UR16. TOWN CENTRE / CITY CENTRE / DISTRICT CENTRE REGENERATION - (A-Z)
(updated: May 3, 2006 )

OFL = Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates most useful and/or up to date references

Action for Market Towns (AMT), 12 Looms Lane, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 IHE,
tel. (01284) 756567, fax. (01284) 756567/761816:
'Market Towns: Options for a share in the future', 1998 (OFL).
'New Life for Smaller Towns: Handbook for Action', 1998, £13.50, ISBN 0 952579 1 1.
'Benchmarking fr small towns', September 1999.
'Markets - trading towards a better future' (factsheet), January 2000.
'Retail surveys: their use in small towns', April 2000.

Aldous, Tony, 2000, 'Canterbury: Historic city becomes centre of learning' (Feature: Centre for the new century), Urban Environment Today no. 103, 24.8.00.
Aldous, Tony, 2000, 'Centre for the new Century: Lancaster', Urban Environment Today, 2.11.00.

Allen, C & Blandy, S, 2004, 'The Future of City Centre Living': Implications for Urban Policy', Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London.

Alty, R & Darke, R, 1987, 'A city centre for people: involving the community in planning for Sheffield's central area', Planning Practice & Research, 3, pp7-12.

Andra, K; Klinker, R & Lehmann, R, 1981, 'Fussgangerbereiche in Stadtzentren' (Pedestrian areas in town centres), VEB Verlag fuer Bauwesen, Berlin, (former) East Germany (DDR).

Association of Municipal Engineers, 1993, 'Tomorrow's Towns', The Urban Street Environment, July/August.

Association of Town Centre Management (ATCM), London
- website: http://www.atcm.org
'Sustainable funding', 2002, (with interactive maps are available on CD-ROM and at: http://www.planning.odpm.gov.uk/towncent/index.htm
'Producing Boundaries and Statistics for Town Centres - London Pilot Study Summary Report', July 2002, TSO, £40 (ISBN 0 11 753 5737) or £50 for the pack containing book & CD (ISBN 0 11 753 6326); both are available from The Stationery Office, tel. (0870) 600 5522; email: book.orders@tso.co.uk
'Sustainable Funding for Town and City Centres', July 2002, and at http://www.atcm.org

Baber, Peter, 1997, 'All quiet in the Lion's den' (Rights of Way and Lion Yard Shopping Centre, Cambridge), Planning 1210, 21.3.97.

Baker, Brian, 2000, 'From the inside out' (town centre regeneration as the catalyst for wider benefits), Surveyor, 30.11.00.
Baker, Brian, 2001, 'Retail therapy' (shopping centres and the transformation of streetscape of Solihull, Surveyor, 11.12.01, pp12-14.
Baker, Brian, 2002, 'Town jewels' (improving the smaller town centre; Fakenham), Surveyor, 14.2.02, pp14-16.
Baker, Brian, 2003, 'Riding to success' (the bus station and town centre regeneration in Keighley), Surveyor 190 (5713), 23.1.03, p23
Baker, Brian, 2003, 'A town centrepiece' (successful examples of taking motor vehicles out of town and city centres), Surveyor 190 (5759), pp16-18

Baldock, Jonathan, 1997, 'So the sequential test rules OK', (Peterborough and PPG6), Planning 1237, 2.9.97.

Ballantyne, Harry; Medway, Dominic & Jones, Peter, 2001, 'CCTV and town centre regeneration', Town and Country Planning 70 (7/8), July/August, pp218-219.

B&Q, 2002, 'B&Q Warehouse Research' Summary', October and at http://www.planninghaynet.com

Barry, Damian et al., ?, 'Retail policies in Local Plans', Paper in Planning Research no. 143, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of Wales College of Cardiff, P.O. Box 906, Cardiff CF1 3YN.

Beck, Adrian & Willis, Andrew, 1995, 'Crime and Security: Managing the Risk to Safe Shopping', Perpetuity Press, P.O. Box 376, Leicester LE2 3ZZ.

Bennison, David & Davies, Ross, 1980, 'The impact of town centre shopping schemes in Britain', Progress in Planning 14, pp1-104
Bennison, David & Jones, Steve, 2002, 'New strategies needed to reflect changing town centre activities', Urban Environment Today 153, pp6t-7
Bennison, David; Pal, John & Warnaby, Gary, 2004, 'Support your local retailers' (independent traders in town centres), Planning 1574, 18.6.04, p15

Betts, Ian, 1997, 'Town Parking: Low Prices alone cannot deliver more business', Urban Environment Today, 6.2.97.

Bianchini, Franco, 1995, 'Night Cultures, Night Economies', Planning Practice and Research, 10 (2), May.

Blackman, David, 2001, 'Centres for the New Century: Stratford, East London', Urban Environment Today, 27.9.01, pp12-13.
Blackman, David, 2003, 'Back to square one for York' (the rejection of a major shopping scheme in York), Planning 1538, 26.9.03, p9
Blackman, David, 2004, 'Shopkeepers pay price for high street cloning', (New Economics Foundation Report on 'Clone Town Britain'), Planning 1586, 10.9.04, p9
Blackman, David, 2005, 'Policy aims for renaissance', (updated Planning Policy Statement 6), Planning 1619, 13.5.05, p16

Blaney, Trevor, 1997, 'A struggle up the pecking order' (PPG6 and definitions of 'town centre' and 'edge of town'), Planning 1227, 18.7.97.

Bohl, Charles, 2002, 'Developing Town Centers: Main Streets and Urban Villages', Urban Land Institute, Washington DC.

Boots the Chemists, 1 Thane Road, Nottingham NG7 2AA:
'Caring for our town centres,' (Town Centre Management), available from Richard Holmes, PR Manager, BTC Head Office, Nottingham, tel. (0115) 959 5202, 1994.
'Boots Town Centre Tool Kit', Boots The Chemists Town Centre Planning Department, Nottingham 1996.

Bristow, Helen & Kochan, Ben, 1999, 'Bringing Quality Into City Streets' (4th Annual Quality Streetscapes Conference), Urban Environment Today, 1.4.99.

British Chamber of Commerce, 1998, 'Centres of Excellence: Strategies for Town Centre Prosperity', BCC, London. ISBN 1-901200-75-2

British Council of Shopping Centre (BCSC), 1 Queen Anne's Gate, London SW1H 9BT,
tel. (020) 7222 1122:
- website: http://www.bcsc.org.uk
'Managing the Shopping Environment of the Future', 1987
'Town Centre Futures: the Long Term Impact of New Developments', 1996. Oversize pamphlet HF5430.6.G7
'Public Transport and Town Centre Accessibility', 1997. ISBN 1-897958-03
'The Good Transport Guide: Summary - Sustainable Urban Centres: Guidance on Integrated Transport Strategies', [researched and written by WSP Development Ltd.], BSCS & WSP Development Ltd., 1999. Pamphlet HE243.G6.
'Routes to Success: Competitive Town and City Centres: The Influence of Accessibility', May 2001.
'Urban Design for Retail Environments' (produced by the Building Design Partnership with support from CABE & English Heritage), March 2002.
'Managing Retail-Led Urban Development' (Produced by the Henley Centre), March 2002.
'Shopping Centres Futures', November 2002.
'The Smaller Towns Report: Delivering Retail-Led Renaissance in Towns and Smaller Cities', November 2004, and at http://www.PlanningResource.co.uk

British Property Federation & the Accessible Retail and Shopping Park Investors' Forum (SPINf), 2004, 'Retailing Warehousing and Town Centres', http://www.spin-f.co.uk

British Waterways, Willow Grange, Church Road, Watford WD1 3QA
tel. (01923) 201348 / 201329 / 201356
'Economic Impacts of Waterway Development Schemes' (including the impact on city centre economies), Vol. III, October 2001.

Bromley, Rosemary & Thomas, Colin, 1993, 'Retail Change: Contemporary Issues', UCL Press, London.
Bromley, Rosemary & Thomas, Colin, 1997, 'Vehicle Crime in the City Centre: Planning for Secure Parking', Town Planning Review 68 (2), April.
Bromley, Rosemary; Hall, Martin & Thomas, Colin, 2003, 'The impact of environmental improvements on town centre regeneration', Town Planning Review 74 (2), April, pp143-164.
Bromley, Rosemary D.F; Tallon, Andrew R; Thomas, Colin J, 2005, 'City centre regeneration through residential development: Contributing to sustainability', Urban Studies 42 (13), December, p2407, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=K1G4641L223334W5

Brooks, Josh, 2004, 'Pivotal vote on town centres' (Business Improement Districts), Planning 1563, 2.4.04, pp16-17

Brown, Stewart J., 1998, 'The making of Manchester', (transport challenges in Manchester rebuilding), Transport Voice 2, September.

Burayidi, Michael, 2001, 'Downtowns: Strategies for Revitalizing Small Urban Communities', Routledge, New York, ISBN 0 8153 3361 7

Burke, Charlotte; Pedler, Annette & Chick, colin, 2005, 'Healthy, wealthy and wise?', (piloting town centre health check methodology in Luton), Surveyor, 3.3.05, pp19-21

Burke, Thomas, 1941 & 1972, 'English Nightlife: From Norman Conquest to Present Blackout', Ayer.

Burton, Ian, 1994, 'Towns put best foot forward', Planning no. 1074, 24.6.94.

Campbelll, Kelvin, 1999, 'Mixed use city centres', Urban Design Quarterly, Issue 70, April, pp20-23.

Carley, Michael, 1996, 'Sustainable Transport and Retail Vitality: State of the Art for Towns and Cities', Historic Burghs Association of Scotland Research Paper no. 2 with Transport 2000, jointly with Donaldsons.

