UR22. URBAN LEISURE, OPEN SPACE, URBAN FORESTRY & RECREATION (A-Z)
(updated: June 30, 2006 )

OFL = Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates most useful and/or up to date references

Adams, L.W & Dove, L.E, 1989, 'Wildlife Reserves and Corridors in the Urban Environment: A Guide to Ecological Landscape Planning and Resource Conservation', National Institute for Urban Wildlife, Columbia.
Adams, Lowell W, 1995, 'Urban Wildlife Habitats. A Landscape Perspective', University of Minnesota Press.

Adams Loxton Partnership Ltd et al, 1995, 'Study of London's green corridors: greening the open land that adjoins the main transport routes into London: summary report', Countryside Commission South East Regional Office, London WC2.

Akbari, H; Davis, S; Dorsano, S; Huang, J & Winnett, S (eds), 1992, 'Cooling our Cities: A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing', EPA Offrice of Policy Analysis, US Superintendent of Documents, Washington DC.

Alcock, David, 2004, 'Commonhold people' (the management of shared spaces), Regeneration & Renewal, 22.10.04, p25

Alexander, David, 2005, 'The environmental importance of front gardens - can planning help?', Town and Country Planning 74 (12), December, pp364-366

Andrews, Sophie, 2001, 'The allotment handbook - a guide to promoting and protecting your site', Eco-logic books, Bristol, tel. (0117) 9420165, October, http://www.eco-logicbooks.com

?Anon, 1999, 'Shopping meets Leisure 2000' (leisure parks and combined leisure and retail parks review), available from tel. (020) 7493 2632, November.
Anon, 2002, 'Urban residential environments and senior citizen's longevity in megacity areas: the importance of walkable green spaces', 56, pp913-918

Arendt, Randall, 1996, 'Conservation Design for Subdivisions: A Practical Guide to Creating Open Space Networks', Island Press, Washington DC.

Ashworth, G.J., 1990, 'Selling the City', Belhaven Press, London & Chichester, Sussex.
Ashworth, GHJ. & Tunbridge, J.E., 1990, The Tourist-Historic City', Belhaven Press, London & Chichester, Sussex.

Audit Commission, London:
'Managing Cemeteries and Crematoria in a Competitive Environment', 1988.
'Competitive Management of Parks and Green Spaces', HMSO, London.

Baggott, Ian & Spray, Adrian, 1999, 'Park of the family' n (value of parks in social and urban regeneration)', The Leisure Manager , March .

Baines, Chris, 1997, 'Trees deserve a special place in the future of towns and cities', Urban Environment Today, 4.9.97, p12.
Baines, Chris, 1998, 'Trees matter: the benefits of trees and woods in towns', National Urban Forestry Unit, Wolverhampton.
Baines, Chris, 2000, 'Greening The Streets of Stress City' (mature trees, health and happiness), (Forum for the Future) Green Futures 22, May/June.
Baines,0 Chris, 2001, 'Sealed over: squeezed dry' (reassessing the role of semi-natural green space), Flooding and planning - conflict and confusion', Town and Country Planning 70 (4), p115
Baines, Chris, 2001, 'Into the heart of the wild, wild city' (mangaing wildlife habitat in urban areas), (Forum for the Future) Green Futres 31, November, pp28-31.

Baker, Brian, 2002, 'Turning a new leaf' (Beacon status urban open space improvement schemes), Surveyor 189 (5694), pp16-18.

Baker, Chris, 2006, ‘Casinos braced for dispute’, (the Hall Aitken consultancy report on ‘The Social and Economic Costs of Regional Casinos in the UK’, Planning 1660, 17.3.06, p16

Bale, John, 2002, 'Sport, Space and the City', The Blackburn Press, ISBN 1-930665-38-5, http://www.blackburnpress.com/sporspacandc.html
Bale, John, 2005, 'Sport, Space and the City', The Blackburn Press, ISBN 1-930665-38-5.

Barber, Alan, 1996, 'Park Life', Municipal Journal, 18.10.96, pp20-21.
Barber, Alan, 1998, 'Government must write role of leisure into regeneration', Urban Environment Today, 30.4.98.
Barber, Alan, 2002, 'Planning past, present and future - a review of how managers of urban greenspace can work more closely with the planning system', Urban Parks Forum, Reading, tel,.(0118) 946 9060, http://www.urbanparksforum.co.uk
Barber, Alan, 2002, 'Parks still poor relation', Regeneration & Renewal, 8.11.02, p23.

Barker, George, 1996, 'Urban green space systems and the current situation and background in the UK', Proceedings of the International Symposium of Local Agenda 21 and Eco-City Development', 17-18 January, Seoul/Taejon, UNDP, Korea, pp85-108.
Barker, George, 1997, 'A Framework for the Future: Green Networks in Multiple Uses in and Around Cities', English Nature Research Report 265, November.

Barlow, E, 1987, 'Restoring Central Park',. MIT Press, Cambridge.

*Barton, Hugh; Grant, Marcus; Guise, Richard, 2002, 'Shaping Neighbourhoods: Health, Sustainability and Vitality', Spon Press, London, http://www.sponpress.com ISBN 0 415 27852 X (Hb) / 0 415 26009 4 (pb). (Oversize HT151.B2)

Baschak, L.A & Brown, R.D, 1985, 'An ecological framework for the planning, design and management of urban river greenways', Landscape and Urban Planning 33, pp211-225.

Batchelor, Cathy & Catling, Andy, 'A new pioneering spirit' (experience of two project managers in major park restoration schemes), Landscape Design, March 1999, pp35-36.

Bayton, Sharon, 1997, 'Making the most of a sporting chance' (lottery sports funding), Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Bedford, Paul, 1996, 'Planning to make most of a sporting crock of gold', Planning 1194, 8.11.96.

Bedford Square Press, ?1998, 'How Green Is Your City?, Pioneering Approaches to environmental action', available from Plymbridge Distributors Ltd., Plymouth.

Bell, S, 1995, 'Watch This Space: Urban Greenspace Policy Study', Metropolitan Planning Officers' Society, Oldham.

Bernakatzy, A, 1974, 'The effect of trees in the climate of towns', Proceedings of the Conference on 'Trees, growth in the urban landscape', Wye College, Kent.

Black Environment Network (BEN), London, tel. (020) 8985 6760:
- website: http://www.ben-network.org.uk
'Ethnic Communities and Green Spaces: Guidance for Green Space Managers', 2005, http://www.ben-network.org.uk

Blackman, David, 2005, 'Casinos regain the limelight', Planning 1629, 22.7.05, p15

Botkin, D.B & Beveridge, C.E, 1997, 'Ciites as environments', Urban ecosystems 1, pp3-19.

Bourne, Caroline, 2002, 'Private finance provides key to transform US public space', (and lessons for the UK), Urban Environment Today 157, 3.10.02, pp6-7

Box, John & Harrison, Carolyn, 1993, 'Natural spaces in urban places', Town and Country Planning 62 (9), September, pp231-235.
Box, John & Harrison, Carolyn, 1994, 'Natural spaces in urban places: minimum targets for accessible natural greenspaces in urban areas', Nature's Place 5, April, pp14-16.
Box, John; Cossons, Veronica & McKelvey, Jan, 2001, 'Sustainability, biodiversity, and land use planning', Town and Country Planning 70 (7/8), July/August, pp210-212.

Boyle, David, 1992, 'Why we should let Christopher Robin go hoppity-hoppity: Cities need more green space,' Town and Country Planning, 61 (3), March.
Boyle, David, 2002. 'A creaking conception of cities' (making cities denser rather than greener), Town and County Planning 71 (12), December, p299
Boyle, David, 2004, 'The sad tale of Crystal Palace Park', Town and Country Planning 73 (3), March, pp98-99

Bradley, C & Millward, A.M, 1986, 'Successful Urban Greenspace - do we know it when we see it?', Landscape Research 11 (2), pp2-8.

Bradshaw, Anthony; Walmsley, Anthony & Hunt, Ben, 1995, 'Trees in the Urban Landscape. Principles and Practice,' E & F Spon, 1995. GC2320.BRA

Brauner, Steve, 2001, 'Local opposition to Anfield dream' (Liverpool FC's new stadium controversy), Regeneration & Renewal, 23.3.01.

British Urban Regeneration Association, 2003, 'Guide to Best Practice in Sport and Regeneration', BURA with support of the Sports Council, London.

Brown, Matthew, 2004, 'Greening the Bluefields' (green spaces and regeneration in the Thames Gateway area), Regeneration & Renewal, 22.7.04,, p18

BTCV (British Trust for Conservation Volunteers), 36 St. Mary's Street, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 OEU,
tel. (01491) 821600, fax. (01491) 839646, email: information@btcv.org.uk
- publications available from BTCV Enterpises Ltd., The Conservation Centre, Balby Road, Doncaster DN4 0RH,
tel. (01302) 572000, fax. (01302) 310167.
- website: http://www.btcv.org
Practical handbooks
Tree Planting and Aftercare' (ed.: Barbara Viser)
'Toolcare'
'The Urban Handbook - a practical handbook to community environmental work', 1998
'Hands-On Conservation' (A volunteer's guide to practical skills), 199?
'How to make a Wildlife Garden' (by Chris Baines), 19??
'A Guide to Habitat Creation' (by Chris Baines and Jane Smith), 19??
Other BTCV Publications (Published by BTCV except those marked #)
'Conservation volunteering ; how and wny'
'Practical conservation - advice for teacher's
'Local Action - organising a local group'
'Risk assessment learning pack'
'A health and safety overview'
'Your wildlife pond'.
'Garden for birds'.
'Urban fungi'.
'The historical ecology of woodlands'.

Buckley, Jonathan, 2006, ‘The Pull of the Pool’: the potential of lidos as catalysts for regeneration), Regeneration & Renewal, 19.5.06, pp18-20

Burgess, J; Harrison, C.M & Limb, M, 1988, 'Exploring environmental values through the medium of small groups. Part 2: illustrations of a group at work', Environment and Planning A 20, pp457-476.
Burgess, J; Harrison, C.M & Limb, M, 1988, 'People, Parks and the Urban Green: a study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city', Urban Studies 25, pp455-473.

Burgess, Jacqui, 1994, 'The Politics of trust: Reducing Fear of Crime in Urban Parks', Comedia.

