ST24. CAR-SHARING (& CAR POOLING)
(updated: June 13, 2006 )

OFL = Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates more useful and/or up to date references

Abraham, J.E., 1999, 'Car sharing: A survey of preferences', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Armitage, Richard, 1997, 'Hire intelligence' (car-sharing in the UK), Surveyor, 4.12.97
Armitage, Richard, 1999, 'Share Options', Surveyor, 1.7.99.

Axelsson, Tracey, 1997, 'When is a car NOT a car?', (the Cooperative Auto Network, Vancouver, Canada), World Transport Policy and Practice 3 (4) (and available on the WTPP website).

Ayele, M & Bjun, J, 1984, 'Personal, Social, Psychological and Other Factors in Ridesharing Programs', United States Department of Transportation, Washington DC.

Ball, C 2002, 'Realising the Potential for Car Clubs', Institute of Public Policy Research, London, 18 November 2002.

Ballard, Judy, 2001, 'Sharing a car: how to make a dent in the auto owning culture', eg' (University of Westminster), 7 (5), May, pp7-9.
Ballard, Judy, 2003, 'Car clubs: food for thought for the well-being power', eg' (promoting local sustainable development) (University of Westminster), 9 (1), January, pp10-11.

Beroldo, Steve, 1990, 'Casual Carpooling in the San Francisco Bay Area', Transportation Quarterly, January, pp. 133-150.
Beroldo, Steve, 1991, 'Ridematching System Effectiveness: A Coast-To-Coast Perspective', (US) Transportation Research Record 1321, pp. 7-12.

Birch, Simon, 1999, 'Could you live without your car?', The Sustainable Urban Neighbourhood Initiative (Urbed), Issue 9.

Bonsall, P.W, 1979, 'Car Pooling in the USA: A British Perspective', TRRL Supplementary Report 516, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire.
Bonsall, P,W, 2002, 'Car Share and Car Clubs: potential impacts', DTLR and Motorists' Forum Final Report, Institute of Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds.

Bradshaw, Colin, 1999, 'How one family kicked the habit', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Bradshaw, Chris, 'How car-sharing will help reestablish the neighbourhood economy?', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), 1999, and on the WTPP website.

Brightwell, Sarah, 'Internet and email technology helps lift-sharing to come of age', Local Transport Today 367, 29.5.03, pp10-11

Britton, Eric, 1999, 'Road map and compass', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3).
Britton, Eric, 1999, 'Why car sharing has not, cannot and will never work', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Britton, Eric, 1999, 'What happens next?', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Britton, Eric, 1999, 'Recommendations', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Britton, Eric, 1999, 'Annex A: the process behind this (carsharing) report', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Brook, Dave, 1999, 'So you want to start a car sharing service', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Cairns, Sally, 2001, 'Car clubs - the transport impacts' (Swiss experience), Town and Country Planning 70 5), May, p144.

Car Free Cities Network, Brussels, tel. +32 2 552 0874, fax. +32 2 552 0889, email: cfc@eurocities.be :
'Car Free But Care Free', 1998.
'Car-Sharing - the mobile alternative in Europe' (CD), 2000.

Carplus UK, Leeds, tel. (0113) 234 9299:
- website: http://www.carplus.org.uk/
'Achieving low-car housing: the role of car share clubs', 2003.
'The Carplus Toolkit. CC3.3. The European Experience', http://www.carplus.org.uk/information/pdf/toolkit-contents.pdf

CICC, 2006, ‘Wasted Miles’, CICC, tel. (01223) 881622, April.