Carnie, John, 1999, 'Marketing the town centre' (the role of strategic marketing in renewal), Planning 1341, 22.10.99.

Casely-Hayford, Margaret & Banks, Sandra, 1996, 'A policy that could prove counter-productive', (PPG6), Planning Week 4 (27), 4.7.96.

Cause, J; Peacock, M; Bragett, W & Eptley, M., 1998, 'Office Development Handbook', Urban Land Institute, 2nd edition, ISBN 087420822X

CB Hillier Parker, 2000, 'Shopping Centre Refurbishment', CB Hillier Parker, London, tel. (020) 7629 7666, April.

CB Richard Ellis, the Institute of Retail Studies & Colin Buchanan & Partners, 2004, 'Research Study on the Effectiveness of NPPG8', February, and at http://www.planningresource.co.uk

Central London Partnership (CLP), tel. (020) 7665 1550
'Integrated transport and environment strategy for Central London', June 2001.
'Action Plan for Central London 2003', February 2003, and at http://www.planning.haynet.com

Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysius (CASA) (University College London) & the Urban and Economic Development Group (URCED), 1998, 'Town Centres: Defining Boundaries for Statistical Monitoring - Feasibility Study', Report commissioned by the (former) Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, TSO, February, £25.

Centre for Local Economic Strategies, 1987/?1991, 'City Centres, City Cultures: The Role of the Arts in the Revitalisation of Towns and Cities', CLES, Manchester.

Chesterton, London, tel. (020) 7499 0404
'Managing Urban Spaces in Town Centres: Good Practice Guide', Report for Association of Town Centre Management by Chesterton, sponsored by the (former) DOE, Scottish Enterprise, Boots the Chemists, Marks & Spencer, The Stationery Office, June 1997.
'City Centre living in the North', available from Andrew Wells at Chesterton, MInerva House, East Parade, Leeds LS1 5PS, tel. (0113) 242 0044.
'City Centre Office Markets 2001', free.

Civic Trust, London, 17 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AS,
tel. (020) 7930 0914, fax. (020) 7321 0180, email: pride@civictrust.org.uk
- website: http://www.civictrust.org.uk
- See also 'Civic Focus' (the Civic Trust Magazine)
CT 1989:
'Regeneration: New Forms of Community Partnership', 1989.
CT 1990-95:
'New Heart for Ilfracombe' (The Civic Trust Ilfracombe Project), 1990. ISBN 1 870257 85 5
'Urban Regeneration Partnerships', Civic Trust Regeneration Unit, 1993.
'Liveable Towns and Cities', produced by the European Institute for Urban Affairs at John Moores University, Liverpool, 1994.
'Presenting the Built Environment', Civic Trust c/o 35 King St, Bristol, Bristol BS1 4DZ, 1994.
'Quality in the Public Realm', Civic Trust Regeneration Unit, London, 1994.
(Civic Trust & English Historic Towns Forum), 'Traffic in Townscape - Ideas from Europe', 1994. Oversize HE243.T7
'A New Framework for Freight Transport' (report prepared for the Civic Trust by Stephen Plowden & Keith Buchan), 1995. ISBN 1 9870257 51 0
'Revitalising Cities and Towns through Cultural Development', 1995
CT 1996-97:
'Pride of Place: The Civic Trust Manifesto', 1997.
'Sustainable Regeneration' (by Caroline Clark), Research Document Ref. 1/1996, 1997
'Urban Regeneration Partnerships: An analysis of the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed by managers of Partnerships' (by Caroline Clark), Research Document Ref. 1/1994, Second edition, 1997
'Stand and Deliver: Quality in regeneration', A seminar programmed organised by the Civic Trust & the British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres (BASSAC) (by Miffa Salter), Seminar Programme Ref. 1/1997, 1997
CT 1998-99:
(Civic Trust & the Council for the Protection of Rural England), 'Going to Town', 1998, ISBN 0 946044 74 0
'Liveable Cities: A study initiated by Lawrence Graham solicitors), 1998, ISBN 1 899683 70 4
(Civic Trust & Ove Arup and Partners for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation), 'Sustainable Renewal of Suburban Areas', York Publishing Services, 64 Hallfield Road, Layerthorpe, York Y031 7ZX, tel. (01904) 430033, £14.95 plus £2 postage & packing, 1999. ISBN 1 902633 02 4, January 1999 (and c.f. Joseph Rowntree Foundation Research Findings, February 1999)
'Winning Partnerships - a guide to working with cross-sectoral regeneration partnerships', 1999.
'Effective Partnerships for Managers and Board Members: A guide to working in cross sectoral regeneration partnerships', 1999
'Effective Partnerships for Voluntary and Community Groups: A Guide to Working with Cross-Sectoral Regeneration Partnerships', 1999
(Civic Trust Regeneration Unit & the Joint Mobility Unit), 'Night Site' (guide to the evening economy for people who are elderly or disabled), Joint Mobility Unit, London, tel. (020) 7387 7109.
'Investing in the High Street: Good Practice Guide' (Civic Trust Regeneration Unit centre Vision Programme), 1999, ISBN 1 870257 71 5. (GP5511.INV)
'Brownfield Housing - 12 Years On', 1999, ISBN 1 870257 76 6
CT 2000-:
'2000 Civic Trust Awards report', published by Building Magazine
(Civic Trust & the Open All Hours Campaign), 'Open All Hours A Report on the Alcohohol and Entertainment Licensing Bill', December 2002, available from Tamsie Thomson, tel. (020) 7389 1376; summary at http://www.planning.haynet.com
'Policies and funding to manage growth in the evening and ngiht-time economies' (?exact title), April 2004, and at http://www.PlanningResource.co.uk

College of Estate Management, Reading.
- website: http://www.cem.ac.uk/research.shtml
'eCommerce and Retail Property in the UK', October 2002.
'The Role of Retailing in UK Urban Regeneration', 2002.

Colliers Erdman Lewis, London, tel. (020) 7629 8191:
'Town Centre Retail Performance', ?
'The Midsummer Retail Report', June 1999 (c.f. Planning no. 1324, 25.6.99, p8)

Comedia Consultancy publications, available from Comedia, The Round, Bourne Green,
Gloucestershire GL6 7AL, tel. (01452) 770624:
'Out of Hours: A Study of Economic, Social and Cultural Life in 12 Town Centres in the British Isles', 1992.

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE)
(replaced the Royal Fine Arts Commission in 2000),
16th Floor, The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE11 7NX,
tel. (020) 7960 2400, fax. (020) 7860 2444, email: enquiries@cabe.org.uk
- website: http://www.cabe.org.uk
'Design Reviewed - Town Centre Retail', 2004.

Commission of the European Communities, Brussels:
'Reclaiming City Street for People: Chaos or Quality of Life?', 2004. (donated to Library on 5.1.05)

Cooke, Michael, 1997, 'New Pubs leave 'Locals' Behind (pub changes in town centres), Urban Environment Today, 23.1.97.
Cooke, Michael, 1998, 'Cinemas Focus Back on Town Centres', Urban Environment Today, 5.3.98.

Cooper, Nigel, 1997, 'We have to keep a finger on the pulse' (Town Centre health checks), Planning 1226, 11.7.97.
Cooper, Nigel, 1999, 'Parking's central function' (increased car parking provision in town centres?), Planning 1314, 6.4.99.

Couch, Chris, 1997, 'A comparison of plans and policies for town centre renewal in France and the UK', Planning Practice and Research 12 (2), May, pp99-108.
Couch, Chris, 1999, 'Housing Development in the City Centre', Planning Practice and Research 14 (1), February.

Cravette, H, 1977, 'Introduction, Historic Town Centres in the Development of Present-Day Towns', Council of Europe, Strasbourg.

Davidson, Bill, 1995, 'Retailing and the infotech explosion', (Ambit Publications) Report for the Natural and Built Environment, Issue 4, May.

Davies, Eric, 1995, 'Understanding government retail policy in a hostile environment', (Ambit Publications) Report for the Built and Nasural Environment, Issue 4, May.

Davies, R.L & Campion, A.G (eds), 1983, 'The Future of the City Centre', (Institute of British Geographers), Academic Press, London.

Davis, Colin, 1997, 'Improving Design in the High Street', A Royal Fine Arts Commission Guide sponsored by the former DOE (Department of the Environment) and Land Securities, Architectural Press, London.

Demos, 1996, 'The Freedom of the City', Demos, November.

Denison, Neil, 1996, 'Note locks the door on rival rental plans' (PPG6), Planning no. 1178, 19.7.96.

Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), London
- website: http://www.culture.gov.uk
'Licensing Act 2003 Draft Guidance', March 2004, http://www.culture.gov.uk/alchohol_and_entertainment/licensing_act_2003

Department of the Environment (DOE) (former) (1970-1997) publications:
'Improving Inner City Shopping Centres', HMSO, 1989.
*'Vital and Viable Town Centres: Meeting the Challenge', HMSO, May 1994.
'Quality in Town and Country', 1994.
'Commercial and Industrial Floorspace Statistics 1995, England and Wales', ?1995.
'Shopping Centres and their Future: the Government's Response to the Fourth Report from the House of Commons Select Committee on the Environment', Cm 2767, HMSO, 1995.
*Planning Policy Guidance Note 6, 'Town Centres and Retail Development', (rerevision), HMSO, July 1996.
(DOE & URBED), 'Town Centre Partnerships', HMSO, London, June 1997. (OFL)
(DOE & Association of Town Centre Management), 'Managing Urban Spaces in Town Centres: A Good Practice Guide', HMSO, London, June 1997.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (June 1997 - June 2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
'Town Centre Partnerships; a survey of good practice and a report of an action research project' (by Nicholas Falk), TSO, June 1997. Documents Division UK/P97/91
'Government Response to the 1994 House of Commons Environment Committee Inquiry into future of town centres', TSO, July 1997.
'Managing Urban Spaces in Town Centres: Good Practice Guide', TSO, 1997. Documents Division UK/P97/104.
'Traffic Advisory Unit leaflet 2/98, Lincoln Historic Core Zones: Newport Arch', February 1998.
'Town Centres: Defining Boundaries for Statistical Monitoring - Feasibility Study', TSO, tel. (0870 6005522), February 1998, £25
'Improving local financial accountability', (town centre improvements), DETR, Wetherby, May 1998.
'Business rates', DETR, Wetherby, May 1998.
'Town Centres: Defining Boundaries for Statistical Monitoring - Feasibility Study', TSO, tel. (0870) 6005522, February 1998, £25.
*'Our Towns and Cities: The future - Delivering an urban renaissance', November 2000,
http://www.regeneration.detr.gov.uk/policies/ourtowns/cm4911/index.htm
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
DOE / DETR Good Practice Guides (GPG-):
GPG18. 'Local Development plans and Unitary Development Plans: A Good Practice Guide'.
GPG20. 'Planning and Development Briefs: A Guide to Better Practice'.
GPG22: Planning for Sustainable Development: Towards Better Practice'.
GPG23. 'PPG13: Guide to Better Practice', 1995.
GPG27. 'Vital and Viable Town Centres'.
DOE / DETR Research Reports (RES-):
RES29. 'London in the UK Economy'.
RES66. 'The Economic Consequences of Planning to the Business Sector'.
RES71. 'The Use of Density in Urban Planning'.
RES76. 'Implementation of PPG13: Final Report'.
RES85. 'London's Urban Environment: Planning for Quality'.
RES86. 'London in the UK Economy'.
RES87. 'Attitudes to Town and Country Planning'.
RES90. 'Use of Article 4 Directions'.
RES91. 'Implementation of PPG13: Interim Report' (with DOT).
RES96. 'Impact Fees for Planning'.
RES97. 'Community Involvement in Planning and Development Processes'.
RES130. 'Effect on Small Firms of Refusal of Planning Permission'.
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)

Department of the Environment Northern Ireland (DENI), Belfast, tel. (028) 9054 0111:
'Public consultation draft: Development Control Advice Note 4', May 2001.
'Supplementary Planning Guidance for Retail and Town Centre Planning: Development Control Advice Note 4', February 2002, and at http://www.planning.haynet.com

Dewar, David, 2000, 'Town centre definition is open to interpretation', Planning 1365, 21.4.00.
Dewar, David, 2003, 'Last orders for use classes' (changes to the use classes order to check the spread of pubs and bars), Planning 1549, 12.12.03, p8

Distributive Trades Economic Development Committee, 1988, 'The Future of the High Street', NEDO, London.

Donaldsons, 70 Jermyn Street, London SW1Y 6PE:
'Town Centre Health Checks', 1994
'The Effectiveness of Town Centre Management', study for the ATCM, published by PTRC, Glenthorne House, Hammersmith Grove, London W6 OLG, 1994.

DTZ Pieda, 2001 , 'Routes to Success: Competitive town and city centres: the influence of accessibility', report for the Association of Town Centre Management and th British Council of Shopping Centres, May, available from tel. (020) 7222 1122

Dugdill, Gerard, 1998, 'City Schools Examine Partnership Benefits', Urban Environment Today, 9.7.98.
Dugdill, Gerard. 1998, 'Seeking centres that are open to all', Urban Environment Today, 6.8.98.

Early, Catherine, 2005, 'Town centres scale agenda', (revised town centre policy: PPS6), Planning 1614, 8.4.05, p8

EDAW Planning Consultancy:
'Reinvigoration of Town Centres', report commissioned by the Department for Social Development (Northern Ireland), available from the Northern Ireland Executive, Belfast, tel. (028) 9056 9211, November 2000.

Edwards, Louise, 1999, 'Bradford: Looking to play a bigger role', Centres for the New Century, Urban Environment Today, 9.12.99.
Edwards, Louise,2000, 'Can Multi-Purpose Beat Multiplex for Box Office Success?' (new cinemas and broadened choice of entertainment in town centres), Urban Environment Today 92, 29.3.00.

Ellis, Richard, 1997, 'Towns and Cities: Competing for Survival', ?, JS3118.H4.

England, John, 2005, 'Town centre policy clarified'(PPS6), Planning 1614, 8.4.05, p16

English Heritage, 'Annual Report' (including proposals for stronger role in renovating historic centres), free from EH, tel. (020) 7973 3000, November 1999.

English Historic Towns Forum publications available from EHTF, Bath:
'Traffic in Historic Towns,' 1994.
'Getting it right: a Guide to Visitor Management in Historic Towns', 1994.

Environ, 1995, 'Parking Provision in City Centres: A Lot to be Desired?', Environ, Leicester.

Environment Agency, Head Office, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec House, Aztec West,
Almondsbury, Bristol BS12 4UD, tel. (01454) 624400 -
websites: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk & http://www.environment-agency.wales.gov.uk
'Our urban future', October 2002, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/353880/364533/?version=1&lang=_e
'The urban environment in England and Wales - report', October 2002, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/353880/363999/?version=1&lang=_e

Erdman Lewis, 1995, 'The Pedestrianisation Myth', Erdman Lewis, London.

Estates Gazette, 1994, 'Focus - Retail - do out of town centres developments affect town centre viability,' ?

European Institute of Urban Affairs (for the Civic Trust), ?, 'Liveable towns and cities,' Civic Trust, 17 Carlton House Terrace, London SWiY 5AW.

*Evans, Richard, 1997, 'Regenerating Town Centres', Manchester University Press, Manchester. GP5511.EVA

Eve, G (Gerald Eve Research), 1995, 'Whither the High Street?', Gerald Eve Research, London.

*Experian on behalf of the British Council of Shopping Centres, 2001, 'New Retail Floorspace in Town Centres and Out of Town: 1965-2000: Data and Graph', March, downloadable via DETR News Release 183, 28 March 2001

Falk, Nick, 1994, 'Time for Town Centre action before the rot sets in', Planning no. 1069, 20.5.94.
Falk, Nick, 1997, 'Funding the Future City', Planning 1224, 27.6.97.
Falk, Nicholas & King, Francesca, 2003, 'A New Vision for York?', Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, May.

Feature, 1996, 'Town Centres: Vision and Reality', Connect, London.
Feature, 1996, 'Guidance puts more bolts on stable door', Planning 1175, 5.7.96.
Feature, 1998, 'Towns get ready for new regional Giants', Urban Environment Today, 22.1.98.
Feature, 1998, 'Giving a sunny' (town centre redesign in Basildon town centre), Public Service and Local Government, March.
Feature, 1998, 'Tackling traffic (in town centres): carrot or stick?', Urban Environment Today, 19.2.98.
Feature, 1998, 'Meeting of minds in the town centre' (Harrogate), Planning 1283, 28.8.98.
Feature, 1999, 'Rebuilding a shattered city centre' (Manchester: RTPI Silver Jubilee Cup Winner), Planning 1303, 29.1.99.
Feature, 2000, 'Coventry: Casting off its concrete image', Urban Environment Today, 17.2.00.
Feature, 2000, 'Potential boost for town centres as P&R guide addresses concerns' (discussion of the English Historic Towns Forum 'Bus-based park and ride: a good practice guide' report), Local Transport Today 290, 25.5.00.
Feature, 2000, 'Town traffic plans seek to balance three As: access, activities and amenity', Local Transport Today 304, 7.12.00.
Feature, 2003, 'Fully grounded' (paving materials in historic town centres; Wigtown, Scotland), Surveyor 190 (5718), p22

Findlay-Watson, 1997, 'Hi-tech threat to the high street', Findlay-Watson, tel. (01993) 823011.

Fishwick, Kathy, 1997, 'Size must matter in designing schemes to fit into a town centre', Urban Environment Today, 30.10.97.

Flannigan, Nigel, 1999, 'Practice Forum: Tenanting Other Peoples' Property: Influencing Business Placement in Traditional Shopping Districts', Planning Practice and Research 14 (1), February.

Forster, Andrew, 2000, 'Middlesborough' (town centre prospects), Urban Environment Today, 21.9.00.

Fox, Paul & Unsworth, Rachael, 2003, 'City living in Leeds', KW Linfoot plc & School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, May, htto://www.geog.leeds.ac.uk/publications/cityliving

Frieden, Bernard J & Sagalyn, Lynne B, 1989, 'Downtown Inc.: How Amercia Rebuilds Cities', MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachussets.

Fyson, Anthony, 1995, 'Voices of revivalism' (cars and town centres), Planning Week 3 (8), 23.2.95.

Gant, Robert, 2000, 'Shopmobility - enabling access in town centres', Town and Country Planning 69 (12), December.

Garlick, Richard, 1999, 'Stand-off threatens town centre data' (DETR retail turnover inquiry). Planning 1340, 15.10.99.
Garlick, Richard, 2002, 'Study tells ale of two inner-cities' (discussion of report by Dr. Nicholas Falk), Regeneration & Renewal, 25.10.02, p24

Gasson, Trevor, 1996, 'Hand in hand on the way to town', Planning Week 4 (28), 11.7.96.
Gasson, Trevor, 1999, 'Better air, but at what cost?', (improving air quality and the potential threat to the vitality of revitalised town centres), Planning 1343, 5.11.99.

Gehl, J. & Gemzoe, L, 1996, 'Public spaces, public life', City of Copenhagen.