Burton, Ian, 1993, 'Sporting chance for Inner Areas,' Planning 1022, 11.6.93.

Business and Sport in Leisure,1997, 'Commercial Leisure: A Guide to Site Criteria', BSIL, London.

 

CABE Space - see 'Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE)

Cairns, Sally, 2001, 'Why walking and urban green spaces are good for each other', Town and Country Planning 70 (4), April, pp102-103.

Carroll, John, 1999, 'Urban Leisure', Paper presented to the 1999 Town and Country Planning Summer School, available at http://www.planningsummerschool.com/

Caseley-Hayford, Margaret, 1997, 'It's time to take a firmer hand' (leisure sector), Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Central Council for Physical Recreation, 1997, 'A Manifesto for Sport - A Sporting Future', CCPR, London.

Centre for Local Economic Strategies, Manchester, tel. (0161) 236 7036:
- website: http://www.cles.org.uk
'Community Garden to Westminster: Active citizenship and the role of public space', July 2005, http://www.active-citizen.org.uk/files/downloads/Reports/Public%20Spaces%20Ac%20report%20final%20pdf.pdf

Chadwick, G, 1966, 'The Park and the Town', Architectural Press, London;

Chadwick, Simon, 2001, 'How football facilities score green belt wins' (Secretary of State's decision to allow Derby County Football Club to build an academy in the green belt), Planning 1435, 7.9.01, p20.

Chris Blandford Associates, 2006, ‘Harlow Green Infrastructure Plan’, Report produced for an ODPM Steering Group, April, http://www.harlow.gov.uk/gip

Chisholm, Alastair, 1999, 'Animal magic' (the Urban Task Force's relative neglect of the importance wildlife in towns and cities), Public Service and Local Government, September.

Citizens' Task Force on the Use and Security of Central Park, 1990, 'Central Park: the Heart of the City', Central Park Conservancy, New York City, March.

CIWEM, 1999, 'Policy Position Statement 3: Nature Conservation and urban greenspace', CIWEM, London.

Clark, Peter, 2006, 'The European City and Green Space: London, Stockholm, Helsinki and St. Petersburg, 1850-2000', Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 0 7546 5429 X

Clousten, Brian, 1981, 'Trees in Towns', ?
Clouston, Brian, 1990, 'Landscape Design with Plants'.

Coalter, Fred, with Allison, Mary & Taylor, John, 2000, 'The Role of Sport in Regenerating Deprived Urban Areas', Report by the Centre for Leisure Research, University of Edinburgh, The Scottish Executive Development Department Research Programme Research Findings No. 86 and at http://www.scotland.gov.uk

Cobham Resource Consultants, 1996, 'Planning for London's trees: guidelines for borough strategies', Cobham Resource Consultants, Manchester, £7.50.

Cole, L, 1980, 'Wildlife in the City: A Study of Practical Conservation Projects', (former) Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.
Cole, L, 1983, 'Urban nature conservation', in Warren, A & Goldsmith, F.B. (eds.), 1983, 'Conservation in practice', John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, Sussex, pp267-286.

Collins, Michael, 1994, 'The Sporting Life - Sport, Health and Active Recreation in Urban Parks', Comedia, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire.

Command Papers (HM Government), available from The Stationery Office (TSO) (was HMSO until 1997):
'Sport and Recreation', Cmnd. 6200, 1975.
'Policy for the Inner Cities', Cmnd. 6845, 1977.
'Streamlining the Cities: Government Proposals for Reorganising Local Government in Greater London and the Metropolitan Counties', Cmnd. 9063, 1983.

Comedia publications available from Comedia, The Round, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire GL6 7AL,
tel. (01452) 770624:
(Comedia & Demos), 'Reclaiming the night: night time use and safety in Britain's Parks', 1994.
(Comedia & Demos), 'Preliminary Issues. The Future of Urban Parks and Open Spaces', Working Paper no. 1, Comedia in association with Demos, London, 1994.
'Park Life: Urban Parks and Social Renewal', 1995.
Comedia in Association with Demos, 'The Future of Public Parks in the UK', 1995.

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) (including CABE Space)
(CABE & Sport England), 'Better Places for Sport', May 2003, and at http://www.sportengland.org
'The Value of Public Spaces, March 2004, http://www.itsyourspace.org.uk/whydoesitmatter.asp
'Green Space Strategies: A Good Practice Guide', June 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'A Guide to Producing Park and Green Space Management Plans', June 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'Is the Grass Greener?', 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'Parks Need People Skills', September 2004, and at http://www.cabe.org.uk
'Preventing Anti-Social Behaviour in Public Places', November 2004:
'Green Space Strategies: a good practice guide', 2004.
'Peoples' perceptions of parks' (?exact title), Report of a MORI Survey, January 2005.
'Parks and Squares: Who Cares?', February 2005, http://www.cabespace.org.uk/data/pdfs/Parksquares_final_web.pdf
'Decent Parks? Decent Behaviour?', May 2005, http://www.cabe.org.uk/publications
'Parks Need Parkforce', September 2005.
'Does Money Grow on Trees?', ?
'Partnership Working and the delivery of successful public spaces', 'eg' (promoting local sustainable development), 13 (3/4), May/June, pp6-7

Community Development Foundation (CDF), 60 Highbury Grove London N5 2AG,
tel. (020) 7226 5375, fax. (020) 7704 0313, email: admin@cdf.org.uk
- website: http://www.cdf.org.uk
'Changing where we live: A guide to working with communities to create green and sustainable communities', ?2004, ISBN: 1 901974 48 0

Connor, Lee, 2002, 'Waste years in the city', (Jubilee Gardens on London's south bank), Regeneration & Renewal, 1.2.01, pp16-17

Conway, H, 1991, 'People's Parks, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Cooke, Michael, 1997, 'Grounds for redevelopment' (football grounds and regeneration), Urban Environment Today, 3.4.97

Cooper, Marcus C & Francis, C, 1990, 'People Places: design guidelines for urban open space', Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

Cooper, Nigel, 1993, 'Wildlife in Church and Churchyard', The Council for the Care of Churches, Church House Publishing, London.

Countryside Commission (in April 1999 merged with the Rural Development Commission to form
the Countryside Agency) - publications available from TCA Sales, Wetherby:
'Planning for a the countryside and wildlife within metropolitan areas', Countryside Commission and (former) Nature Conservation Council, 1988.
'Countryside and Nature Conservation Issues in District Local Plans', 1991.
'Green Capital: Planning for London's Greenspace', CCP344, 1991.
'Action for London's trees: investing in a leafy capital', CCP 433, 1993. ISBN 0 86170 4037
'Green capital: planning for London's greenspace', CCP 344, 1994
'Securing a greener future for London: a response to the consultation document 'London: Making the best better', CCP 462 Countryside Commission, Northampton, 1994.
'Countryside Commission/Government Office for London', 'Study of London's Green Corridors', Countryside Commission South East Regional Office, London WC2, 1995.
'Linking Town and Countryside', 1999. (OFL on 26.3.99)

Cranz, G, 1982, 'The politics of park design', MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachussets / London.

Crick, Humphrey et al, 2002, 'Investigation into the Causes of the Decline of Starlings and House Sparrows', August, DEFRA Publications, Admail 6000, London SW1A 2XX, tel: (08459) 556000. (PB 7294). http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/resprog/findings/sparrow/index.htm

Crouch, David, 1994, 'The popular culture of City Parks', Comedia.
Crouch, David, 1998, 'Rewriting the plot on city allotments', Planning 1275, 3.7.98.
Crouch, Davi; Sempik, J & Wiltshire, R, 2001, 'Growing in the Community: A Good Practice Guide for the Management of Allotments', Local Government Association, London.

Cuthbertson, Anne, 1996, 'Wasteland to Wetlands', (Bran Elms housing site, South West London), Planning Week 4 (36), 5.9.96.

Davidson, J., 1988, 'How green is your city?', Bedford Square Press, London.

Davies, D & Shaw, A, 1995, 'Reusing Old Graves: A Report on Popular British Attitudes', Shaw & Sons.

Dawe, G.F.M, (ed.), 1990, 'The Urban Environment: A Sourcebook for the 1990s', Centre for Urban Ecology / English Nature / World Wide Fund for Nature.

de Castellla, Tom, 2005, 'Renewers back leisure role' (leisure developments and community vitality), Planning 1626, 1.7.05, p15

Demos, 1999, 'Park Life' (author: Ken Worpole), Demos, October.

Deneke, F, 1983, 'Urban and community forestry. Where are we going?', Journal of Arboriculture 8, pp99-101.

Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), London
- DCMS publications from tel. (020) 7211 6200:
- website: http://www.dcms.gov.uk:
'New links for the Lottery: proposals for the New Opportunities Fund' (consultation paper on the proposals particularly emphasising urban open space improvements), Cm 4166, TSO, London, 1998.
'A Report to the Social Exclusion Unit - Arts and Sport', commissioned by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) from Policy Action Team 10,and available from Joanna Carpenter at the DCMS Strategy Unit, July 1999.
'Progress on local cultural strategies', March 2000.
'A Sporting Future for All', DCMS & the DfEE, April 2000 and at: http://www.culture.gov.uk
'Designing for Sport and Arts', February 2001.
'Creating Opportunities', tel. (020) 7211 6200, January 2001.
'Building on PAT10: Department of Culture, Media and Sport Report on Social Inclusion', March 2001.
'A Safe bet for success', April 2002, and at http://www.dcms.gov.uk
'Bring Communities Together Through Sport and Culture', 2004.
'Casinos: Statement of National Policy', January 2005, http://www.culture.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/endlxltrhwnydvtr55fcp42ahubhdjhmhbg6fi
’Olympic Games Impact Study’, January 2006.
‘Casino Advisory Panel guidance’, January 2006, http://www.culture.gov.uk/cap/what.htm

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (replaced MAFF in June 2001)
- website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/
'The Environmental Quality Survey for England, 2001 - 2002', October 2002, and at http://www.encams.org

Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) (June 2001-May 2002)
- website: http://www.dtlr.gov.uk
'Green Spaces, Better Places: Interim report of the urban green spaces taskforce', November 2001, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=4040&heading=e-mail+alert
'Allotments: A plot holders' guide', February 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=5362&heading=e-mail+alert
'Green Spaces Better Places', May 2002, http://www.urban.dtlr.gov.uk/taskforce/index.htm
'Improving urban parks, play areas and green spaces', 2002, ISBN 1 851112 57609, £25, http://www.urban.dtlr.gov.uk/taskforce/gspaces/summary/index.htm

Department of the Environment (DOE) (former; from June 1997 to June 2001 part of the
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions; DETR):
Circular 36/78, 'Trees in Towns', HMSO, 1976.
'Developing Sport and Leisure,' DOE Inner Cities Directorate, 1989.
'Greening city sites',' HMSO, 1989.
'Tourism and the Inner City: an evaluation of the impact of grant-assisted tourism projects', DOE Inner Cities Directorate, 1990.
'Royal Parks Review: Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens', HMSO, London, 1991.
'Planning Policy Guidance Note 17, Recreation and Open Space', HMSO, 1991 (draft DETR revised version, 2001)
Planning Policy Guidance Note 21,'Tourism and Planning', HMSO, 1992.
Planning Policy Guidance Note 9, 'Nature Conservation', HMSO, 1994.
'Trees in Towns,' prepared for the DOE by Land Use Consultants, HMSO, 1993.
'Urban Tree Strategies', 1994.
'Urban Trees and Streets,' 1994.
'The Guide to the Law and Good Practice,' (on TPOs), 1994.
'Planning Applications Procedures: Statutory Consultees: The Sports Council', DOE Development Control Policy Division, 1995.
'The impact of Environmental Improvements on Urban Regeneration', HMSO, London. UK/P95/428.
'The Body Language of Trees: A Handbook for Failure Analysis', DOE Research for Amenity Trees no 4, November 1995.
'People, Parks and Cities: A guide to current practice in urban parks and environmental spaces', HMSO, 1996.
*Greening the City: A Guide to Good Practice' (by GFA Consulting for the Department of the Environment), HMSO, 1996. Documents Division UK/P96/271
'Urban Woodland and the Benefits for Local Air Quality', HMSO, 1997.
'Guide to Good Practice in Managing Environmental Projects', TSO, March 1997.
Research for Amenity Trees series.
No 3 Urban tree strategies, DoE, 1994 (out of print)
No 5 Urban woodland and the benefits for local air quality, The Stationery Office, 1996.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (1997-2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)'Tree Preservation Orders: 'Draft Regulations', July 1998.
'The Government's Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee's report on 'The Future for Allotments', TSO, September 1998.
'Effectiveness of Planning Policy Guidance on Sport and Recreation', October 1998.
'Tree Preservation Orders - Draft Regulations' (consultation paper), July 1998.
''Towards an Urban Renaissance: The Report of the Urban Task Force chaired by Lord Rogers of Riverside', Routledge, June 1999. ISBN 1 851121 65X (Executive Summary available from DETR Free Literature, Wetherby and available at http://www.detr.gov.uk (OFL on 29.6.99)
'Roots and Routes', draft guidance produced in conjunction with Local Highway Authorities, the Arboricultural Association, the London Tree Officers Association and the Arboricultural Advisory and Information Service, Rural Development Division, July 1999 and available at http://www.detr.gov.uk
'High Hedges: possible solutions. A consultation paper covering England and Wales', DETR Free Literature, November 1999, at:- http://www.wildlife-countryside.detr.gov.uk/consult/highhedges/index.htm
'Town and Country Parks (Government Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee Report)', January 2000, at:- http://www.regeneration.detr.gov.uk/response/parks/index.htm
'Government Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Report - Town and Country Parks', tel. (020) 7890 6556.
'Demolition of Sports Facilities Consultation' (27 October 2000), August 2000, http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/consult/sports/index.htm
*'Our Towns and Cities: The future - Delivering an urban renaissance', November 2000, http://www.regeneration.detr.gov.uk/policies/ourtowns/cm4911/index.htm
'Our Towns and Cities: The future - Delivering an urban renaissance - Regional case studies', November 2000,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=606&heading=Email+Alert
'Planning Policy Guidance 17: Draft Revised Planning Policy Guidance Note on Sport, Open Space and Recreation (PPG 17): for Public Consultation, March 2001, http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/consult/ppg17revised/index.htm
'The Effectiveness of Planning Policy Guidance on Sport and Recreation', May 2001,
http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/eppgsr/index.htm
'Green Spaces, Better Places - Interim Report of the Urban Green Spaces Taskforce', November 2001,
http://www.urban.dtlr.gov.uk/taskforce/index.htm
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)

Dewar, David, 1999, 'Ruling stadium moves offside' (football-related applications and the environment), Planning 1323, 18.6.99.
Dewar, David, 2003, 'Fighting for natural causes' (NEF Green Cities report), Planning 1510, 14.3.03, p8
Dewar, David, 2003, 'Dismal state of urban space prompts outcry' (House of Commons ODPM Select Committee report), Planning 1531, 8.8.03, p9

Dietz, Michael, 2006, 'The impact of rain gardens on water pollution' (?exact title), Environmental Science and Technology, & c.f.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/sci/tech/4654362.stm

Douglas, I, 1983, 'The Urban Environment', Edward Arnold, London.
Douglas, I & Box, J, (eds.), 2000, 'The Changing Relationship between Cities and Biosphere Reserves', Report for Urban Forum of the UK MAB Committee, derived from a workshop held in Manchester in 1994, May.

Duffield, B & Walker, S, 1983, 'Urban Parks and Open Spaces - a review', Tourism and Recreation Research Unit, Edinburgh, published by the Sports Council and Social Science Research Council, in Burgess et al, 1988, 'People, Parks and the Urban Green: A study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city', Urban Studies 25, pp455-473.

Dugdill, Gerald, 1998, 'Ploughing landfill tax back into cities', Urban Environment Today, 11.6.98.

Dunk, J & Rugg, J, 1994, 'The Management of Old Cemetery Land', Shaw & Sons.

Dunnett, C; Swanwick, C & Woolley, M, 2002, 'Improving Urban Parks, Play Areas and Open Spaces', Urban Research Report, (former) Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions, London & Federation of City Farms and Community Gardens, Bristol & c.f. http://www.farmgarden.org.uk

Dunnet, Nigel & Hitchmough, James, (eds.) 2004, 'The Dynamic Landscape: Design, Ecology and Management of Naturalistic Urban Planning', Taylor & Francis, London. ISBN 0 415 25620 8

Durk, Mark, 2001, 'Community forests now finding urban roots', Urban Environment Today, 11.10.01, p11

Dutton, R & Bradshaw, A, 1982, 'Land Reclamation in Cities', HMSO, London.

Early, Cahterine, 2006, 'Experts debate virtues of a single casino pilot', Planning 1855, 10.2.06, p9

Economic and Social Research Council, 2-005, ''Living cities: a new agenda for urban nature', ESRC, Swindon, Witlshire, http://www.open.ac.uk/socialsciences/habitable_cities/habitable_citiessubset/habitable_citiesinfopops/policy_forum.pdf

Edwards, Peter, 2000, 'Avoiding own goals in the sports field' (leisure facilities on the urban fringe and green belt guidance), Planning 1385, 8.9.00.

Elkin, T, 1991, 'Chapter 4: Green Space and Wildlife', in Reviving the City', Friends of the Earth, London. HT153.E5.

Elliott, Brent, 1989, 'Mortal Remains: The History and Present State of the Victorian and Edwardian Cemetery', Exeter.

Emery, M., 1986, 'Promoting nature in cities and towns', Croom Helm.

English Heritage (EH) publications, available from tel. (0870) 333 1181 or
English Heritage Customer Services, Kemble Drive,
Swindon, Wiltshire, SN2 2GZ, tel. (0870) 333 1181, (01793) 414911, fax. (01793) 414926
- website: http://www.english-heritage.org.uk
'The Register of Parks and Gardens', 1992.
'London: The Green City' (report by Kim Wilkie Associates for English Heritage on the reintegration of Hyde Park Corner with Green Park and Hyde Park), March 2001, free.
'State of the Historic Environment 2002', November 2002.

English Nature publications available from EN Enquiries Services, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA,
tel. (01733) 455100, fax. (01733) 455103, email: enquiries@english-nature.org.uk or from Telelink,
PO Box 100, Fareham PO15 2SX, tel. (01329) 331300, email: reception@telelink.co.uk:
- see also Annual Reports, 1991-
'Rooted in stone: the natural flora of urban walls', 1992. ISBN 1 85716 044 4.
'The flowering of cities: the natural flora of urban 'commons', 1992. ISBN 1 85716 047 9
'Proposals for the classification, description and mapping of soils in urban areas', 1992. ISBN 1 85716 042 8.
'Planning for Wildlife in towns and cities', (David Tyldesley & Associates), 1994. ISBN 1 85716 147 5
'Human Well-being and natural landscape and wildlife in urban areas', 1994.
'Providing accessible Natural Green space in cities a review of appropriate size and distance criteria', English Nature Research Reports No. 153, ISBN 0967-876X, 1995.
'A framework for the future: green networks with multiple uses in and around towns and cities', English Nature Research Reports No. 256, ISBN 0967-876X, 1997.
'Revealing the Value of Nature', 2002, free.
'Review of the coverage of Urban Habitats and Species within the UK Biodiversity Action Plan', ENRR 651, 2005.
'Audit of Towns, Cities and Development Workstream of the England Biodiversity Strategy' (by Stephanie Wray, Jacqueline Hay, Hannah Walker & Rowena Staff), EN Research Report no. 652, 2005.

English Partnerships, 2001, 'A growing partnership', tel. (01925) 644636, email: publications@englishpartnership.co.uk

English Sports Council (now known as 'Sport England':
'Open All Hours: Managing Community Sports Facilities on School Sites', 1994.
'Planning Bulletin no. 1: 'Playing Fields for Sport', May 1997.
'Open All Hours: Managing Community Sports Faciltiies on School Sites', 1997.
'A Sporting Future for the Playing Fields of England', 1997.

English, Ruth, 1995, 'Tourism as a Tool for Economic Regeneration: the Middlesborough Experience,' Report of Proceedings, Town and Country Planning Summer School, University of Exeter, 2-13 September 1995, RTPI, London.