Commission for Integrated Transport, 5th Floor, Romney House, Tufton Street, London SW1P 3RA,
tel. (020) 7944 4101/4813, fax (020) 7944 2919, email cfit@dtlr.gsi.gov.uk
- website: http://www.cfit.gov.uk
'Car share and car clubs', 2002, http://www.cfit.gov.uk/mf/reports/carclubs/report/index.htm

Comsis Corporation, 1993, 'Implementing Effective Travel Demand Management Measures: Inventory of Measures and Synthesis of Experience', USDOT and Institute of Tranpsortation Engineers - and c.f. http://www.ite.org

Cousins, Steve, 1996, 'Green Cars: a guide to shared car ownership', International Ecotechnology Centre, Cranfield University
Cousins, Steve & Noonan, Brendan, 1998, 'The Car Club Kit', Car Club Publications, PO Box 1237, Coventry, CV6 3ZB.
Cousins, Steven, 1998, 'A model of car availability in car-sharing schemes of different sizes', Traffic Engineering and Controil 39, pp90-94.
Cousins, Steven, 1999, 'Carsharing kit - Why wait for it to come to you?', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), pp219-22, and on the WTPP website.
Cousins, Steven, 2001, 'Car clubs ride again', Town and Country Planning 70 5), May, p142.

Cox, Alistair, 2001, 'BEST experience from Bristol' (community car club experience), Town and Country Planning 70 5), May, p145.

Crawford, David, 2005, 'Club attracts the smart set' (new-style 'smart' car clubs in the UK), Surveyor 29.9.05, pp13-15

Department for Transport (DfT)
(in May 2002 replaced the Transport part of the Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
- website: http://www.dft.gov.uk/
'Revised National Travel Survey Data for Urban and Rural Areas', December 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=13480&heading=e-mail+alert
'Report commissioned by Motorists' Forum report on how to promote car sharing and car clubs in rural areas: Government Response', December 2002, http://www.local-transport.dft.gov.uk/travelplans/mforum/index.htm
'Making Car Sharing and Car Clubs Work: A good practice guide', November 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=22109&heading=e-mail+alert

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (June 1997-June 2001; replaced by the DTLR)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
'Planning Policy Guidance Note 13: Transport', March 2001, and at http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/ppg/ppg13/index.htm

Dueker, K.J; Bair, B.O & Levin, I.P, 1977, 'Ride Sharing: Psychological Factors', Journal of Transportation Engineering 103, pp685-692.

EcoPlan International, 1998, 'CarSharing '98: Present Status, future Prospects: A Casebook of Useful Services', EcoPlan International, Paris.

Enoch, Marcus, 2001, 'How Public and Private Organisations support City Car Share Cluibs', Open University, Milton Keynes.
Enoch, Marcus, 2002, 'Supporting CarShare Clubs: a worldwide review', DG TREN, MOSES project, European Commission, Brussels, http://213.170.188.3/moses/m_papers/car-share-clubs-rep.pdf
Enoch, Marcus, 2003, 'Pooling together: why the vanpool works in the US and the Netherlands', Traffic Engineering and Control, January, pp12-14

Environ, 1994, 'Car-sharing in Leicester and the UK; a review of Practice, Attitudes and Potential', Research Report 14' , HE336 C27.C2

Feature, 1997, 'Community car share club planned for Leeds estate', Local Transport Today, 22.5.97.
Feature, 2001, 'Can car clubs serve as a realistic alternative to private car ownership?', Local Transport Today, 8.2.01.

Fellows, N.T. & Pitfield, D.E., 2000, 'An economic and operational evaluation of urban car-sharing', Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 5 (1), pp1-10.

Filosa, Gina, 2006, ‘Carsharing: Establishing Its Role in the Parking Demand Management Toolbox’, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria BC, Canada, http://vtpi.org/filosa_carsharing.pdf

Franke, S, 2001, 'Car Sharing: Von Okoprojekt zur Dienstleistung' (From an eco-projct towards a service', Sigma Edition, Berlin.

Glotz-Richter, Michael, 1995, 'Living without a car', World Transport Policy and Practice 1 (1), pp45-47.
Glotz-Richter, Michael, 1996, 'Steps towards an Ecologically Responsible Lifestyle', Urban Nature Magazine, Autumn, pp151-155.
Glotz-Richter, Michael with Rye, Tom, 1999, The Bremen approach to carsharing', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), 1999, and on the WTPP website.