Gerald Eve, 1995, 'Whither the High Street?', Gerald Eve, 7 Vere Street, London W1M OJB.

Gillman, Susanna, 2004, 'Controlling successful night-time economies', (and the regeneration of town centres), Planning 1566, 23.4.04, p9
Gillman, Susanna, 2006, ‘Policy emphasises flexible retail vision’, (PPG6 and PPS6 changes), Planning 1666, 28.4.06, pp14-15

Goddard, Chris & Raggett, Brian, 1997, 'Merry hell all over the hill' (Merry Hill expansion), Planing 1226, 11.7.97.
Goddard, Chris, 2002, 'Making PPG6 work for town centres: promoting positive strategies', Planning 1481, 9.8.02, p21.

Gold, John R, 2006, 'The making of a megastructure: architectural modernism, town planning and Cumbernauld's Central Area, 1955–75', Planning Perspectives 21 (2), April, p109, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=T705260342527P01

Goodchild, Barry; Chamberlain, O; Dalgleish, K. & Lawrence, B, 1997, 'Crime and the homefront: the impact on crime and anti-social behaviour of housing people in town and city centres', Joseph Rowntree Foundation / York Publishing Services, York.

Goodwin, Phil, 2005, 'Mickey Mouse and the future of city centres', Local Transport Today 412, 3.3.05, p13

Gray, John & Haton, Keith, 1995, 'Controlling Interests' (implications for local authorities of the Private Finance Initiatives), Planning Week 3 (47), 23.11.95.

Greater London Authority Transition Team, 2000, 'Sustainable access to Town Centres', Strategy Directorate, GLA Transition Team, Romney House, Marsham Street, London SW1P 3PY, April.

Grimley J.R. Eve, 1994, 'Shopping 2000: A Review of 100 Town Centres', details from Paul Gray, Grimley J.R. Eve, 10 Stratton Street, London W1V 6JR.

Gummer, John, 1999, 'City cinemas under threat', Planning 1348, 10.12.99.
Gummer, John, 2002, 'The changing demographics of city centres', Planning 1464, 12.4.02, p9

Guy, Clifford, 2000, 'Trading Places: Big fishes in small ponds' (supermarket monopolies and town centres), Town and Country Planning 69 (5), May.
Guy, Clifford, 2001, 'Trading Places: BIDs for success?', Town and Country Planning 70 (9), September, p230.
Guy, Clifford, 2001, 'Trading Places: Monopoly Money', Town and Country Planning 70 12), December, p320
Guy, Cliff, 2002, 'Cafe Society', Town and Country Planning 71 (6), June, p153.
Guy, Cliff, 2004, 'Town centres first?', (the consultation draft of Planning Policy Statement 6: Planning for Town Centres), Town and Country Planning 73 (2), February, pp48-49

GVA Grimley, London, tel. (020) 7911 2374 / (0870) 900 8990:
'The HQ Question' (safety and security of HQ buildings), March 2002, available from Nicky Clifford, tel. (020) 7911 2117.

Hadfield, Phil, 2004, 'Invited to binge?', (extended licensing hours), Town and Country Planning 75 (7/8), July/August, pp235

Hall, Sir Peter, 2000, 'No holding back the tide of town centre change', Regeneration & Renewal 2, 20.10.00.
*Hall , Sir Peter, 2001, 'The Changing Urban Hierarchy in England and Wales', available from Rachel Coffey, Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, tel. (020) 7679 4797, May.

Hallet, Michael & James, Peter, 2003, 'Bullring', Tempus Publishing, ISBN: 0752430416

Hamshaw P & Webb, S, 1997, 'Public Transport and Town Centre Viability' : British Council of Shopping Centres, London.

Hardy, Dennis, 2002, 'Hardy Country: The cost of going first' (Coventry; the classic "Phoneix city"), Town and Country Planning 71 (7/8), July/August, pp196-197.

Hasegawa, J., 1992, 'Replacing the Blitzed City Centre', Open University Press, Buckingham.

Hayworth, Thelma, 1998, 'Pay back time for conservation', Planning 1250, 9.1.98.

Hass-Klau, Carmen, 1988, 'New Life for City Centres', Anglo-German Foundation, London.
Hass-Klau, Carmen, 1993, 'The Pedestrian and City Traffic', Belhaven, London (OFL)
*Hass-Klau, Carmen & Crampton, Graham, 2004, 'The Economic Impact of Light Rail: The Results of 15 Urban Areas in France, Germany, UK and North America', Environment and Transport Planning & Bergische Universitaet, Wuppertal (OFL on 21.6.04)

Hayes, Helen & Rifkin, Antony, 1999, 'Finding a New Role for District Centres', Urban Environment Today, 15.4.99.
Hayes, Helen, 2001, 'Managing the stress of mixing uses' (balancing residential amenity and the vibrancy of the street in the growing 24-hour economy in city centres), Urban Environment Today 134, 8.11.01, pp10-11.

Hayward, Richard, 1995, 'The town centres we deserve? Guidance for planning, design and management; a review article', Town Planning Review, 66 (3).
Hayward, Richard, 1999, 'Better Towns and Cities' (comprehensive introduction to town centre management), Butterworth-Heinemann, London. ISBN 075063734X

Hazel, George, 2003, 'Making Cities Work', Wiley-Academy, ISBN 047084681X

Healey & Baker, 29 Great George Street, London W1A 3BQ,
tel. (020) 7514 2301, fax. (020) 7514 2350:
'Measuring Vitality and Viability - A Critical Analysis of the Tests of PPG6', 1995.
'Britain's best working cities', 1997.
'Town Centre Accessibility', 1998.
'Town Centre accessibility 2: The view of Consumers and Retailers', available from Nevill Moss, tel. (020) 7629 9292, October 1999

Hearn, Keith, 2000, 'Croydon leads town centre regeneration in South London', Planning in London, January, pp45-46.

Heather, M, 1997, 'New Champions of Town Centres', Planning 3.10.97, p8

Hillier Parker, London W1:
'Quality in the Public Realm', District Planning Officers' Society, 1994.
'Shopping Centres of Great Britain', July 1996.
'Pavement Shopping', November 1997.

Hirst, Clayton, 1997, 'A united front for the city centre's renewal', (Manchester), Planning 1206, 12.1.97.
Hirst, Clayton, 1997, 'Who's topping the charts?', (retail centres), Planning 1224, 27.6.97.

Hobbs, Dick, 2000, 'Bouncers: the art and economics of intimidation', University of Durham Department of Sociology and Social Policy, tel. (0191) 374 2000, August.

Holford, W.G, 1953, 'Design in city centres', part 3 of Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 1953, 'Design in Town and Village', HMSO, London

Hollands, Robert & Chatterton, Paul, 2002, 'Changing times for an old industrial city: Hard times, hedonism and corporate power in Newcastle's nightlife', City 6 (3), p291, http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/link.asp?id=LJ9HX1LDYEV56RWU

Holmes, Mike, 2004, 'Planning for the night time economy', Paper presented at the 2004 Planning Summer School, Reading, September, http://www.planningsummerschool.org/papers/year2004/

Holt, Gordon, 2001, 'Alfresco dining inhibited by the planning system?' (planning and pavement eating and drinking), Planning, 11.5.01, p17.

Holyoak, Joe, 2001, 'Walk-through experience' (learning form the mistakes of the past in enhancing the role of the street), Surveyor, 11.12.01, pp16-18.

House of Commons Environment Committee:
'Shopping Centres and their Future', HMSO, 1994.
'Shopping Centres', The Stationery Office, March 1997

House of Commons Environment Committee:
'The Select Committee Report on the Draft Local Government Bill' (including comments on proposed Business Improvement Districts; BIDs), TSO, tel. (0870) 600 5522, August 2002.

House of Commons ODPM Select Committee:
'PPS6: Planning for Town Centres', September 2004, and at http://www.PlanningResource.co.uk

Houston, L, 1997, 'Business Improvement Districts', Urban Land Institute, USA (OFL on 1.4.99)

Howard, Jonathan, 2002, 'Walkiing back to happiness' (Queen's Road, Buckhurst Hill), Surveyor, 14.2.02, pp18-20.

Hubbard, Phil, 2000, 'Save our screens?' (trends in cinema-going and the implications for planning policy), Town and Country Planning 69 (10), October.

Hughes, Peter, 2000, 'Back to The future' (The Phoenix Initiative proposals in Coventry City Centre), Surveyor, 25.5.00.

Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR), London, tel. (020) 8986 5488
- website: http://www.ippr.org.uk
'City People: City Centre Living in the UK', (author: Max Nathan et al), January 2006, http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/

Institute of Grocery Distribution, 1998, 'Grocery Retailing 1998', IGD, tel. (01923) 857141.

International Union of Public Transport / Union Internationale des Transport Publics (UITP), Brussels.
- website: http://www.uitp.com
'European Survey on Access to City Centres - comparison between the attitudes of the Electorate and the Elected Officials', 1991.
'Making cities liveable; the public transport challenge', 1996.
'Transport demand of modes not covered by international transport statistics', Study by UITP with the European Cyclists' Federation (ECF) & the Federation of European Pedestrian Associations (FEPA), November 1997.
'Urban Structure and Modal Split', Vienna, November 1998.
'Ticket to the Future: 3 Stops to Sustainable Mobility', March 2003, http://www.uitp.com/Project/pics/susdev/BrochureUK.pdf

Investment Property Databank, 1998, 'The Town Centre Leagues Table', IPD

Jameson, Heather, 1998, 'Street on Show' (New Deal for Communities launch), Public Service and Local Government, October.