Environ, 1996?, 'Open Spaces', (audit of open space in Leicester), Environ, Leicester.

Environment Agency, Head Office, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec House, Aztec West,
Almondsbury, Bristol BS12 4UD, tel. (01454) 624400 -
websites: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk & http://www.environment-agency.wales.gov.uk
'River restoration - a stepping stone to urban regeneration', 2002, ISBN 1 85 7059042

Europe Economics, 2006, ‘Critical Success Factors for Regional Casinos’, Europe Economics, January, http://www.eer.co.uk/download/06mcc.pdf

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 1996, 'What Future for Urban Environments in Europe?', Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

European Greenways Association / Association europeene des Voies vertes, 2000, 'The European Greenways Good Practice Guide: Examples of actions undertaken in cities and the periphery', available in English, French, German, Spanish, European Greenways Association / Association europeene des Voies vertes, Gare de Namur, boite 27, B-5000 Namur, tel. +32 81 224256, fax. +32 81 229002, email: aevv.ogwa@gate71.be (OFL on 28.6.00)

Fagg, Barry, 1998, 'Breathing new life into a green lung' (Lee Valley Regional Park), Planning 10.7.98.

Farrell, Terry, 1999, 'The Royal Parks Review, 1995-1997'. Text, plans and summary by Terry Farrell. Published on RUDI on May 11, 1999 at http://www.rudi.herts.ac.uk/
Farrell, Sir Terry, 2003, 'Buckingham Palace Redesigned', Andreas Papadakis, London, tel. (020) 7823 2323, ISBN 1 901092 40 2

Feature, 1997, 'Playing for Spaces' Urban Environment Today, 1.5.97.
Feature, 1998, 'Rangers to revive urban realm', Urban Environment Today, 22.1.98
Feature, 1999, 'Digging in for Growth' (Allotments, City Farms and the threat from development), Urban Environment Today, 13.5.99.
Feature, 2002, 'Going for gold' ((the use of intelligent transport systems in the Manchester Commonwealth Games), Surveyor 189 (5691), 8.8.02, pp16-18.

Festing, Hariet, 2000, 'Somewhere for the kinds' (public childrens' gardens in the USA), Town and Country Planning 69 (12), December.
Festing, Harriet, 2001, 'Turning public space around: (experience of the US charity Project for Public Spaces), Town and Country Planning 70 (5), May, p148-149.

Forbes, Stephen & Kendle, Tony, 1997, 'Urban Nature Conservation: Landscape Management in the Urban Countryside', Taylor & Francis, Abdingdon, Oxfordshire. ISBN 0 419 19300 6

Forestry Commission:
'Handbook 11: Creating and Managing Woodland around Towns', HMSO, 1995.
'A New Focus for England's Woodland', Forestry Commission, Greater Eastern house, Tenison Road, Cambridge CB1 2DU, tel. (01223) 314546, 1998.
(Forestry Commission & National Urban Forestry Unit), 'The Potential for Woodland on Urban and Industrial Waste', available from (01223) 314546, June 2000.

Francis, M; Cashdan, L & Paxson, L, 1987, 'Community open spaces', Island Press, Washington DC.

Freeman, Claire, 1996, 'Deflecting development: competing pressures on urban greenspace', Planning Practice and Research 11 (4), November, pp.365-377.

Frith, Matthew, 2002, 'Why we all need a walk in the park', (urban parks and health services), Forum for the Future) Green Futures 34 (May/June), p45, http://www.greenfutures.org.uk
Frith, Matthew, 2006, 'Green deserts in a concrete jungle', 'eg' (promoting local sustainable development), 13 (3/4), May/June, pp4-5

Frost, Pete, 2001, 'Urban biosphere reserves - re-integrating people with the natural environment', Town and Country Planning 70 (7/8), July/August, pp213-215.

Fyson, Anthony, 1998, 'A lack of time is no reason for lack of allotment hours', Planning 1289, 9.10.98.
Fyson, Anthony, 2002, 'The Park's place in a city's revival', Planning 1470, 24.5.02, p10.
Fyson, Anthony, 2004, 'Question led by casino-led urban renewal', Planning 1593, 29.10.04, p12

Gambling Review Body, 2002, 'Gambling Review Report', Gambling Review Body, tel. (0870) 600 5522, March.

Gandy, Matthew, 2002, 'Concrete and Clay: Reworking Nature in New York City', The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ISBN 0 262 07224 6, http://mitpress.mit.edu

Garde, Ajay M, 1999, 'Marginal Spaces in the Urban Landscape: Regulated margins or Incidental Open Spaces?', Journal of Planning Education and Research (US Association of Collegiate Schools in Planning 18 (3), Spring.

Garden History Society, 1995, 'Protection of Parks and Gardens in Development Plans', GHS, Station House, Church Lane, Wickwas, Gloucestershire, GL12 8NB.

Gardening Which, 1999, 'A Blueprint for Trees', available from Gardening Which? PO Box 44, Hertford SG14 1SH.

Garlick, Richard, 2002, 'No funds for open spaces' (House of Commons report on parks), Regeneration & Renewal, 1.3.02, p12

Garnett, Tara, 1996, 'Growing Food in Cities', NFA and SAFE Alliance, London (now renamed 'Sustain').

Garvin, A. & Leinberger, C, 1997, 'Urban Parks and Open Space', Urban Land Institute, Washington DC.
Garvin, A & Berens, G., 1998, 'Urban Parks and Open Space', RICS Books, London. (OFL on 26.2.99)

Geddes, P, 1904, 'City Development: A Study of Parks, Gardens, and Culture Institutes. A Report to the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust', The St. George Press, Edinburgh.

Gibbons, Joanna & Oberholzer, Bernard, 1991, 'Urban Streetscapes: a Workbook for Designers', ?

Gilbert, O.L., 1989, 'The Ecology of Urban Habitats', Chapman &Hall, London.

Girling, Cynthia L & Helphand, Kenneth I, 1994, 'Yard, Street, Park: The Design of Suburban Open Space', John Wiley and Son, New York.

Gobster, P.H, 1995, 'Perception and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation', Landscape and Urban Planning 33, pp401-413.

Goodall, B., 1987, 'Tourism Policy and Jobs in the UK', Built Environment, 13 (2).

Goode, David, 1997, 'The nature of cities', Landscape Design, September, pp14-16 &18.

Gold, S.M, 1973, 'Urban Recreation Planning', 1st edition, Lea and Fabiger, USA.

Gordon, David, (ed.), 1990, 'Green Cities: Ecologically Sound Approaches to Urban Space', Black Rose, Canada.

Greater London Authority (GLA), London, GLA, tel. (020) 7983 4090:
- website: http://www.london.gov.uk
'The Biodiversity Strategy', September 2001, and at http://www.london.gov.uk
'Scrutiny of Green Spaces', November 2001, and at http://www.london.gov.uk
'Connecting with London's Nature', August 2002, and at http://www.london.gov.uk
'Guide to Preparing Open Space Strategies', March 2004, and at http://www.planningresource.co.uk

Green Alliance, 2000, 'In our backyard: the social promise of environmentalism', The Green Alliance, London, tel. (020) 7233 7433, September 2000 (OFL on 10.10.00)

Green Gateway, 2002, 'Green Gateway - Urban Regeneration in the Thames Gateway Using Trees and Woods', February 2002, Green Gateway, tel. (01708) 641880.

Green, Ray, 1999, 'Compaction and greener cities', (growth in the shires and the potential for a new concept in city and country living), Town and Country Planning 68 (10), October.

Greenhaigh, Liz & Worpole, Ken, 1995, 'Park Life: urban parks and social renewal', Comedia/Demos, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
Greenhaigh, Liz; Worpole, Ken & Grove-White, R, 1996, 'People, parks and cities: A Guide to current good practice in Urban Parks and Environmental Spaces', (former) Department of the Environment (DOE), HMSO, London.

Green Space, Reading, tel. (0118) 946 9060:
- website: http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Claiming your share: a guide to external funding for parks and green spaces for parks and green spaces community groups', 2004. ISBN 0954266331
'Making a Difference: How to Set up and Maintain a Community Group', April 2004, and at http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Engaging Communities' ?, http://www.green-space.org.uk

Greig-Smith, Heather, 2004, 'Does the house always win' (gambliong laws in the UK and overseas), Regeneration & Renewal, 26.11.04, pp24-25

Grey, Gene W, 1996, 'The urban forest: comprehensive management', John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 0471 122750.

Griffiths, Ben, 1997, 'Cemetery overload', Planning 1206, 21.2.97.

Groundwork, 2001, 'New Urban Landscapes in London', Groundwork, London, tel. (020) 7922 1230.

Groundwork UK, 2003, 'Barclays SiteSavers and Sustainability: Making Change Happen and Making it Last', Groundwork UK, Birmingham, tel. (0121) 236 8565, October.

Grove, A.B & Cresswell, R.W, (eds.), 1983, 'City Landscape: A Contribution to The Council of Europe's Campaign for Urban Renaissance', Butterworths, London.

Hall Aitken consultancy, 2006, ‘The Social and Economic Costs of Regional Casinos in the UK’, Hall Aitken consultancy, Glasgow, tel. (0141) 204 3183.

Hannigan, John, 1998, 'Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis', Routledge, London. ISBN 0 415 15097 3 (Hb) / 0 415 15098 1 (pb)

Harding, Stewart, 1999, 'The wind of change' (Urban Parks programme and the regeneration of parks), Landscape Design, March, pp23-25.
Harding, Stewart et al, 2001, 'Audit of recreational open spaces' (?exact title), Policy Studies Institute, London, August.

Harris, Stephen & Baker, Phil, 1996 & 2001, 'Urban Foxes', Whittet Books..

Harrison, C.M; Burgess, J; Millward, A & Dawe, C, 1995, 'Accessible natural greenspace in towns and cities: A review of appropriate size and distance criteria', English Nature Research Report no. 153, EN, Peterborough.
Harrison, C.M; Limb, M & Burgess, J, 1987, 'Nature in the city: popular values for a living world', Journal of Environmental Management 25, pp347-362.

Heathcote, J; Martin, D; Pewtts (eds.), G, 2001, 'Urban Rivers: Our Inheritance and Future', IWA Publishing, ISBN 1900222221, http://www.iwapublishing.com

Hechser, A & Robinson,, 1977, 'Open Spaces: The Life of American Cities', Harper & Row, New York.

