Part F 3 (3), September, pp141-165.

Read, Rupert, 2005, 'In trying to cut car use why do we prioritise public transport over walking and cycling?', Local Transport Today 423, 5.8.05, p16

Reed Recruitment, 2002, 'Survey of transport problems on commuting journeys' (?exact title), Reed Recruting, May.

Rose, Maureen, 1998, 'Ringing in the Changes' (City of London ring of steel), Surveyor, 5.3.98.

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) / RICS Foundation,
1 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AD, tel. (020) 7944 3000
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'Shaping Britain for the 21st Century: Land Use and Transport: The Way Forward', 1996.
'2020 visions of the future: The future of transport', (author: David Banister), RICS Research Foundation, February 2000. (Oversize GP5511 BAN)
'Transport Development Areas: a study into achieving the higher density development around transport nodes', Study for the (former) DETR, RICS Policy Unit (Margaret Whitehouse), 2000, ISBN 1 84219 009 1. (HE193.T7)
'Making Transport Work', November 2002, and at http://www.rics.org./pd

*SACTRA, 1994, 'Trunk Roads and the Generation of Traffic', (former) Department of Transport, HMSO, London.

Saint James, Peter, 199?, 'Letter from a Busy Street: Traffic versus People', Khabir Press, 539 SE 39th Avenue 143, Portland, Oregon 97214, USA.

Salomon, I & Mokhtarian, P, 1997, 'Coping with congestion: Reconciling behavioural responses and policy analysis', Transportation Research 2 (2), pp107-123.

Schade, Jens, ?2003, 'The Acceptability of Travel Demand Management Measures', research project by Traffic and Transportation Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, http://www.verkehrspsychologie-dresden.de

Schneider, Francois; Nordmanm & Hinterberger, Friedrich, 2002, 'Road traffic congestion: The extent of the problem', World Transport Policy & Practice, 8 (1), available at http://wTransport.org

Seik, Foo Tuan, 1997, 'An effective demand management instruments in urban transport: the Area Licensing Scheme in Singapore', (Elsevier) Cities 14 (3), June.

Skamris, Mette & Flyvbjerg, 1997, 'Inaccuracies of traffic forecasts and cost estimates on large transport projects', Transport Policy 4 (3), pp141-146.

Slinn, Mike & Ratnasingam, Kevin, 2005, 'Advanced design' (tackling traffic gonestion and better design in traffic management), Surveyor 17.3.05, pp18-19

Sloman, Lynn, 2003, 'Greater than the sum of all parts: how local transport schemes can cut traffic', 'eg' (University of Westminster) 9 (2), February, p2
Sloman, Lynn, 2003, 'Traffic growth is a problem, but a concerted programme of small schemes could tackle it', Local Transport Today 363, 3.4.03, p12
Sloman, Lynn, 2003, 'Transport for Quality of Life' (local schemes and traffic reduction), April, available from the author by email at: lynnsloman@merrygoround.fsnet.co.uk

Smith, Gavin, 1997, 'Point of Access', Surveyor, 24.7.97.

Solly, Bernhard & Schade, Jens, 2000, 'Public acceptability of Transport Demand Management in Europe', Traffic Engineering and Control 41 (8), September, pp314-318.

Still, Ben & Simmons, D, 2000, 'Parking restraint policy and urban vitality', (Taylor & Francis Ltd) Transport Reviews 20 (3), pp291-316

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Sustrans publications available from Sustrans, 35 King St., Bristol BS1 4DZ,
tel. (0117) 926 8893 /928 0888, fax. (0117) 929 4174 or fax official orders (local authorities only) (0117) 915 0124
- website: http://www.sustrans.org.uk
Sustrans free information sheets, available from Sustrans Information Line, Bristol, tel. (0117) 929 0888:
FF39. 'Traffic Restraint and Retail Vitality', ?2003.
FF40. 'Safe Routes to Stations', ?2003.

Taylor, B.D, 2004, 'The politics of congestion mitigation', Transport Policy 11 (3), pp299-302,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S0967070X04000186&_version=1&md5=4c917a2fd238508721fcd5f3bde5449c
TEST, London (TEST publications now available from Transport 2000):
'Trip degeneration. A literature review', TEST Report 99, 1992.