Javes, Richard, 1995, 'Town Centres and beyond', Planning 1132, 11.8.95.

Johnston, Bryan & Burton, Ian, 1996, 'Town centre managers look for ways forward', Planning 11689, 10.5.96.
Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'A tale of 2 cities' planning ambitions' (Bristol and Cardiff), Planning 1223, 20.6.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'In Bristol fashion', Planning 1223, 20.6.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'Lured by the look of the bay', Planning 1223, 20.6.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'It's time to be the centre of attraction', (city centre revitalisation), Planning 1224, 27.6.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1997, 'New champions of town centres' (Labour Government and PPG6), Planning 1231, 15.8.97.
Johnston, Bryan, 1998, 'Targeting the take-away outlets', Planning 1253, 28.1.98.
Johnston, Bryan, 1998, 'Townscape: a Special Report', Planning 1283, 28.8.98.
Johnston, Bryan, 2000, 'Size matters when using the sequential approach', Planning 1364, 14.4.00.
Johnston, Bryan. 2000, 'Mirror image proposals lead to surprise results' (shopping developments in historic sessions), Planning 1373, 16.6.00.
Johnston, Bryan, 2001, 'A retail renassiance for town centres', Planning 1440, 12.10.01, pp15-18.

Jones, Peter; Turner, D & Hillier, D, 1997, 'Commentary: closed-circuit television in town centres', International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management 25 (6), pp219-221.
Jones, Peter, 2000, 'Pulling rank is not a workable policy' (retail hierarchies and town centre investment), Planning 1372, 9.6.00.
Jones, Peter; Hillier, David & Graham, Max, 2003, 'The heart of the matter' (town and city centre regeneration projects), Town and Country Planning 72 (1), January, pp20-22.
Jones, Peter; Hillier, David & Comfort, Daphne, 2004, 'Putting which town centres first?', Town and Country Planning 73 (2), February, pp50-53
Jones, Peter; Hillier, David & Comfort, Daphne, 2004, 'Alive, alive o! Street trading in town centres', Town and Country Planning 73 (4), April, p134
Jones, Peter; Comfort, Daphne & Hillier, David, 2005, 'Back to the future - reviving market halls and covered markets', Town and Country Planning 74 (11), November, p344

Jones, Richard, 1994, 'Town centre retailing in the age of marketing', Report of Proceedings, Town and Country Planning Summer School, University of St. Andrews, September.
Jones, Richard, 1994, 'Upmarket shopping', Planning Week 2 (38), 22.9.94.
Jones, Richard, 1996, 'Planning positively for town centres', Town and Country Planning 65 (7/8), pp206-208.

Jones, Robert, 1996, 'Planning positively for town centres', Town and Country Planning, 65 (7/8), July/August.

Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York
- website: http://www.jrf.org.uk
‘A Good Place for Children? Attracting and Retaining Families in Inner Urban Mixed Communities’, January 2006, http://www.jrf.org.uk

Keating, W..D, 1986, 'Linking Downtown Development to Broader Community Goals: An Analysis of Linkage Policy in Three Cities', Journal of the American Planning Association, Spring, pp133-141.

Kennedy, Liam, (ed.), 2004, 'Remaking Birmingham: The Visual Culture of Urban Regeneration', Spon Press / Routledge, London. ISBN 0 415 28838 X (Hb) / 0 415 28839 8 (pb)

Kirkley, Lindsay & Watton, Tim, 1998, 'Calling time in Newcastle' (leisure developments in Newcastle City Centre), Planning 1299, 18.12.98.

Kochan, Ben, 1999, 'Fitting Multiplexes into Town Centres' (Report of a Conference on Cinema Provision), Urban Environment Today, 18.3.99.
Kochan, Ben, 1999, 'Portsmouth: Diversification aims to turn the tide of decline' (city centre plans), Urban Environment Today, 25.11.99.
Kochan, Ben, 2000, 'Councils promised powers to raise taxes to meet local needs' (implications for local communities and town centres of the Local Government Finance Green Paper), Urban Environment Today, 5.10.00.
Kochan, Ben, 2001, 'Gearing up in readiness for the BIDs legislation', Urban Environment Today, 25.10.01, pp10-11.
Kochan, Ben & Cane, Mary, 2002, 'Fitting new shops into traditional city centres', Urban Environment Today 139, 24.1.02, pp12-13

 

Lavery, Catherine, 1999, 'Wish you were here...' (Ramsgate town centre regeneration and tourism project), Public Service and Local Government, October.

Lawrence, Marty, ?, 'Habitats that give food for thought' (Newcastle City Centre Shopping Trends), Planning 1228, pp257-299.

Layard, Antonia; Davoudi, Simin & Batty, Susan, (eds) 2001, 'Planning for a Sustainable Future: Chapter 15', Spon Press, London. ISBN 0415234085 (pb) (HC79.E5.P5)

Ledbury, Matthew, 1999, 'Croydon: Giving high rise a human face', Urban Environment Today 83, 11.11.99.
Ledbury, Matthew, 2000, 'Basildon: Partnerships refresh the New Town Deal', Urban Environment Today 91, 9.3.00.
Ledbury, Matthew, 2000, 'Brighton: On the crest of a new media wave', Urban Environment Today, 5.10.00.

Leeds City Council, 2000, 'Leeds - City Centre Urban Design Strategy', Leeds City Council, tel. (0113) 247 8000, September.

Leicester Environment City Trust (Environ) publications, available from
Environ, LECT, 3rd Floor, Town Hall, Leicester, LE1 6BF:
'Streets, Traffic and Trade' (shop vacancies and pedestrianisation), 1994.
'Paved with Gold? (shopping and modal split)', 1994.

Leicester Regeneration Company & Leicester City Council, 2003, 'Leicester Retail Capacity Study', LRC, Leicester, tel. (0116) 248 8120.

Lett, John, 1992, 'London town centres look for a new statement,' Planning 1042, 28.10.92.

Levy, Jonathan, 2002, 'Restoring life to Hull's heart', (renewing the city centre and waterfront), Planning 1492, 25.10.02, p17

Lewis, Richard, (Councillor),1997, 'How conversions can help put life back into city centres', Urban Environment Today, 9.1.97.

Llewelyn-Davies & the National Retail Planning Forum, 2002, 'Going to Town: Improving Town Centre Access - A companion guide to PPG6', available from George Nicholson, NRPF, London, tel. (020) 7633 0903.

Local Government Association (LGA), London:
- website: http://www.lga.gov.uk/
'Spreading the benefits of town and city centre renewal: ideas and first findings', 2005, http://www.lga.gov.uk/Documents/Publication/spreadingthebenefits.pdf
'Spreading the benefits of town and city centre renewal', July 2005, http://www.lga.gov.uk/Documents/Publication/spreadingthebenefits.pdf

Lock, David,1998, 'Off the Fence: Bringing back the Bulldozers', Town and Country Planning 67 (7/8), August/September.

Lockwood, John, 1997, 'How to bring the centre forward', Planning 1247, 5.12.97.
Lockwood, John, 1997, 'Better business support needed to achieve town centre regeneration', Urban Environment Today, 11.12.97.
Lockwood, John, 2002, 'Time for action to save town centres' (encouraging businesses to invest in the quality and character of their local retail areas), Regeneration & Renewal, 13.9.02, p12
Lockwood, John, 2003, 'The competitive edge' (car parking and town centre prosperity), Surveyor 190 (5747), 18.9.03, pp18-19

London Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC)
- former; became part of the Greater London Authority in May 2000
'High Accessibility and Town Centres', 1994.
'London's Town Centre Health Check', ADV46, August 1996 (Disk of London's Town Centre Health Checks, ADV56, August 1996.

Lovatt, Andy & O'Connor, Justin, 1995, 'Cities and the Night-time Economy', Planning Practice and Research, 10 (2), May.
Lovatt, Andy, 1997, 'Turning up the lights in the cities of the night', Planning 1224, 27.6.97.

Lowe, Andrew, 1997, 'New habits that may prove hard to break', Planning 1238, 3.10.97.

Lucas, Rob, 1995, 'Retail planning: past, present and future', (Ambit Publications) Report for the Natural and Built Environment, Issue 3, April.

Ludmon, Mark, 2003, 'Historic city centres coming in from the cold' (The Liveable City Project), New Urban Futures (formerly Urban Environment Today), no.6, 10.1.03, p6
Ludmon, Mark, 2003, 'Heritage of the heart of urban renaissance' (the Townscape Heritage Initiative etc. and their impact on town and city centres', New Urban Futures (formerly Urban Environment Today), no.7, 24.1.03, p6
Ludmon, Mark, 2003, 'Businesses face costs of unclogging congestion' (Durham experience of congestion charging), New Urban Futures 9, 20.2.03, p6
Ludmon, Mark, 2003, 'No-nuisance approach on offer for supporting renewal of town centres' (tackling anti-social behaviour), New Urban Futures 11, 20.3.03, p6
Ludmon, Mark, 2003, 'Curtain goes up on renaissance of cinema industry in urban centres', New Urban Future 12, 3.4.03, p7

Luithlen, L, 1994, 'Office Development and Capital Accumulation in the UK', Avebury, Aldershot, Hampshire.

Mace, Alan; Gaallent, P; Hall, P; Porsch, R; Braun, R & Pfeiffer, U, 2004, 'Shrinking to Grow? The Urban Regeneration Challenge to Leipzig and Manchester', Insitute of Community Studies, London.

Mackett, Roger, 1980, 'The relationship between transport and the vitality of central and inner areas', Journal of Transport Economics, Vol. 14.

MacRae John, 1999, 'Neighbours Quiver Over Bracknell Fight' (Bracknell town centre reevelopment), Urban Environment Today, 18.3.99.