Heynen, Nik; Kalka, Maria & Swyngedouw, 2006, 'In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism', Routledge, London, ISBN 0 415 36827 8 (Hb) / 0 415 36828 6 (pb)

Hicks, D.A, 1987, 'Urban Policy in the US: Introduction', Urban Studies 24 (6), pp439-446.

Hendricks, Barbara E, 2000, 'Designing for Play' (playground design), Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 0 7546 1320 8

Heritage Lottery Fund, 2001, 'Public Park Assessment', July and at http://www.hlf.org.uk

Her Majesty's Government, 2003, 'Government response to ODPM Select Committee report on Living Places: Cleaner, Safer, Greener', Command Paper Cm 5989, TSO, October 2003, ISBN: 0-10-159892-0, Abstract: http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmodpm/673/67302.htm">Eleventh report (HC 673)

Hibberd, B.G. (ed), 1989, 'Urban forestry practice', Forestry Commission handbook 5.

Highways Agency, London, tel. (020) 7921 4998 / (08457) 504300:
'Urban Tree Planting', 1996.

Holtkott, Saskia, 1997, 'Sheffield's green heritage', Landscape Design, March, pp14-17.
Holtkott, Saskia & Harrison, Stephen, 1998, 'Urban Park Rangers', ILAM Bookshop.

Hopkins, John, 2002, 'Lack of funding hits public realm' (learning from US experience of innovative tax and finance-easing tools to fund urban parks and open spaces), Regeneration & Renewal, 5.4.02, p8

Hough, Michael, 1984, 'City Form and Natural Process - Towards a New Urban Vernacular', Croom Helm, London.
Hough, Michael, 1995, 'Cities and Natural Processes', Routledge, London.
Hough, Michael, 2004, 'Cities and Natural Process A Basis for Sustainability' (second edition), Routledge, London, ISBN 0415298555

House of Commons & Royal Parks Agency., 2001, 'Royal Parks Agency annual report and accounts 2000-2001', House of Commons Papers, 2001-02, HC 42, TSO, July, ISBN: 0-10-291111-8.

House of Commons Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee;
publications available from The Stationery Office, tel. (0345) 023474:
*'The Future for Allotments', HC560-I, TSO, London, 1998.
''Town and Country Parks', HC 477, TSO, tel. (0345) 023474, October 1999.
'Eighth Report: Cemeteries', HC 91-I, Session 1999-2000, TSO, tel. (0870) 122 6236, April 2001.

House of Commons; Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: Housing Planning Local Government and the Regions Committee, 2003, 'Living places: cleaner, safer, greener: eleventh report of session 2002-03: volume I: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence', House of Commons Papers, 2002-03
Place in Series: HC 673-I, TSO, July, ISBN: 0-215-01213-5, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmodpm/673/673.pdf

House of Commons Urban Affairs Sub-Committee
'Public Spaces: The Role of PPG17 in the Urban Renaissance', February 2002, TSO, tel. (0870) 600 5522, and at http://www.planning.haynet.com and http://www.parliament.gov.uk/commons/selcom

Hoyle, Martin, 1994, 'Lost connections and New Directions: the Private Garden and the Public Park', Comedia, The Round, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire GL6 7AL.

Howe, Joe, 2001, 'Nourishing the City' (metropolitan planning authorities' attitudes to and policies on urban food growing), Town and Country Planning 70 (1), January.

Hubbard, Phil, 2000, 'Save our screens?' (trends in cinema-going and the implications for planning policy), Town and Country Planning 69 (10), October.
Hubbard, Phil, 2002, 'Out of town leisure experience means centres must play to different audience', Urban Environment Today 148, 30.5.02, p8.

Hughes, B, 1994, 'Lost Childhoods: Taking Childrens' Play Seriously', The Future of Urban Parks and Open Space, Working Paper no. 3, Comedia in association with Demos, London.

Hugill, Barry, 2001, 'Sports, funding, action' (Sport Action Zones and deprivation in Bradford), Regeneration and Renewal, 11.5.01, pp16-17.

Hussein, Ian, 1993, 'Extending the Life of Existing Cemeteries', IBCA (Instiute of Burials and Cremation Administration), 1 The Terrace, City of London Cemetery, Manor Park, London E12 5DO.

Hyde, Michael, 1998, 'City Fields: Country Gardens', Allotment Essays, 5 Leaves Publications, Nottingham, tel. (0115) 969 3597, August.

Improvement and Development Agency (IDeA)
'Moving Towards Excellence in Planning: Public Places and Open Spaces', ?, http://www.idea-knowledge.gov.uk

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
- website: http://www.iclei.org
ICLEI case studies, available at: http://www.iclei.org/iclei/casestud.htm
'Community-Managed Open Space Program of Chicago, USA', 2001.

Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management, 2000, 'A good practice guide to park management', ILAM, tel. (01491) 874800, September 2000.

Irvine, Seana; Johnson, Lorraine & Peter, Kim, 1999, 'Community Gardens and Sustainable Land Use Planning: a case-study of the Alex Wilson Community Garden', (Carfax) Local Environment 4 (1), February.

 

Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'Placing limits on the pursuits of pleasure', Planning 1211, 27.3.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'How to play the entertainment game', Planning 1246, 28.11.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1999, 'A sporting chance', (interview with Terry Stevens about using sport and leisure facilities to boost tourism), Planning 1336, 17.9.99.

Johnston, J. 1990, 'Nature Areas for City People: a Guide to the successful establishment of community wildlife sites', Ecology Handbook 14, London Ecology Unit, London.

Johnston, Jacklyn & Newton, John, 1997, 'Building Green: A Guide to using Plants on Roofs, Walls and Pavements', London Ecology Unit, London.

Johnston, M., 1999, 'The Springtime of Urban Forestry in Britain - Developments between the 1st and 3rd Conferences, 1988-1993', Part I, Arboricultural Journal 23, pp233-260.

Johnstone, Pete, 2003, 'Greens initiative embraced' (doorstep green initiative), Planning 1539, 13.10.03, p15

Jones, Graham, 1995, 'Sport and recreation advice up for renewal', Planning 1116, 28.4.95.
Jones, Graham, 1996, 'Leisure provision needs new plan as wheel turns full circle', Planning 1152, 19.1.96
Jones, Graham, 1996, 'Magpies on the move cast a shadow over the allotments', (Newcastle football stadium relocation plans) Planning no. 1195, 6.9.96.
Jones, Graham, 1996, 'Valley Park navigates a course through conflict', (Lee Valley Regional Park), Planning no. 1189, 4.10.96.
Jones, Graham, 1997, 'Leisure is a treasure to be cherished', Planning 1246, 28.11.97.
Jones, Graham, 1998, 'Leisure standards; the time to think again', Planning 1289, 9.10.98.

Jones, Maggie, 1998, 'A comparison of the provision of green spaces between urbanised areas in 2 European localities' (Salford and St. Ouen) on the effect of Local Agenda 21 and their respective planning strategies', Managing Leisure 3 (2).

Jones, Nerys, 1999, 'Leaf of faith' (the work of the National Urban Forestry Unit), The Leisure Manager, March.
Jones, Nerys, 1999, 'Into the woods' (trees in urban areas), New Start 1 (20-25), June, pp12-13.

Jones, Peter & Hillier, David, 2000, 'Multi-leisure complexes' (planning and urban policy issues), Town and Country Planning 69 (12), December.

JURUE: ECOTEC Research and Consultancy Ltd, 1988, 'Greening City Sites', Case Studies of Good Practice in Urban Regeneration, HMSO, London.

Kaika, Maria, 2005, 'City of Flows: Water, Modernity, and the City', Routledge, London, ISBN 0 415 94715 4 (Hb) / 0 415 94716 2 (pb)

Kelbaugh, Doug, 1989, 'The Pedestrian Pocket Park. A New Suburban Design Strategy', Princeton Architectural Press, New York.

Kelcey, J.G, 1978, 'The Green Environment of Inner Urban Areas', Environmental Conservation 5 3), pp197-203.
Kelcey, John G & Rheinwald, Goetz, (eds.), 2005, 'Birds of European Cities', Ginster Verlag, ISBN 3 9806817 2 6

Kendle, Tony & Forbes, Stephen, 1998, 'Urban Nature Conservation: Landscapes management in the urban countryside', E & F Spon, London. GP5511.KEN

Kochan, Ben, 1999, 'A Boost for Youth' (SRB5 funds for comprehensive strategies to cover education, training, crime and safety and leisure needs of social excluded young people), Urban Environment Today 78, 2.9.99.

Konijnendijk, C.C., 1999, Urban Forestry Policy-Making: A Comparative Study of Selected Cities in Europe', Arboricultural Journal 23, pp1-15.

Kornblum, W, 1978, 'The Psychology of City Space' in Taylor, L, (ed.), 1978, 'Urban Open Spaces', Academy Editions, London.

Kuhn, M, 1997, 'Rooftop Gardening Fact Sheets', available from Rooftop Gardens Resource Group, c/o Grow T.O.gether Community Gardeners, Ontario, Canada.

Kuo, Frances E et al, 1998, 'Fertile ground for community' (the effects of green common space onh social contact among neighours), American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(6), pp823-851

Lambert, David, 1995?, 'Public Prospects: Historic Urban Parks under threat', Garden History Society.

Landscape Architectural Review, 1991, 'Special Issue on safety in parks', 12 (2).

Landscape Design Trust, 13a West Street, Reigate, Surrey, RH2 9BL,
tel. (01737) 223294, fax. (01737) 224206, email: LDT@landscape.co.uk:
'Historic Parks and Gardens in the Planning System', 199?, ISBN 0 9518377 29
'Researching a Garden's History: A Guide to Documentary and Published Sources', 199? ISBN 0 9518377 02
'The Regeneration of Public Parks', 1999?

Landscape Institute, 1994, 'Urban Parks: A Discussion Paper', Landscape Institute, 6-7 Barnard Mews, London SW11 1QU

Laurie, L.C, 1973, 'Nature in Cities', 1st edition, John Wiley, Chichester, Sussex.