The Live Work Network, 2004, 'Live-work and sustainable communities', The Live Work Network,http://www.live-work/net.com

The Scottish Executive, Edinburgh
- some reports available at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk
'Guidance on local transport strategies and road traffic reduction reports', March 2000
'Audit of interim local transport strategies and road traffic reduction reports', March 2000.
'Tackling Congestion', Scottish Executive Development Department, tel. (0131) 244 7279. ?2000.
'Delivering Integrated Transport Initiatives Through Road User Charging - Consultation and Approval Process', September 2001 and at http://www.scotland.gov.uk
'Review of Local Transport Strategies and RTRA Reports', January 2002, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library3/transport/rts-00.asp
'Term Commission for the Evaluation and Review of Local Authority Traffic Reduction Targets', February 2006, available at: http://www.lttonline.co.uk/report_link.php?uid=1026

Thomas, Rik, 2004, 'Policy can change travel behaviour more than politicians think it can', (Report on Conference at University College on Transport Research and Changing Travel Behaviour), Local Transport Today 401, 23.9.04, p9
Thomas, Rik, 2005, 'DfT grapples with developing set of indicators for traffic congestion', Local Transport Today 410, 3.2.05. pp12-13
Thomas, Rik, 2005, 'What is happening to urban rush hour traffic as national levels rise?', Local Transport Today 425, 1.9.05, pp12-15

Thomson, Angus, 1996, 'Starlight Shows The Way', (attempts at rural traffic restraint in Surrey), Surveyor, 23.5.96.

Tolley, Rodney (ed.). 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43 (HE152.6.E6.S8)

Totton, Belinda, 2001, 'Clear for a day' (experience of a traffic-free day in central London), Surveyor, 9.8.01, pp20-21.

Traffic Director for London, 1998, 'Revisions to the Network Plan', TDL (former), London.

Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) publications available from the TRL,
Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA
tel. (01344) 773161, fax. (01344) 770356, email: enquiries@trl.co.uk
- website: http://www.trl.co.uk
N.B. Abstracts for TRL reports are available on line at http://www.trl.co.uk/pubs.htm
'Impact of transport policies in 5 cities,' (by M. Dasgupta, R. Oldfield & V. Webster), TRL Research Report RR 107, 1994. HE243.I5
'CT95 'Traffic generation: roads and sites', 1998.
'M4 Eastbound Bus Lane: Summary of the First Three Months of Operations', October 1999.
'Cycling in vehicle restricted areas', TRL 583, December 2003, and at http://www.trl.co.uk

Transportation Research Board (US), 199?, 'TRB Special Report (SR) 24 on "Expanding Metropolitan Highways: Implications for Air Quality and Energy Use', TRB, Washington DC.

Transport 2000, The Impact Centre, 12-18 Hoxton Street, London N1 6NG,
tel. (020) 7613 0743, fax. (020) 7613 5280, email: sfp@transport2000.demon.co.uk
'Restraint without price - the future of Norwich' (originally published as 'All Change - Demand Management Case Study of Norwich), 1994.
'Moving together: policies to cut car commuting', 1995.
'Roads 21: A Policy for the Next Century', 1996.
'Feet First: public attitudes and consultation in traffic-calming schemes', 1996. HE336.P43.T2
'Just the Ticket: Traffic Reduction through parking restraint', 1997. Oversize pamphlet HE336.P37
'A Taxing Question: How a Parking Tax might work', 1998. Oversize HE336.P7.
'Winners and Losers: Company Car Tax Reform', 1998. (OFL on 29.3.99)
'The Healthy Transport Toolkit: A Guide to reducing car trips to NHS facilities', Transport 2000 Trust, 1998. Hallward Library: HE243.N4 & Greenfield Medical Library: Pamphlet WA275.NEW
'Living Streets: a guide to cutting traffic and reclaiming streetspace', August 1999. Pamphlet HE363.G7.L4
(T200, CPRE, CTC, Friends of the Earth, the Pedestrians' Association, the Railway Development Society, Roadpeace & Save Our Railways), 'Getting Out of Neutral', September 1999.
'Restraining the traffic: how much does it cost?', ?2000, (free)

Tranter, Paul & Lonergan, Peter, 2000, 'Traffic reduction versus development pressures: Sustainable transport in Liverpool', World Transport Policy and Practice 6 (1), pp5-14, at: http://www.ecoplan.org/wtpp/index.htm

Treyz, G.I., 1996, 'Predicting the local economic effects of proposed trip reduction rules: the case of San Diego', Environment and Planning, 28 (7), July.