Halcrow, 2002, 'Soft Factors Report', Halcrow for the DTLR, April, http://www.roads.dtlr.gov.uk/roadnetwok/heta/sfreport/01.htm

Harms, Sylvia & Truffer, Bernhard, 1999, 'Carsharing as a socio-technical learning system', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), pp172-180, and on the WTPP website.

Hoogma, Remco; Kemp, Rene; Schot, Johan & Truffer, Bernhard, 2002, 'Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management', Spon Press, London, October. ISBN 0 415 27116 9 (Hb) / 0 415 27117 7 (pb)

Huwer, Ulriche, 2004, 'Public transport and csar-sharing-benefits and effects of combined services', Transport Policy 11 (1), January, pp77-87,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=CONTENTS&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S0967070X03000593&_version=1&md5=3cd8b26e05bb662171030bb09f5d6aaf
International Union of Public Transport / Union Internationale des Transport Publics (UITP), Brussels.
- website: http://www.uitp.com
'Making cities liveable; the public transport challenge', 1996.
'Public Transport and Car-Sharing: Together for the better', 2003.
'Ticket to the Future: 3 Stops to Sustainable Mobility', March 2003, http://www.uitp.com/Project/pics/susdev/BrochureUK.pdf

Katzev, Richard, 1997, 'Car Sharing: Breaking Out of the Transportation Trap', World Transport Policy and Practice 3 (4), (and available on the WTPP website).
Katzef, Richard; Brook, David & Nice, Matthew, 2001, 'The effects of car sharing on travel behaviour: analysis of CarSharing Portland's first year', Journal of World Transport Policy & Practice, 7 (1), and at http://www.ecoplan.org/wtpp/wt_index.htm as

Kramer-Badoni, T, 1994, 'Life Without the Car: an experiment and a plan', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18 (2), pp347-356.

Ledbury, Matthew, 2005, 'Overcoming the barriers: how to steer car sharing schemes into a successful future', Local Transport Today 411, 17.2.05, p13

Leeds University Institute of Transport Studies (ITS), 2002, 'UK Car Clubs: Research Report' (?exact title) (includes focussed work on the Car Clubs role for 'socially disadvantaged groups'), July, Commission for Integrated Transport, July 2002 at: http://www.cfit.gov.uk/whatsnew.htm

Litman, Todd, 1999, 'Carsharing benefits to start a car sharing will help reestablish the neighbourhood economy?', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Loose, Willi, 2006, 'Assessment of the Future Development of Car Sharing in Germany and Related Opportunities', Transport Review 26 (3), May, 26 (3), May, p365, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=V7856132P67U6130

Massot, Marie-Helene; Allouche, Jean-Francois & Parent, Michel, 1999, 'Praxtile: Station car experiment in France' (machine translation), World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Massot, Marie-Helene, 1999, 'Annex E: Praxitele, le concept, l'experimentation' (machine translation), World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Massot, Marie-Helene, 1999, 'Praxitele, demonstration results' (machine translation), World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Meaton, Julia; Starkey, Richard & Williams, Sue, 2003, 'Stelios - the accidental environmentalist? The potential impacts of the Easycar Club in the UK', World Transport Policy & Practice 9 (1), available at http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/WTPPhome.html
Meaton, Julia & Low, Chris, 2004, 'What makes a successful car club?', eg' (University of Westminster) 10 (2), February, pp10-12

Meijkamp, Rens, 1999, 'Carsharing in the Netherlands', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Mignotte, Loic, 1999, 'Annex C: Caisse-Commune, Paris - Progress report', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), 1999, and on the WTPP website.

Morris, Dave, 2006, 'Antidotes to car use fatalism' (Report on the 29 November 2005 Conference on 'Reducing Car Use: Time to Get Smart', London), Town and Country Planning 75 (1), January, pp29-30.