Law, Christopher M., 1992, 'Urban Tourism and its Contribution to Economic Regeneration', Urban Studies 29 (3/4).
Law, Christopher M., 1994, 'Urban Tourism. Attracting Visitors to Large Cities', Mansell.

Ledbury, Matthew, 2001, 'Can the role of the community cinema be preserved?', Urban Environment Today, 24.5.01, p8

Leinberger, A., 1997, 'Urban Parks and Open Space', ?, (OFL)

Lewis, Russell, 1995, 'Cambridge sets rules to defend city wildlife', Planning 1130, 4.8.95.

Local Government Association, Local Government House, Smith Square, London, SW1P 3HZ
tel. (020) 7664) 3000
- website: http://www.lga.gov.uk
'A New Commitment to Regeneration', 1997.
'Community Leadership and Community Planning: Developing a comprehensive strategy to promote the well-being of the area', 1998 and available on the web at http://www.lga.gov.uk
'Realising the Potential in Urban Areas - A Framework Document for an Urban Policy', 1998.
'Enriching People's Lives', Advocacy Paper for Leisure and Tourism', 1998
'New commitment to regeneration: a guidance note to pathfinders for preparing a comprehensive regeneration strategy and action plan', 1998, available from the LGA website.
'The road to regeneration an advocacy paper for leisure and tourism', 1999.
(LGA, former DETR & Shell Better Britain), 'A New Future for Allotments', 2000, and at http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/allotments
'Growing in the community: A Good practice guide for the management of allotments', 2001, ISBN 184049204X
'The Value of Parks and Open Spaces', Improvement and Development Agency, London, tel. (020) 7296 6600, September 2001
'Realising the Potential of Cultural Services Research Briefing 12 Point Three: The Case for Sport', November 2001.
'Realising the Potential of Cultural Services Research Briefing 12 Point Five: The Case for Urban Parks, Open Spaces and the Countryside', November 2001.

Lock, David, 1999, 'Off the Fence: The new Catch 22 on 'need' (leisure and retail development location), Town and Country Planning 68 (4), April

London Assembly Environment Committee,
'Crazy Paving', September 2005, http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/environment/frontgardens.pdf
'On the Cards' (casinos), November 2005, http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/econsd/casinos.pdf
 ‘Offside: The loss of London’s Playing Fields’, June 2006, http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/environment/playing-fields.pdf

London Ecology Unit, London, tel. (020) 7267 7944:
'Nature conservation guidelines for London', 1985.
'Nature areas for city people; a guide to the successful establishment of community wildlife sites', London Ecology Unit Handbook 14, 1990.

London Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC) (former):
'Effectiveness of Policy in Protecting Open Space in London', November 1999.
'Assessing Demand for Open Space in London', February 2000.
'Creating and Enhancing Open Space in London', March 2000.

London Wildlife Trust, tel. (020) 7261 0447:
'Creating a Greener London', August 2000.

London Transport, 1999, 'Leisure Developments in London', (and modal share), available free from LT, London, January.

London Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC), Romford
(former; became part of the Greater London Authority in summer 2000)
'Towards a Green Strategy for London: Strategic Open Space and Green Chains', Report by (the former) Thames Polytechnic, May 1991
'Open Space Planning in London', 1992..
'Landscape Change in London's Green Belt and MOL: A Study of Strategic Policy', CON31, May 1993
'Burial Space needs in London' (report by Halcrow Fox), CON56, January 1997
'Planning for Burial Space Needs in London', CON69, August 1997
'Leisure Development in London', ADV81, January 1999. (free)
'Open Environment Research Programme - progress report', February 2000.

London Wildlife Trust, 1998, 'A Manifesto for London's Wildlife', LWT, London.

Loney, Nick, 2003, 'Goal of the generation' (transforming deprived communties through sport; NDCs and the FA), Regeneration & Renewal 14.3.03, p23

Low, Nicholas: Gleeson, Brendon; Green, Ray & Radovic, Darko, 2005, 'The Green City: Sustainable Homes, Sustainable Suburbs', Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, Oxfordshire. ISBN 0 419 37231 3

Lowe, Andrew, 'A sporting chance for open space', Planning Week 4 (30), 25.1.96.

Luymes, D.T & Tamminga, K, 1995, 'Integrating public safety and use into planning urban greenways', Landscape and Urban Planning 33, pp391-400.

Mabey, Richard, ?, 'The Unofficial Countryside', ?

Madanipour, A., 1996, 'Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio-Spatial Process', John Wiley, London & Chichester, Sussex.

Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004, 'Delivering Public Space Regeneration and Building Grass Roots Sports Participation', availale from tel. (0121) 236 8565, September

Marcus, F., 1997, 'People, Places and Design Guidelines for Urban Open Spaces', 2nd edition, John Wiley, Chichester, Sussex (OFL)

Martin, Ruth & Marsden, Terry, 1999, 'Food for Urban Spaces: The Development of Urban Food Production in England and Wales', International Planning Studies 4 (3), October.

McCall, Anne & Doar, Nigel, 1997, 'The State of Scottish Greenspace', SNH Review Report no. 18, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

McCallum, Neil, 1998, 'Tourism points the way for renewal' (Thanet District Council), Planning 1290, 16.10.98.

Miller, R.W, 1988, 'Urban forestry: planning and managing urban greenspaces', Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Milne, Roger, 1997, 'Leisure gets boxed in by Gummer' (leisure developments and PPG6), Planning 1209, 14.3.97.

Minister for Sports Review Group, 1990, 'Sport and Active Recreation in the Inner Cities', Department of the Environment (DOE), London.

Mintel, 1998, 'The Multi-Leisure Parks', Mintel, London.

Mitrasinovic, Miodrag, 2006, ‘Total Landscape, Theme Park and Public Space’, Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire. ISBN 0 7546 4333 6

Mooney, Gerry; Fyfe, Nick, 2006, ‘New Labour and Community Protests: the Case of the Govanhill Swimming Pool Campaign, Glasgow’, Local Economy 21 (2), p136, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=U0U525166U87188X

Morphet, Janice, 1994, 'Parks, Open Space and the Future of Urban Planning,' Comedia, The Round, Bourne Green, Gloucestershire. GL6 7AL
Morphet, Janice, 1996, 'Open spaces, community places', Town and Country Planning 65 (5), May.

Mostyn, B.J, 1979, 'Personal Benefits and Satisfactions Derived from Participation in Urban Wildlife Projects: A Qualitative Evaluation', (former) Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Muir, Shirley, 1995, 'Space for Nature in Middlesborough', Borough Department of Community Development, (& c.f. Planning 19.1.96, p25).

Murray, Pippa, 2004, 'Making connections: Developing inclusive leisure in policy and practice', Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York. ISBN 1 85935 199 9

National Assembly for Wales, 2005, 'Arts, Sports and Community Regeneration', National Assembly for Wales' Culture, Welsh Language and Sports Committee, Cardiff.

National Audit Office (NAO)
- website: http://www.nao.org.uk
'NAO Good Practice Briefing for the Culture Media Sport Sector', Noovember 2004, http://www.nao.org.uk
'Enhancing Urban Green Spaces', March 2006, and at http://www.nao.org.uk

National Council for Civic Trust Societies, 1999, 'Factfile No. 12: Parks and Gardens', Weston Heritage Centre, tel. (01934) 412144, April.

National Federation of Cemetery Friends, 1991, 'Notes on Saving Cemeteries', National Federation of Cemetery Friends, York.

National Food Alliance, 1996 & 1997, 'Growing food in cities', NFA, London, (new edition in 1997). Oversize GP5511.GAR

National Joint Utilities Group:
'Guidelines for the Planning, Installation and Maintenance of Utility Services in Proximity to Trees - NJUG 10', 1995.
'Publication 7:: Recommended positioning of utilities apparatus for new works on new developments and in existing streets', 1997.
'Publication 5: Guidelines for the planning, installation and maintenance of utility services in proximity to trees', 1995.

National Playing Fields Association, 2001, 'The Six Acre Standard', NPFA publication department, London, tel. (020) 7833 5360, December

National Urban Forestry Unit (NUFU) available from NUFU,
The Science Park, Stafford Road, Wolverhampton WV10 9RT, tel. (01902) 828600:
- website: http://www.nufu.org.uk/
'Trees in the Urban Environment', 1998.
'Trees or Turf: Best Value in Managing Urban Green Space', 1998.
'Trees and Woods in Towns and Cities: How to Develop Local Strategies for Urban Forestry', free from the National Urban Forestry Unit, 1999.
'Geographic Information Systems and the improvement and monitoring of urban forests', September 2000.
'Historic Urban Forestry', Urban Forestry Unit Case Study no. 20, November 2000.
'Urban Forestry in Practice: Using Supplementary Planning Guidance', March 2001.
'Urban Forestry in Practice: Therapeutic Horticulture', March 2001.
'Urban Forestry in Practice: Art as an Aid to Community Participation - Case Study', March 2001.
'Finding Resources for a New Woodland', September 2001.
'Resourcing a Regional Urban Forestry Programme', September 2001.
'Trees in the Urban Environment: New Ideas for Policy Makers', May 2003, http://www.nufu.org.uk/public.php

National Society of Allotment and Leisure Gardeners & Anglia Polytechnic University, 1997, 'National Allotment Survey', NSALG, Corby, tel. (01536) 266576, December.

National Urban Forestry Unit (NUFU) available from NUFU,
The Science Park, Stafford Road, Wolverhampton WV10 9RT, tel. (01902) 828600:
'Urban Forestry in Practice: Art as an Aid to Community Participation - Case Study 22, March 2001.
'Using Supplementary Planning Guidance', Case Study 23, February 2001.
'Trees and Woods in Towns and Cities: How to Develop Local Strategies for Urban Forestry', 1999, free.
'Urban forestry in practice: case studies', 2000.
'Urban forestry in practice: Regenerating Historic Urban Parks - case study 27', June 2001.
'Funding Urban Forestry', July 2001.
'Finding Resources for a New Woodland', September 2001.
'Resourcing a Regional Urban Forestry Programme', September 2001.
'Trees and Woods in Towns and Cities: How to Develop Local Strategies for Urban Forestry, January 2002, and on the NUFU website.
'Urban Forestry in Practice: Health Walks; Dead Wood, Decay and Urban Widlife; Hospital Green Space as an Aid to Health Care; Adding value to Timber from Small Woodlands': case studies available at http://www.nufu.org.uk/public/php

Nature Conservancy Council (renamed English Nature in 1992):
'Practical Conservation: Urban Habitats', (eds. Susan Carr & Andrew Lane), 1992.