Management Horizons Europe, 1995, 'Index of UK shopping venues', Management Horizons Europe, Waverley House, Lower Square, Isleworth TW7 6RL.

Manchester City Centre Management Company, 2001, 'Manchester - The Living Face Brochure', Manchester City Centre Management Company, tel. (0161) 234 3232, October.

Manchester Metropolitan University, 2006, 'High Street Britain 2015', Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, February.

Mannheim, Steve, 2003, 'Walt Disney and the Quest for Community', Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, Hampshire.

Margolis, Adrienne, 2000, 'Reading: Bidding to break out of a straitjacket' (constraints on town centre expansion), Urban Environment Today, 24.2.00.

Marriott, Oliver, 1967, 'The Property Boom', Hamish Hamilton Books, London.

Marrs, Colin, 2004, 'Private matters, public concerns' (handing over control over our streets to public corporations in city centre regeneration projects), Regeneration & Renewal, 16.4.04, pp;15-17

McCallum, Duncan, 1994, 'Local policy solutions for shifting town centres role,' Planning no. 1088, 30.9.94.
McCallum, Duncan, 1995, 'Retail impact studies: a beginner's guide', (Ambit Publications) Report for the Natural and Built Environment, Issue 3, April.

McCarthy, John, 1997, 'Empowerment or exclusion?', (Scottish Urban Partnerships), Town and Country Planning 66 (1), January.

McGoldrick, P.J. & Thompson, M.G., 1992, 'Regional Shopping Centres: Out of town versus In-town', Avebury, Aldershot, Hampshire.

*McCintosh, Angus, 1997, 'Towns and Cities: Competing for Survival', E & F Spon, London.

Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG), London
(former; became part of the Department of Environment (former) in 1970:
'Town Centres: Approaches to Renewal', HMSO, London, 1962 & 1966?

Ministry of Town and Country Planning, 1947, 'Advisory Handbook on the Redevelopment of Central Areas', HMSO, London.

Mintel International, 18-19 Long Lane, London EC1A 9HR:
'Survival of the High Street', 1995.
'Themed Pubs and Bars', April 2001.
'High Street Pubs and Bars', February 2002.

Minton, Anna, 1994, 'Midsummer Madness and urban attractions', Planning Week 2 (27), 7.7.94.

Monheim, R, 1996, 'Parking management and pedestrianisation as strategies for successful city centres', in OECD/ECMT, 1996, 'Sustainable transport in central and eastern European cities', Paris, pp53-143.
Monheim, R, 1998, 'Methodological aspects of surveying the volume, structure, activities and perceptions of city centre visitors', GeoJournal 45 (4), pp273-287
Monheim,. Rolf, 2003, 'The role of pedestrian precincts in adapting city centres to new lifestyles', Chapter 24 in Tolley, Rodney, (ed.). 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43 (HE152.6.E6.S8)

Montford, Selma, ?1994, 'Shopping and the community', Streetwise 5 (1), Issue 17.

Montgomery, John, 1994, 'The evening economy of cities', Town and Country Planning 63 (1), November.
Montgomery, John, 1995, 'Urban Vitality and the Culture of Cities', Planning Practice and Research, 10 (2), May.
Montgomery, John, 1996, 'Cities need colour', Planning Week 4 (45), 7.11.96.
Montgomery, John, 2004, 'Born to binge?' (the evening economy, the liberalisation of the alcohol licensing laws and English cultural identity), Town and Country Planning 73 (3), March, pp82-83

Moss, M, 1997, 'Reinventing the central city as a place to live and and work', Housing Policy Debate 8 (2), pp471-490.

Moss, Neville & Fellows, Martin, 1995, 'The future for town centres', Estates Gazette 9506, 11.2.95.

Nathan, Max et al, 2006, ''City People: City Centre Living in the UK', Institute for Public Policy Research, London, January, http://www.ippr.org.uk/publicationsandreports/

National Housing Federation (NHF), 1998, 'Missing links: the Economy, Cities and Housing', NHF, April.

National Retail Forum, 1997, 'What Makes a Successful City?,' National Retail Forum.

National Retail Planning Forum (NRPF), London, tel. (020) 7633 0903
- website: http://www.nrpf.org
'A Tale of Three Cities - What Makes for a Successful City Centre?', 1996.
'Town Centre Vitality and Viability: A Review of the Health Check Methodology', February 2000 and at http://www.nrpf.org/publications.htm

Niven, Rosie, 2000, 'Architecture key to city centre renewal', (Grainger Town project, Newcastle upon Tyne and affordable housing), Planning 1400, 5.1.01.
Niven, Rosie, 2004, 'Fresh thinking on town issues' (draft revised PPS6 retail guidance), Planning 1551, 9.1.04, p9

Northern Ireland Planning Service
(formerly the Northern Ireland Office Planning Service(
Planning Policy Statements:
PPS5. Retailing and Town Centres.
Development Control Advice Notes (DCAN) available from
Clarence Court, 10-18 Adelaide Street, Belfast, BT2 8GB:
DCAN1. Amusement Centres.
DCAN2. Multiple Occupancy.
DCAN3. Bookmaking Offices.
DCAN4. Hot Food Bars.
DCAN5. Taxi Offices.
DCAN6. Restaurants and Cafes.
DCAN7. Public Houses.
DCAN11. Access for People with Disabilities.

Nottingham City Council, 1996, 'City 2000' (Consultation Document), Nottingham City Development Department, Nottingham, October.

Oakes, C & McKee, E, 1997, 'City-centre apartments for single people at affordable rents: The requirements and preferences of potential occupiers' (study funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation), York Publishing Services, York.

Oc, Taner & Tiesdell, Steven, 1997, 'Safer City Centres: Reviving the Public Realm', Paul Chapman Publishing, London. HT133.S2
Oc, Taner & Tiesdell, Steven, 1997, 'Café society' (measures to promote social safety in Nottingham City Centre), Surveyor, 4.9.97.

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (took over responsibility for planning, housing and regeneration from
the DTLR in May 2002)
- website: http://www.odpm.gov.uk
'Producing Boundaries and Statistics for Town Centres: London pilot study - Summary report', http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=7148&heading=e-mail+alert
'Parliamentary Statement on Town Centre Planning Policies', March 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14977&heading=e-mail+alert
'Draft Planning Policy Statement 6 (PPS6): 'Retail, Leisure, Town Centre uses', December 2003, and at http://www.odpm.gov.uk
'Good Practice in Managing the Evening and Late Night Economy', October 2004, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/stellent/groups/odpm_urbanpolicy/documents/downloadabl...
'How To Manage Town Centres', March 2005, http://www.cleanersafergreener.gov.uk/flash/index.html
'Planning for Town Centres: Guidance on design and implementation tools', March 2005,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=23887&heading=e-mail+alert
'Planning Policy Statement Six: Planning for town centres', March 2005, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=23886&heading=e-mail+alert

Ogg, Andrew, 2002, 'Helping retail fit into the new urban form' (BCSC reports), Urban Environment Today 142, 7.3.02, pp12-13

Papas, Christina, 2006, ‘Inner suburbs get priority’ (IPPR report on City Centre living), Planning 1652, 20.1.06, p8

Parsons, David & Sherman, Paul, 1991?, 'Counter-revolution', Planning Week 2 (9), March.
Parsons, David & Sherman, Paul, 1994, 'Shopping around' (savings for retail policy), Planning Week 2 (17), 28.4.94.

Patrick, Michael, 1999, 'Winds of Change' (revamp of Basildon Town Centre), Surveyor, 28.1.99.

Pearson, Martin, 1997, 'Town Centre vision needed to create thriving retail environment', Urban Environment Today, 24.7.97.

Philips, Yvonne, 1998, 'Retail/Town Centres', Paper presented to the 1998 Town and Country Planning Summer School, available at http://www.planningsummerschool.com/

Pickard, R, 2001, 'Management of Historic Centres', Spon, London. ISBN 0 419232907 (OFL on 8.6.01)

Plowden, Stephen, 1995, 'Shopping Centres - whither or wither?', Town and Country Planning 64 (1), January.

Pollock, Lawrence, 1997, 'Variety is the space of town centre life', Planning 1224, 27.6.97.

Pope, Martin, 1997, 'Urban environments and the retail sector', Town and Country Planning 66 (4), April.

Potter, Stephen, 1995, 'Viewpoint: The parts that PPG6 cannot reach', Town and Country Planning, 64 (9), September.

Prichard, David, 2001, 'Current Issues in Retail Planning', Town and Country Planning Summer School, University of Exeter, September, http://www.planningsummerschool.com/main_site/planningpapers.html

Pritchard, Stephen, 1994, 'Advent of the High Street evangelists' (Town Centre Managers), Planning Week 2 (27), 7.7.94.
Pritchard, Stephen, 1994, 'Left-bank culture comes to Britain' (pavement cafés), Planning Week, 2 (21), 26.5.94.
Pritchard, Stephen, 1996, 'New kids in town' (Town Centre Managers), Planning Week 4 (44), 31.10.96.

Provoost, M et al., 1999, 'Dutch Town: A City Centre Design', NAi Publishers, Amsterdam (OFL on 26.6.00)

Quin, Simon, 2002, 'Japan's town centres struggle in absence of UK style policies', Urban Environment Today 147, 13.6.02, p12

Raffle, John, 2002, 'Getting the message across' (signing car parks in city centres; Stirling), Surveyor, 18.4.02, pp20-22.

Raggett, Brian, 1994, Acting in the interests of the public realm', Planning Week 2 (18), 5.5.94.
Raggett, Brian, 1995, 'The future of the high street', Planning Week, 3 (16), 20.4.95.