Tripp, H.A, 1950, 'Road Traffic and its Control', Edward Arnold, London (second edition)

Turner, D; Dix, M; Gardner, K & Beevers, ?S, 1999, 'Seteteing traffic reduction targets for London', Traffic Engikneering and Control 40 (4), pp186-194

UIC, 2000, 'External Costs of Transport: accident, environmental and congestion costs in Western Europe', UIC, Paris, fax. +33 1 4449 2029, - summary at http://www.uic.asso.fr (click on 'Environment')

US Sustainable Transport Program, 2000, 'Changing the Price Signal', available from the US Offfice of International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) - website: http://www.iclei.org

van Vliet, R, 1998, 'Autovrije kern maakt Gronginer binnenstad beter' (car-free core makes Groningen's city centre better), Verkeerskunde, May.

Verroen, E.J & Jansen, G.R.M, 1992, 'Location planning for companies and public facilities: a promising policy to reduce car use', Transportation Research Record (US) 1363, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC.

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Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 1250 Rudlin St., Victoria BC, V8V 3R7, Canada, tel / fax. + 250 360 1560,
email: litman@islandnet.com
- website: http://www.vtpi.org
(includes many VTPI reports), 1999, 'Generated Traffic: Implications for Transport Planning', VTPI, Victoria BC, (revised)
2001: New Chapters of the VTPI Online TDM Encyclopedia; available free at http://www.vtpi.org/tdm
- Freight Transport Management
- Aviation Transport Management
- Taxi Service Improvements
- Pay-As-You-Drive Vehicle Insurance
- Universal Design (accommodating people with special needs)
- Individual Actions for Efficient Transportation
- Transportation Costs and Benefits (monetized estimates)
- Costs of Driving (and savings from reduced vehicle use)
- Transportation Statistics (data sources)
- TDM and Sustainable Transportation
- TDM in Developing Regions
- Safety and Health Impacts
- Parking Solutions
- Parking Evaluation
- Pricing Evaluation
- Pricing Methods (techniques for collecting parking and road fees)
- TDM Planning and Implementation
- Comprehensive Transportation Evaluation
- Measuring Transportation
- Evaluating Transportation Choice
- Glossary
'Smart Growth Policy Reforms', 2002, http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm95.htm
'Traffic Congestion', December 2004, http://www.vtpi.org/tca/tca0505.pdf

Walton, William, 1996, 'Policy Changes in the Government's road-building programme: a U-turn or just an application of the brakes?,' Town Planning Review 67 (4), October
Walton, William, 2003, 'Roads and Traffic Congestion Policies: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back', Chapter 4 in Docherty, Iain & Shaw, Jon, (eds.), 2003, 'A New Deal for Transport?', RGS-IBG Book Series, Blackwell, Oxford, http://www.blackwellpublishing.com (HE243.N4)

Weavin, Brian, 2006, 'Cruise control' (active traffic management use to cut traffic congestion on the M42), Surveyor, 16.2.06, pp20-21

Wenban-Smith, Alan, 2000, 'Solving the problems of excessive car use', Planning 1388, 29.9.00.

West Midlands Roundtable for Sustainable Development, 2000, 'Quality of Life: The Future Starts Here' (including targets for reduction of car use), West Midlands Round Table for Sustainable Development, March, available from the Government Office for the West Midlands, Birmingham, tel. (0121) 212 5300, http://www.go-wm.gov.uk

Whitelegg, John, et al., 1992, 'Traffic Congestion: is there a way out?', Leading Edge Publishers.
Whitelegg, John, 2002, 'We know how to reduce car use, what we lack is the institutional drive to deliver it', Local Transport Today, 21.11.02, p12

Winkley, Rob, 2003, 'Counting the travel impact' (achieving public transport improvements and reduced traffic congestion through the planning system), Planning 1508, 28.2.03, pp15-17.

Worsley, Tom, 2004, 'Road Traffic Elasticities: Introduction', Transport Reviews 24 (3), May, p259 , http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=LRBTU5LXK5P5WW50

WSP Development, 1999, 'Good Transport Guide: Summary: Sustainable Urban Centres: Guidance on Integrated Transport, British Council of Shopping Centres (BCSC), (OFL on 16.7.99)

Zauke, Gabi & Spitzner, Meike, 1997, 'Freedom of movement for women: Feminist approaches to traffic reduction and a more ecological transport science', World Transport Policy and Practice 3 (2).