New Deal for Communities, 2005, 'Delivering Play Spaces in NDC Areas',?, http://ndcevaluation.adc.shu.ac.uk/ndcevaluation/reports.asp

New Economics Foundation (NEF) 1st Floor, Vine Court,
112-116 Whitechapel Road, London E1 1JE, London, tel. (020) 7407 7447
- website: http://www.neweconomics.org
'Green Cities - And Why We Need Them', March 2003. (OFL on 18.3.03)

*Newman, Peter & Kenworthy, Jeffrey, 1999, 'Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence' (Chapter 5), Island Press, Washington DC / Earthscan, London (OFL on 23.11.98)

Nichol, Chris & Blake, Ron, 2000, 'Classification and Use of Open Space in the Contexst of Increasing Urban Capacity', (Carfax Publishing / Taylor & Francis Group) Planning Practice and Research 15 (3), pp193-210.

Nicholson-Lord, David, 1987, 'The greening of the cities', Routledge Kegan & Paul, London. HT133.N4
Nicholson-Lord, David, 1994, 'Calling in the country - Ecology, Parks and Human Need', (public parks and green places), The Future of Urban Parks and Open Spaces, Working Paper no. 4, Comedia in association with Demos, London.
Nicholson-Lord, David, 2001, 'The plots thicken' (the urban food revolution), (Forum for the Future) Green Futures 26, January/February.
Nicholson-Lord, David, 2003, 'Myopia' (The Sustainable Communities Plan - a disaster in the making?', Town and Country Planning 72 (3), March/April, pp102-103
Nicholson-Lord, David, 2003, 'Green Cities and Why We Need Them', New Economics Foundation, London

Nicol, C & Blake, R, 2000, 'Classification and Use of open space in the context of increasing urban capacity', Planning Practice and Research, 15 (3), pp193-210.

Niven, Rosie, 2003, 'Will gamble to restore fading glory pay out?', (Casinos and regeneration), Planning 1533, 22.8.03, p9

Nohl, W, 1981, 'The role of natural beauty in the concept of urban open space planning: a plea for a nature aesthetic', Garten und Landschaft, Part 11, pp885-891.

North West Regional Development Agency, 2006, ‘Active Engagement: A Study of North-West Professional Sports Clubs' Involvement in Community Regeneration’, February, http://www.nwda.co.uk

Northern Ireland Planning Service
(formerly the Northern Ireland Office Planning Service)
Planning Policy Statements:
PPS2. Planning and Nature Conservation.
PPS7. Quality Residential Environments' (issued for consultation)
PPS8. Open Space, Sport, Recreation, Leisure and Community Facilities', (issued for consultation)
Development Control Advice Notes (DCAN) available from
Clarence Court, 10-18 Adelaide Street, Belfast, BT2 8GB:
DCAN1. Amusement Centres.
DCAN2. Multiple Occupancy.
DCAN3. Bookmaking Offices.
DCAN4. Hot Food Bars.
DCAN5. Taxi Offices.
DCAN6. Restaurants and Cafes.
DCAN7. Public Houses.
DCAN11a. Nature Conservation and Planning.
DCAN13. Creches, Day Nurseries and Pre-School Playgroups.

Nottingham Trent University (authors: Professor Leighton Vaughan Williams et al), 2006, ‘Market Efficiency in Person-to-Person Betting’, Betting Research Unit, NTU, Nottingham, April, http://www.ntu.ac.uk/nbs/spec/betting_research_unit/15641.ppt

Ockenden, Nick, 2004, 'Claiming Your Share: a Guide to External Funding', GreenSpace. ISBN 0 9542663 3 1

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (took over responsibility for planning, housing and regeneration from
the DTLR in May 2002)
- replaced in May 2006 by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG)
- website: http://www.odpm.gov.uk
*'Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation', July 2002, http://www.planning.odpm.gov.uk/ppg/ppg17/index.htm
Assessing needs and opportunities: A companion guide to PPG17', 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=12118&heading=e-mail+alert
'The Neighbourhood and Street Wardens Annual Report', June 2002,http://www.neighbourhood.odpm.gov.uk/wardens/annualreports/2000-01/index.htm
'Living Places - Cleaner, Safer, Greener', October 2002, available at http://www.urban.odpm.gov.uk/greenspace/living/index.htm and http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/localenv/index.htm respectively - or free by tel. (0870) 1226236
'Living Places - Powers, Rights and Responsibilities', October 2002, vailable at http://www.urban.odpm.gov.uk/greenspace/living/index.htm and http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/localenv/index.htm respectively - or free by tel. (0870) 1226236
'Sustainable communities: building for the future', February 2003, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/communities/plan/main/index.htm
'Government Response to the Select Committee Report 'Living Places: Cleaner, safer, greener', October 2003,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=17055&heading=e-mail+alert
'Joint Working in Sport and Neighbourhood Renewal: Research report 9'', June 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=20290&heading=e-mail+alert
'Teaming Up: Collaboration between sport and neighbourhood renewal practitioners', June 2004,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=20288&heading=e-mail+alert
'Street Games: A report into young people's participation in sport', June 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=20286&heading=e-mail+alert
'Delivering Sport in Urban Renewal Areas', June 2004, and at http://www.renewal.net
'Joint Working in Sport and Neighbourhood Renewal, Teaming Up', June 2004, and at http://www.neighbourhood.gov.uk
'Street Games', June 2004, and at http://www.neighbourhood.gov.uk
'Joint working in sport and neighbourhood renewal', 2004, http://www.neighbourhood.gov.uk/formatteddoc.asp?id=696
'Living Places - Caring for Quality', 2004.
'Neighbourhood Management: Working together to create cleaner, safer and greener communities - A collection of case studies', March 2005,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=2
'Creating Sustainable Communities: Delivering greenspace in the Thames Gateway', March 2005,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=24034&heading=e-mail+alert
'Consultation document: ‘Possible Changes to The Use Classes Order; Casinos‘, July 2005
'Possible Changers to the Use Class Order: Casinos', (consultation paper), July 2005, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/stellent/groups/odpm_planning/documents/page/odpm_plan_039245.pdf
'How To Improve Residential Areas', July 2005, http://www.cleanersafergreener.gov.uk/html/section5/5b.html
'How To Create Quality Parks and Open Spaces', July 2005, http://www.cleanersafergreener.gov.uk/html/section5/5b.html
'Circular 02/06: Changes to Planning Regulations for Casinos’, March 2006, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1164223
‘Consultants Report on Casinos and the UCO', March 2006, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1163077

Open Spaces Society, 1995, 'Making Space', OSS, 25a Bell St, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.

Opposition to Destruction of Open Green Spaces (OTDOGS) publications available from OTDOGS,
6 Everthorpe Road, London SE15 4DA, tel/fax. (020) 8693 9412:
'Save Green Spaces from Destruction by Food Giants: A Practical Guide to Local Action', 1994.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris
- publications, available from TSO, London
'OECD Societies in Transition: The Future of Work and Leisure', 1994.

Owen, Jennifer, 1991, 'The Ecology of a Garden: the first fifteen years', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

PA Cambridge Economic Consultants, Cambridge:
'Evaluation of Garden Festivals', HMSO, London, 1990.

Pack, Caroline & Glyptis, Sue, for the DOE (Department of the Environment; former), 1989, 'Developing sport and leisure: good practice in urban regeneration', HMSO, London.

Packer, Nigel, 1996, 'The art of creating a tactical tourist trail', Planning Week 4(45), 7.11.96.

Packham, Chris, ?, Chris Packham's Wild Side of Town: A Guide to Urban Wildlife', New Holland.

Page, S; Nielsen, K & Goodenough, R, 1994, 'Managing urban parks: user perspectives and local leisure needs in the 1990s', Service Industries Journal 14 (2), pp216-237.

Parsons, Kermit & Schuyter, David, (eds.), 2002, 'From Garden City to Green City: the Legacy of Ebenzer Howard', John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.

Paton, David; Smith, Michael, Vaughan Williams, Leighton, 2006, 'Market Efficiency in Person-to-Person Betting', Leighton Vaughan Williams, Betting Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, April, and at: http://www.ntu.ac.uk/nbs/spec/betting_research_unit/15641.ppt

Paxton, Angela, 1997, 'Farming the city', Landscape Design, September, pp53-55.

Pearce, Barry, 2004, 'A 'third' Cambridge Phenomenon' (not to profit sector initiatives to address Cambridge's open space deficiencies), Town and Country Planning 73 (3), March, pp92-97

Penning-Rowsell, Anna, 1999, 'Bringing People Back to The Parks' (active management and physical restoration of urban parks), Urban Environment Today, 19.8.99.

Percival, Glynn, 1998, 'Trees in towns and cities in the UK:, Scottish Agricultural College, Ayrshire, Scotland.

Perveen, F, (ed.), 1994, 'Urban Environment: An Annotated Bibliography', Routledge, London.

Petts, Geoff; Heathcote, John & Martin, Dave, 2002, 'Urban Rivers, our inheritance and future', ISBN 1900222221, IWA Publishing, tel. (01206) 796351 or http://www.iwapublshing.com

Planning Officers Society (POS):
'Moving Towards Excellence in Planning: Public Places and Open Spaces', Report for the Planning Officers' Society from Addison & Associates, May 2004.

Plant, Colin W (ed), 2002, 'The natural history of Buckingham Palace Garden, London', Part 1 and Part 2, London Natural History Society, http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~lnhsweb

Policy Action Team 10, 1999, 'A Report to the Social Exclusion Unit - Arts and Sport', commissioned by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and available from Joanna Carpenter at the DCMS Strategy Unit, London, July.

Policy Studies Institute, 2001 'Cultural Trends', (worsening condition of Britain's parks), PSI, London, tel. (020) 7468 0468, August.

Porrell, Richard, 1997, 'Taking leisure into the centre', Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Potts, Gareth, 2002, 'Community Goals' (the involvement of professional football clubs and their local communities), Regeneration & Renewal, 28.6.02, pp16-17.