Ramsey, M., 1990, 'Lagerland lost? An Exercise in Keeping Drinkers off the Street in Central Coventry', Crime Prevention Unit, Home Office, London

Ratcliffe, John; Flanagan, Sheila, 2004, 'Enhancing the vitality and viability of town and city centres: The concept of the business improvement district in the context of tourism enterprise', Property Management 22 (5), pp377-395

Ravenscroft, N, 2000, 'The vitality and viability of town centres', Urban Studies 37, pp2533-2549

Redding, Barry & Bulos, Marjorie, 1997, 'Evaluation of flats over shops', DOE (Department of the Environment; former), London.
Redding, Barry, 2002, 'Looking beyond living over the shop initiatives', (for increased residential population in city centres), Urban Environment Today 141, 21.2.02, pp12-13.

Rice, Daphne, 1995, 'A different approach to town centre management', Planning 1100, 6.1.95.

Richardson, Ronald, 1994, 'Finance flees the high street,' Planning Week 2 (13), 31.3.94.

Richmond, Neil, 1998, 'Town centre rules plague developers', (leisure developers), Planning 1298, 11.12.98.

Rifkin, Antony & Tracey, Richard, 1996, 'Eccles partners sign up to town centre revival', Planning 1196, 22.11.96.

Robb, Samantha, 1999, 'Town Centre management; Why bother?', ?

Roberts, Marion, 2003, 'Civilising city centres?' (the Licensing Bill and youthful binge drinking), Town and Country Planning 72 (3), March/April, pp78-80

Rock, David, 1999, 'Town Champions' (promoting better quality environments), Royal Institute of British Architects, London, tel. (020) 7307 3677, September.

Roebuck, Sandra, 1994, 'Calculating capacity' (environmental capacity in Chester), Planning Week 24 (2), 16.6.94.

Ross, Matt, 2003, 'A shop assistant on a big mission' (Bill Boler and boosting private investment in Britain's failing High Streets), Regeneration & Renewal 2.5.03, p17

Rouse, Jon & Taylor, Jim, 2000, 'Nottingham: Aiming to sustain high levels of growth' (Centres for the New Century), Urban Environment Today 97, 13.1.00.

Royal Fine Arts Commission, 1997, 'Improving Design in the High Street', (Second edition), RFAC (former), London.

Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), London, tel. (020) 7695 1568,
- publications from tel. (0870) 333 1600:
- website: http://www.rics.org.uk
'Town Centre Management', 1994.
'Back to the Centre: A New Lease of Life for Redundant Commercial Buildings?', Research Report by the University of Westminster, Grimley and London Residential Research, 1998.
 ‘What Kind of World are we Building?, March 2006, available from http://www.rics.org.uk

Salter, Miffa, 1998, 'Designs for urban living' (Town Centre renewal), Surveyor, 19.2.98.

Sangster, Marcus, 1999, 'Out of town shops mean bland cities', (diversity and independent retailers), Planning no. 1313, 9.4.99.

Sheffield City Centre, 2001, 'Sheffield City Centre: Planning Guidance for the New Retail Quarter', Sheffield City Council, tel. (0114) 273 4007, November, free.

Shutt, J; de Silva & Mueller, T, 1999, 'Step Change: The Case for a Town Improvement Zone Progrmame', Association of Town Centre Management, London.

Simmie, James, & Sutcliffe, Amanda, 1994, 'The death and life of town centres', Planning no. 1081, 12.8.94.

Simpson, Barry, 1988, 'City Centre Planning and Public Transport', Van Nostrand Reinhold (UK) Co Ltd, Berkshire.

Smith, G., 1994, 'Vitality and Viability of Town Centres', in ~Wood, M (ed), 'Planning Icons: Myth and Practice', Planning Law Conference, Journal of Planning and Environment Law, pp.91-106.

Smith, Gordon, 1998, 'All roads lead to the town centre' (PPG6 and pub developments), Planning 1299, 18.12.98.

Smith, J, 1994, 'Personal mobility and town centre redevelopment'. in Smith, J, (eds.), 1994, 'Transport and Welfare', Transport and Geography Study Group, Institute of British Geographers, Sasford.

Sola, Martin, 1999, 'Bringing Colour and Life to Grey Spaces', (encouraging freater pedestrian activity in town centres), Urban Environment Today 83, 11.11.99.

Sparks, Leigh, 1999, 'Town Centre Uses in Scotland', Report produced by the Institute for Retail Studies at the University of Stirling for the (former) Scottish Office, TSO, Edinburgh, tel. (0131) 228 4181.

Spencer-Wort, Sean, 1992, 'Leicester City Centre Pedestrian Survey 1992', Environ (previously Leicester Environment City Trust), Leicester.

Stancel, Sophie, 1998, 'A Grand Day Out' (Out of Town centres and urban regeneration), Public Service and Local Government, October.

Stanyer, Julian, 2000, 'Town improvement zones need vision to succeed' (lessons from US experience), Urban Environment Today, 27.7.00.

Stevens, Karen, 2006, ‘Making an Impact’ (Rochdale town centre regeneration partnership), Surveyor 9.3.06, pp18-20.

Stock, Graham, 2004, 'Draft lays down challenges' (draft revised PPS6 guidance on retail planning and town centres), Planning 1551, 9.1.04, p16

Stonham, Peter, 1993, 'Limited shelf-life for town centre retailing?,' The Urban Street Environment, Issue 10, July/August.

Straw, Mike, 1999, 'Is the sequential test realistic?', Planning 1322, 11.6.99.

Swindon Borough Council, 2002, 'Swindon Town Centre Audit', free from Chris Worthington, tel. (01793) 466420, October.

Syms, Martin & Steel, Mark, 2003, 'Lessons from America and the role of BIDS as an agent of Urban Regeneration', Town Planning Review 74 (3), July, p301

Tallon, Andrew, 2003, 'Residential transformation and the promotion of city centre living', Town and Country Planning 72 (6), August, pp180-193

Taylor, Nick, 1998, 'Definition of edge of town in debate', Planning 1290, 16.10.98.

The Home Office Publications available from the Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate,
50 Queen Anne's Gate, London SW11 9AT, tel. (020) 7271 8225
- website: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk
'Crime Reduction: Downtown Drinkers: The perceptions and fears of the public in a city centre', 1989, http://www.crimereduction.gov.uk/drugsalchohol3.htm
'Drinking Responsibly: The Government's proposals', January 2005, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=23055&heading=e-mail+alert

The New West End Company, 2005, 'Choices for a Better West End', The New West End Company, November, http://newwestend.com/_alpha/pub/live/_docs/programmes/Choices_for_the_West_E...

The Scottish Executive, Edinburgh, tel. (0131) 244 7543.
- website: http://www.scotland.gov.uk
'PAN 59: Improving Town Centres', 1999.
'Retail developments survey' (?exact title), August 2001 and at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/planning
SPP8: Town Centres: Consultation Draft, September 2005, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/927/0016968.pdf

The Scottish Office, Edinburgh (former); publications available from
The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, tel. (0131) 228 4181:
The Scottish Office, Edinburgh (former): Scottish Office / Scottish Executive
Development Department Planning Advice Notes:
PAN 35: Town Centre Improvement, 1989.
PAN 59. Improving Town Centres, 1999.
Other Scottish Office publications
'Town Centre Uses in Scotland' (report by Professor Leigh Sparks of Stirling University), TSO, Edinburgh, December 1998.
'National Planning Policy Guideline 8: Town Centres and Retailing'.
*'National Planning Plicy Guideline 18: Planning and the Historic Environment', available from (0131) 244 7066, April 1999.

The Welsh Office (former): Technical Advice Notes (Wales)
'Technical Advice Note (Wales) TAN (W) 4: Town Centres and Retail Development'.
'Planning Guidance (Wales) Planning Policy' (revised), TSO, Cardiff, April 1999.

Thomas, Andrew, 2002, 'Coasting to completion' (coastal protection and town centre regeneration), Surveyor, 12.12.02, pp18-19.

Thomas, Colin T & Bromley, Rosemary D.F, 2000, 'City Centre Revitalisation: Problems of Fragmentation and Fear in the Evening and Night Time City', Urban Studies 3 (7), July.
Thomas, J, Colin J & Bromley, Rosmary D.F, 2002, 'The Changing Relationship between Small Towns Centres and Out of town Retailing: Town Revival in South Wales', Urban Studies (Taylor & Francis) 39 (4), April, pp791-818

Thomas, Louise, 2000, 'Turning the corner in town centre regeneration' (challenge posed by future development possibilities), Town and Country Planning 69 (12), December.

Thomson, Ian, 1997, 'Bring it back to me' (impact of IT on retail and planning issues), Planning 1213, 11.4.97.

Thorp, Samantha, 1999, 'Social gains from Town Centre Upgrades', (SRB schemes and upgrading of public areas with boost for local businesses), Urban Environment Today 79, 16.9.99.

Thurstain-Goodwin, M & Batty, S, 1998, 'GIS and town centres: exploratory environments involving experts and users', Built Environment 24, pp43-56.
Thurstain-Goodwin, Mark, et al 2000, 'An Evaluation of Health Checks for Town Centres in London', a report for the National Retail Planning Forum, London.
Thurstain-Goodwin, Mark, 2001, 'The Sustainable Town Centre', Chapter 15 in Layard, Antonia; Davoudi, Simin & Batty, Susan, (eds) 2001, 'Planning for a Sustainable Future', Spon Press, London. ISBN 0415234085. (pb), (HC79.E5.P5)

Timworth, 1998, 'Moving pitches' (fitting multiplex complexes into town centres), Estates Gazetter, 5.12.98, pp96-98.