Mu1heim, P, 1998, 'Mobility at Your Convenience: Car-Sharing - The Key to Combined Mobility', Transport Section, Energie 2000, Berne, Switzerland.
Mulheim, Peter, 1999, 'CarSharing - The Key to Combined Mobility', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Muheim, P, 1998, 'Mobility at Your Convenience: Car-Sharing - The Key to Combined Mobility', Transport Section, Energie 2000, Berne, Switzerland.

Newig, J & Hockerts, K, 1995, 'Car Sharing and Charterway', EPE Sourcebook, 3.18, http://www.epe.be/workbooks/sourcebook/3.18.html

Noonan, Brendan & Cousins, Steve, ?1999, 'Car Club Kit', (advice on setting up a small scale DIY car club with friends and neighbours), Car Club Publications, PO Box 1237, Coventry CV6 3ZB

Novy, Peter, 1999, 'Annex B: Austria - CASUAL carsharing manual and comments', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Parker, Jon, 2005, 'Car schemes reap benefits across board', Planning 1605, 4.2.05, p14

Petersen, M, 1995, 'Die okonomische Analyse des Car Sharing', (Economic Analysis of Car-Sharing), Deutscher Universitaets Verlag, Wiesbaden.

Pharoah, Tim, '1987, Shared cars: key to reducing traffic', Town and Country Planning 56 (9), pp240-242.

Rathbone, Jo, 2001, 'Car clubs for beginners', Town and Country Planning 70 5), May, p143.

Reinhardt, Ernst, 2001, 'Car-sharing in Switzerland: a case study', Chapter in Theme 2: Politics and Planning: winning hearts and minds', in Hewitt, Mark & Hagan, Susannah, 'City Fights: Debates on Urban Sustainability', James and James (Science Publishers), London NW1, ISBN 1 902916 17 4

Reutter, Oscar & Boehler, Susanne, 2000, 'Car Sharing for Business: The Aachen region pilot project', World Transport Policy and Practice 6 (3), and at http://www.ecoplan.org/wtpp/wt-index.html

Reynolds, Elizabeth; McLaughlin, Kevin & Neville, Ronald W, 1999, 'Recognising the revolutionary nature of car-sharing', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Rye, Tom; Saunders, John; Celikel, Nazan & Saleh, Wafaaa, 1999, 'Edinburgh City Car Club Goes Live', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Saxon, Ian, 2001, 'Cornerstones of cost and convenience' (experience of the Avis CARvenience car-sharing scheme in Oxford), Town and Country Planning 70 5), May, p144.

Segras, Chris & Gakenheimer, Ralp[h, 1999, 'Carsharing in Latin America', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3) and on the WTPP website.

*Semlyen, Anna, 2000, 'Cutting Your Car Use', £4.95, Green Books, Foxhole, Totnes, Devon TQ9 6EB, tel. (01803) 863260. (ISBN 1 870098 87 0) (OFL on 4.9.00)

Seymour, Nigel, 1991, 'Measures to reduce low occupancy car commuting,' Transportation Planning Systems, Vol. 1 (2).

Shaheen, Susan; Sperling, Dan & Wagner, Conrad, 1999, 'A Short History of Carsharing in the 90s', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Shaheen, Susan, 1999, 'CarLink - A smart carsharing system', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.
Shaheen, Susan; Sperling, D & Wagner, C, 1999, 'CarSharing in Europe and North America: past, present and future', Transportation Quarterly 53 (3), pp35-52.
Shaheen, S.A; Meyn, M.A, 2002, 'Shared use vehicle services: a survey of North American Market Developments', http://www.gocarlink.com/pdf/shaheen_meyn.pdf

Sheaton, Julia & Low Christopher, 2003, 'Car Club Development: The Role of Local Champions', World Transport Policy & Practice, 9(3), at http://www.eco-logica.co.uk/WTPPhome.html

Smith, Andrea, 2001, 'Share dealers' (UK car-share movement prospect after the collapse of the Edinburgh car-sharing club), Surveyor, 12.4.01, pp21-22.