Project for Public Spaces Inc, New York (publications available in the UK from Jill Chandler, Eco-Distribution,
117 Main Street, Woodhouse Eaves, Leicester LE12 8RY, tel./fax. (01509) 890068):
'How to turn a place around: A Handbook for Creating Successful: Public Spaces'.
'Public Parks, Private Partnerships'.

Rance, Chris, 1997, 'Trees for towns', Landscape Design, June, pp17-19.

Rapoport, Amos, 1986, 'The use and design of open spaces in city neighborhoods', in 'The Quality of Urban Life: Social, Psychological and Physical Conditions' (ed. Dieter Frick), pp160-175, Walter de Gruyter, New York.

Ravenscroft, 1995, 'Recreation Planning and Development', ?

Rees, Paul, 2002, 'Urban Environments and Wildlife Law: a manual for sustainable development', Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0 632 05743 2

Robertson, John, 1997, 'Coming soon: the town centre multiplex', Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Roelofs, Joan, 1996, 'Greening Cities - Building Just and Sustainable Communities', Bootstrap Press/ Jon Carpenter, Oxfrodshire. Oversize HT241.R6

Rohde, C.L.E. & Kendle, A.D., 1994, 'Human Well-being, Natural Landscapes and Wildlife in Urban Areas: A Review', English Nature Science 22, EN, Peterborough.

Roseland, Mark, 1998, 'Toward Sustainable Communities: Resources for Citizens and their Governments' (Chapter 4: Greening the City), New Society Publishers, PO Box 189, Gabriola Island, BC, V0R 1XO, Canada / Jon Carpenter Publishing, Alder House, Market Street, Charlbury, Oxfordshire OX7 3PH, tel. (01869) 870437, ISBN 0 86571 374X . (GF50.ROS)

Ross, Matt, 2004, 'Sport England slims down' (with focus on health in local communities), Regeneration & Renewal, 6.2.04, p20-21

Ross, Jennifer, 1998, 'Greening the City', Urban Design Quarterly, January.

Rothman, Hal K., 2004, 'The New Urban Park: Golden Gate National Recreation Area and Civic Environmentalism', University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, ISBN: 0-7006-1286-6.

Rowe, Mark, 2005, 'Turf War: wildlife, people and open spaces in the Tahmes Gateway', Regeneration & Rernewal, 9.5.05, pp18-19

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP)
- reports available from The Stationery Office, tel. (0870) 600 5522.
- website: http://www.rcep.org.uk :
Twenty-third Report: Environmental Planning', Cm 5459, TSO, April 2002, £25, http://www.rcep.org.uk/epreport.html (Documents Division Cm 5459)

Royal Horticultural Society, 2005, 'Front Gardens - Are we parking on our gardens? Do driveways cause flooding?',
http://www.rhs.org.uk/Learning/research/gardeningmatters/documents/FrontGardens.pdf

Royal Parks Agency, 1999, 'Royal Parks Agency: Annual Report and Accounts' 1998-99', HC 600, 1998-99,

Royal Society for Nature Conservation (renamed Wildlife Link in 1994), 1994, 'Enviroscope', RSNC, Lincoln.

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), 1995, 'Biodiversity Challenge' (by G. Wynne et al.), (2nd edition).

Ruff, A.R & Tregay, R, (eds.), 1982, 'An Ecological Approach to Urban Landscape Design', Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Manchester, Occasional Paper 8, pp70-82.
Ruff, A.R, 1987, 'Holland and the Ecological Landscapes: an appraisal of recent developments in the layout and management of urban open space in the low countries', Vol. 1 of Urban and Regional Studies (Series editor: T. Deelstra), Delft University Press, Delft.

Sainsbury, T, 1987, 'Urban outdoor activities: a new tradition in the use of open space', The Leisure Manager 6 (2), February.

Sayer, P, 1993, 'Royal Parks Review', World Leisure and Recreation 35 (2), pp21-26.

Schopen, Fay, 2003, 'The green space frontier', Regeneration & Renewal, 13.6.03, pp19-21

Scottish Agricultural College,?, 'Trees and pollution', Scottish Agricultural College, tel. (01292) 520331.

Schroeder, H.W & Anderson, L.M, 1984, 'Perceptions of personal safety in urban recreation sites', Journal of Leisure Research 16, pp71-80.

Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH), 12 Hope Terrace, Edinburgh EH9 2AS, tel. (0131) 244 7543,
or Battleby, Redgarth, Perth PH1 3EW
'The Sustainable City: The Urban Forest Resource', SNH Information and Advisory Note no. 60, 199?
'Planning for Natural Heritage', October 2000, available free from Lyn Jameson, tel. (0131) 244 7543 (OFL on 10.10.00)

Searns, R.M, 1995, 'The evolution of greenways as an adaptive urban landscape form', Landscape and Urban Planning 33, pp65-80.

Seddon, Eloise, 2002, 'Creating space for better city life', Regeneration & Renewal, 29.11.02, p14

Seeds in Time, 1992, 'Seeds in time: Urban Forestry Conference papers', SIT, Edinburgh.

Sheard, Peter, 1993, 'Gardening for growth' (German/British Garden Festival experience), Planning Week 1 (6), 14.10.93.

Sheffield City Council, ?, 'Open Space Provision in New Housing Development', available from Simon vincent, Sheffield City Council, tel. (0114) 273 5897.

Shepley, Andrew, 1997, 'Movers and Sharers' (all-seater stadia), Planning 1246, 28.11.97.

Shiras, Fiona, 1997, 'The future is child's play in Craigmillar', Planning 1223, 20.6.97.

Simonds, J.O, 1994, 'Garden Cities 21: Creating a Liveable Urban Environment', McGraw-Hill. Oversize GP5511.SIM

Simmons, Stephen; Pocock, R, & Barker, Ann, 1989, 'Nature Conservation in Towns and Cities: a framework for action', Nature Conservation Council, Peterborough.

Sims, Karen, 1999, 'Future perfect? (landscape design in cities), Public Service and Local Government, February.

Smit, J, 1996, 'Urban Agriculture: progress and prospect 1975-2005', The Urban Agriculture Network Cities Feeding People Series Report 18, Washington.

Smyth, Bob, 1987, 'City wildscape', Hilary Shipman, London.
Smyth, Bob, 1990, 'The Green Guide to Urban Wildlife', A & C Black.

Social Exclusion Unit publications available from HM Treasury, London, tel. (020) 7270 4558
and see the SEU website at: http://www.cabinet-office.gov.uk/seu
(Policy Action Team 10), 'Arts and Sport', 1999?

Spellar, Gerda & Ravenscroft, Neil, 2005, 'Facilitating and evaluating public participation in urban parks management', Local Environment 10 (1), February, p41,
http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=NMKRPY0DPD26B0Q4

Spirn, A.W, 1984, 'The Granite Garden - urban nature and human design', Basic Books, New York.

Sport England, London, tel. (020) 7273 1569
- website: http://www.sportengland.org
'Investing for our sporting strategy', May 1999.
'Providing for Sport and Recreation in New Development', April 2001.
Planning Bulletin 1: Playing Fields, ?
Planning Bulletin 2: Strategic Planning for Sport', ?
Planning Bulletin 3: Intensive Use Sports Facilties', ?
Planning Bulletin 4: Planning Obligations for Sport', ?
Planning Bulletin 5: Sport in the Urban Fringe, ?
Planning Bulletin 6: Land-Based Motor Sports', ?
Planning Bulletin 7; Stadia, Football Academies and Centres of Excellence', ?
Planning Bulletin 8: Playing Fields for Sport Revisted', ?
Planning Bulletin 9: Planning for Water Sports', ?
Planning Bulletin 10: Sport and Regeneration', ?
'Planning Bulletin 11: Commercial Sports Provision', January 2002.
'Sport Action Zones: Report on lessons learnt', 2002, http://www.sportengland.org/active_communities/acf/pdf/SAZ%20Public%20Report-lessons%20learnt.pdf
'Use of Public Parks in England 2003', (based on research carried out by the Countryside Agency & English Heritage), August 2003, and at http://www.planning.haynet.com

Sports Council (former; now Sports England), London:
'Urban Parks and Open Spaces - A Review', 1983.
'Playing Fields Count - Register of Recreational Land', 1994.

Spring, Charles, 2003, 'Taking a sporting chance' (evaluating sport-led regeneration projects), Regeneration & Renewal, 6.6.03, pp23-23.

Stampo, Gavin, 1977, 'Silent Cities', Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), London W1.

Stamps, Dee, 1996, 'Parks are us', Landscape Design, October, pp.34-37.

Stancel, Sophie, 1999, 'Tree of life' (tree planting in cities and air pollution), Public Service and Local Government, February.

Stapleton, Chris, 1999, 'Development branches out' (trees and woods and the planning system), Planning 1315, 23.4.99.

Stearn, J, 1981, 'Towards community uses of wasteland', Wasteland Forum, London.

Stine, Sharon, 1997, 'Landscapes for learning: Creating Outdoor Environments for Children and Youth', John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Stott, Martin, 1998, 'Don't lose the plot' (allotment loss), Town and Country Planning 67 (2), March.

Sukopp, H. & Werner, P., 1982, 'Nature in cities', Nature and Environment Series, Council of Europe, Strasbourg.

Sustain (former Sustainable Agriculture Food and Environment Alliance; SAFE), ?1999, 'City harvest: The feasibility of growing more food in London', Sustain, 94 White Lion Street, London N1 9PF, email: sustain@charity.vfree.com

Swyngedouw, Erik; Kalka, Maria; Heynen, Nikolas, (eds.), 2006, 'In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism', Routledge, London, ISBN 0 415 36827 8 (Hb) / 0 415 36826 6 (pb)

Tandy, Clifford, 1970, 'Handbook of Urban Landscape', ?

Tate, Alan, 2004, 'Great City Parks', Spon Press/Routledge, London. ISBN 0419 24420 4 (Hb) / 0 415 30636 1 (pb)

Taylor, Hilary, 1994, 'Age and Order - the Public Park as a Metaphor for a Civilised Society', Comedia.

Taylor, L, (eds.), 1981, 'Urban Open Spaces', Pizzoli, New York.

Teagle, Bunny, 1978, 'The Endless Village', (former) Nature Conservancy Council.

The Colourful Network, 2005, 'Increasing BME Participation in Sport