Tolley, Rodney (ed.). 2003, 'Sustainable transport: Planning for walking and cycling in urban environments', Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge. ISBN 1 85573 614 43 (OFL on 21.2.03)

Tomalin, Christina, 1998, 'Town centre dynamics and sustainability', Town and Country Planning 67 (3), April.
Tomalin, Christina, 1998, 'Trading Places: Loyalty to Leominster', Town and Country Planning 67 (6), July.

Tompsett, Richard, 'Fleeting attractions: A Visit to your 'local' multiplex', Planning Week, 3 (16), 20.4.95.
Tompsett, Richard, 'High Street slips on a downward spiral', Planning Week 3 (45), 9.11.95.

Town Centres Ltd Consultancy, 2001, 'The West End Entertainment Impact Study', October, available from Julie Garbett, tel. (020) 7641 2860.

Townshend, Tim & Pain, Rachel, 2000, 'Community safety in the city centre', Town and Country Planning 69 (4), April.

Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) Current Topics in Transport Series available from
TRL, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6YU:
- website: http://www.trl.co.uk
'CT51.1 'Shopping centres and transport update (1993-97), 1998.
'CT116: Town centres and traffic management (1994-97), 1998. Oversize HE336.T7
CT116.1 'Town Centres and Traffic Management', (1998-2003), 2003.

Travers, T & Weimar, J, 1996, 'Business Improvement Districts. New York and London', LSE & Corporation of London, London.

University of Liverpool, 2001. 'City Centre Living as the Springboard for Regeneration? Some lessons from Liverpool', University of Liverpool, tel. (0151) 794 3109, June, £10.

Urban Initiatives, ? 'The Cities Design Forgot: a Manifesto', Urban Initiatives, London.

Urban Land Initiatives, 1998, 'Office Development Handbook', 2nd edition, ULI, Washington DC, Spring .

Urban Management Initiatives (UMI), tel. (01484) 664808:
'What is Happening in our town centres?' (a survey of 46 town centres between 1990-95), UMI for Boots the Chemist, available from UMI, The Poplars, Armitage Bridge, Huddersfield, HD4 7PB, tel. (01484) 664808, April 1996.
'How are Britain's towns and cities shaping up to the new Millennium', UMI, 1997.
'The Lockwood Survey', UMI, Huddersfield, November 1997
'The Lockwood Survey 1999', £50 from UMI, Huddersfield, May 1999.
'The Lockwood Survey 2000', £75.
'The Lockwood Survey 2001', April and at http://www.lockwood-survey.com
'The Lockwood Town and City Centre Survey 2003', August 2003.

Urbed, London, tel. (020) 7436 8050:
'Vital and Viable Town Centres: Meeting the Challenge', HMSO, London, ?1996. Documents division: UK/P94/183
(Urbed for the Association of Town Centre Management/DOE), 'Town Centre Partnerships: A Survey of Good Practice and Report of an Action Research Report', The Stationery Office, June 1997.
'The Renaissance of Post-War Town Centres', Urbed, November 2000, £8.

Valuation Office of the Inland Revenue, 2001, 'Commercial and Industrial Floorspace and Rateable Value Statistics 2000', October.

van Vliet, R, 1998, 'Autovrije kern maakt Gronginer binnenstad beter' (car-free core makes Groningen's city centre better), Verkeerskunde, May.

Verdict Research, London.
- website: http://www.verdict.co.uk
'The Future Prospects for Town Centres', 1995.
'Verdict on the High Street', August 2003.

Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, Canada,
tel/fax. +1 250 360 1560, litman@vtpi.org
- website: http://www.vtpi.org (includes many VTPI reports)
'The Value of Downtown, 2004, http://www.vtpi.org/downtown.pdf
'Strong Commercial Centers', July 2004, http://vtpi.org/tdm/tdm117.htm

Vision for London, 1998, 'Town Centres: Key Elements: Performance Indicators, Regeneration and Evaluation', Vision for London.

Walker, Ben, 2003, 'High streets' chain reaction' (small-scale high-street based supermarkets), Regeneration & Renewal, 30.5.03, pp16-17

Walsh, Bernadine, 1997, 'Do High Streets Need Charity?' (impact of charity shops), Urban Environment Today, 3.4.97.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1997, 'Building loyalty to town centres', Urban Environment Today, 15.5.97.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1997, 'Banking on the High Street' (implications of changing banking trends for high streets), Urban Environment Today, 29.5.97.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1997, Taking steps towards more sociable street', Urban Environment Today, 4.9.97.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1997, 'Catering for the Café Society', Urban Environment Today, 30.10.97.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1997, 'Helping small shops fight for survival', Urban Environment Today, 13.11.97.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1998, 'Local comeback for supermarkets', Urban Environment Today, 23.7.98.
Walsh, Bernadine, 1998, 'The 24-hour City - Do we really want it?', Urban Environment Today, 24.11.98.

Ward, Charles, 1996, 'Policy into Practice', (new PPG6), Planning Week 4 (29), 18.7.96.

Warren, Abigail, 'London gets measure of town centre health', Planning no. 1185, 6.9.96.

Webster, Ben, 2002, 'Key to a good night in town' (town centre residents and the night-time economy), Planning 1476, 5.7.02, pp14-15.

Whyte, W, 1981, 'Street Corner Society', University Press of Chicago.
Whyte, William H, 1988, 'City: Rediscovering the Center', Anchor Books / Doubleday, New York.
Whyte, William H (ed), 1991, 'The Exploding Metropolis', University of California Press.

Williams, Anthony, 1993, 'Multiplex mania ignores economic reality and needs of town centres', Urban Environment Today, 2.10.93.
Williams, Anthony, 1999, 'Multiplex cinemas - could the boom turn to bust?', Urban Environment Today, 18.2.99.

Williams, Chris, 1996, 'Looking beyond advice to town centre futures', Planning 1177, 2.7.96.

Williams, Colin C, 1992, 'The Role of Regional Shopping Centres in Revitalising Local Economies: A Case for the Defence', Leeds Metropolitan University, CUDEM Working Paper Series, 14.

Williams, G, 1996, 'Postcode 3000 - promoting city centre living', Town and Country Planning 65 (4), pp203-212.
Williams, G; Batho; Russell, L, 2000, 'Responding to urban crisis: the emergency planning response to the bombing of Manchester city centre', (Elsevier Science) Cities 17 (4).
Williams, Gwyndaf, 2003, 'The Enterprising City Centre: Manchester's Development Challenge', Spon Press / Routledge, London, November. ISBN 0 415 252261 X (Hb) / 0 415 25262 8 (pb)

Williams, Huw, 1995, 'Food shopping; where next?, (Ambit Publications) Report for the Natural and Built Environment, Issue 3, April.
Williams, Huw, 1998, 'Cracking eggs to make an omelette', Planning 1270, 10.7.98.
Williams, Huw, 2001, 'Can Planning Really Save Town Centres?', Town and Country Planning Summer School, University of Exeter, September, http://www.planningsummerschool.com/main_site/planningpapers.html

Williams, 1998, 'Up town and top-ranking', Planning 1276, 17.7.98.

Winkley, Rob, 2001, 'Is there life left in the high street?' (implications of current shopping trends), Planning 1409, 9.3.01.
Winkley, Rob, 2001, 'Districts with an American twist' (relevance of US experience with business improvement districts in Britain), Planning 1417, 4.5.01, p10.
Winkley, Rob, 2001, 'Race on to develop Liverpool' (city centre), Planning 1438, 28.9.01, pp16-17.
Winkley, Rob, 2002, 'Town centre merger set to drive renewal' (Merry Hill and Brierley Hill, West Midlands), Planning 1472, 7.6.02, pp14-15.

Womens' Design Service (WDS), 52-54 Featherstone Street, London EC1Y 8RT,
tel. (020) 7490 5210:
'At Womens' Convenience: A Handbook on the Design of Womens' Toilets', 1990.
'A Guide to Good Practice', 1996.
*'Making Safer Places', £15, 1999.
WDS Broadsheet Design Series:
1. Race and Gender in Architectural Design.
8. Designing Out Crime. LWPF Report, April 1994.
9. Public Places, Future Spaces: Older Womens and the Built Environment.
11. Street Lighting and Womens' Safety.
12. Are Town Centres Managing? LWPF Report, October 1994.
16. Public Surveillance Systems.
17. Local Pride: The Role of the Public and Community Art.
19. Public Surveillance Systems: Do People Benefit?.

Wood, Chris, 2000, 'Hull: Seeking pride and purpose to stop the population drift', Urban Environment Today, 27.7.00.

Wood, Mark, 2001, 'How tiers of guidance can cause confusion', (planning guidance and the decisioln to reject two rival schemes for Bracknell town centre), Planning 1433, 24.8.01, p20

Woodford, Richard, 2002, 'Life returns to heart of city' (promotion of sustainable city centre living in Manchester), Manchester; Making Planning Work feature, Planning 1472, 7.6.02, p11.

Woolley, Helen, 1997, 'Out on the town with the kids', Planning 1225, 4.7.97.
Woolley, Helen, 1997, 'Young people and town centres', Department of Landscape, University of Sheffield, Sheffield.
Woolley, Helen, 1997, 'A young urban vitality', Landscape Design, September, pp36-39.
Woolley, Helen; Spencer, Christopher; Dunn, Jessica & Rolwey, Gwyn, 1999, 'The Child as Citizen: Experiences of British Town and City Centres', Journal of Urban Design 4 (3), October.

Wray, Ian, 1998, 'Are Compulsory Purchase Orders the key to regeneration?', Urban Environment Today, 15.10.98.