Sperling, D; Shaheen, S; Wagner, C, 2000, 'Carsharing and mobility services: an updated overview', http://www.calstart.org/resources/papers/car_sharing.html

Steininger, K; Vogl, C; Zettl, R, 1996, 'Car-sharing organisations. The size of the market segment and revealed change in mobility behaviour', Transport Policy 3 (4), pp177-185.

Stott, Martin, 2001, 'The car-sharing business', Town and Country Planning 70 (6), June, p164.

Strid, Martin, 1999, 'Sweden - getting mobilised', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3) and on the WTPP website.

System Three Social Research, 2001, 'Monitoring and Evaluation of the Edinburgh City Car Club', TSO, Edinburgh, tel. (0131) 622 7050, October.

The Countryside Agency, 2004, 'Rural Car Clubs', CA 172, November, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=22239&heading=e-mail+ale

The Scottish Executive, 2001, 'Monitoring and evaluation of the Edinburgh City Car Club', TSO, tel. (0970) 606 5566, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/cru/kd01/blue/carclub-00.asp

Thogersen, John & Norre, Lise, 1999, 'Who are the early adopters of car sharing?', World Transport Policy and Practice 5 (3), and on the WTPP website.

Turnbull, K.F, 1992, 'An Assessment of High Occupancy Vehicles Facilities in North America', United States Department of Transportation, Washington DC.

University of Southampton Transport Research Group, 2001, 'Transport lessons from the fuel crisis', available from Glenn Lyons, TRG, University of Southampton, September c.f. http://www.trg.soton.ac.uk

Urban Systems, 1995, 'Potential for Commuter Vanpool Services', Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD).

US Environmental Protection Agency, 199?, 'Commuter Choice Program', Transportation Air Quality Center, USEPA, http://www.epa.gov/oms/traq

Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) publications available from VCD e.V, Eifelstrasse 2, D-53119 Bonn,
tel. +49 228 985850 - 32, fax. +49 228 98585 -10, email: versand@vcd.org - website: http://www.vcd.org
'Nachbarschaftsauto-Vertrag' (neighbourhood car agreement), Art Nr. 2002, 1995

Verkehrsclub Österreich (VCOe) publications available from
VCÖ, Vienna, Austria, fax. +43 1 893 2431:
''Gleiche Mobilität fuer weniger Geld', (The same mobility for less money; study on car-sharing), 1997.
'Car-Sharing und andere Modelle flexibler Autonutzung' (Car-sharing and other models of flexible car use), 1997.

Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria BC, Canada (Director: Todd Litman)
- reports available free at http://www.islandnet.com/~litman
'Evaluating Carsharing Benefits', 1999.

Vincent, R.A & Wood, K, 1979, 'Car Sharing and Car Pooling in Great Britain: The Recent Situation and Potential', TRRL Laboratory Report 893, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Bekrshire.

Von Weizsaecher, Ernst; Lovins, Amory B and Lovins, L. Hunter, 1998. 'Factor Four: Doubling wealth, Halving Resource Use' (Chapter 3), Earthscan, London. ISBN 1 85383 406 8 (HD9502.W4)

Wager, Conrad & Shaheen, Susan, 1998, 'Car Sharing and Mobility Management: Facing new challenges with technology and innovative business planning', World Transport Policy and Practice 4 (2) on the WTPP website.

Washington State Ridesharing Organization, 1994, 'Do-It-Yourself Vanpool Guide', WSDOT, Seattle - and see http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Mobility

Winters, Philip & Rudge, Daniel, 1995, 'Commute Alternatives Educational Outreach', National Urban Transit Institute, Center for Urban Transportation Research, USF, Tampa, http://www.cutr..eng.usf.edu

Wuppertal Institute, 2003, 'The Future of Car-Sharing in Germany', http://www.wupperinst.org/Projekte/Verkehr/3124-e