MW05. INCINERATION
(updated: August 4, 2006 )

Birtles, William, 1997, 'Implementation of the Landfill Directive into UK Law or 'Incineration here we come', Journal of Planning and Environment Law, November, pp989-992.

Chartered Institute of Wastes Management
'Energy from Waste: A Good Practice Guide', 2003.
'Energy from Waste: Netherlands Study Tour', 2005.

Commission of the European Communities, 1998, 'Proposal for a Council Directive on the Incineration of Waste', COM (98) 558 Final, CEC, Brussels, October 1998, available from TSO Scanfax Service, London.

Committee of the Regions, 1999, 'Comments on the European Commission draft directive on the incineration of waste' (Com (98) 0558, March and at http://www.cor.eu.int

Conniffe, Tom, 1997, ‘A phoenix can rise from the ashes’, Planning 1237, 29.9.97.

Coulson, Andrew, 2000, 'Incineration Fascination: To Burn or Not to Burn?', (University of Westminster) Local Environment News 6(3), March.

CSERGE, 1993, 'Externalities of landfill and incineration', Report to the (former) Department of the Environment, London.

C-Tech Innovation, 2003, 'Thermal methods of municipal waste treatment. A Biffaward Programme on Sustainable Resource Use',

Dempsey, C.R. & Oppelt, T., 1993, 'Incineration of hazardous waste: a critical review update', Air and Waste, 43 (1), January.

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (June 2001-)
- website: http://www.defra.gov.uk

'Consultation on the Implementation of Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste', June 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=6992&heading=e-mail+alert
'Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76/EC: Implementing directions', December 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=13631&heading=e-mail+alert
'Waste Incineration Regulations and Regulations', DEFRA publications, January 2003, and at http://vwww.defra.gsi.gov.uk/environment/ppc/wasteincin/index.htm
'Air Quality Notes: AQ1(03) - EU Waste Incineration Directive', February 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14079&heading=e-mail+alert
'Guide to Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste', February 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14230&heading=e-mail+alert
'Guidance on the Directive 2000/76/E$C on the incineration of waste', 2003, http://www.defra.gov/environment/ppc/wasteincin/index.htm#Guidance
'Second Review of Process Guidance Notes: Combustion and incineration sector', February 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=18764&heading=e-mail+alert
'The Review of Environmental and Health Effects of Waste Management - Municipal Waste and Similar Wastes', April 2004, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/health-effects/index.htm
'Consultation on the Second Edition of Guidance on Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste', August 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=21276&heading=e-mail+alert
'Secretary of State's Final Consultation on Statutory Guidance Notes: A2 installations using recovered fuel oil for co-incineration', November 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=22318&heading=e-mail+alert
'Revised guidance on Directive 2000/76/EC - incineration of waste', 2004, http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/consult/ppc-wid/guidance.pdf
'Secretary of State's Final Consultation on Statutory Guidance Notes: A2 animal carcass incineration with capacity of less than one tonne per hour', December 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=22783&heading=e-mail+alert

Department of the Environment (DOE) (former; from June 1997 to June 2001 part of the
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, DETR, from 1997-2001):

*Planning Policy Guidance Note 23, 'Planning and Pollution Control', HMSO, 1994
'Externalities from landfill and incineration', Centre for Social and Economic Research, Warren Spring Laboratory, for the Environment Consultancy, HMSO, 1993.
'Government Response to the 17th Report of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution: Incineration of Waste', July 1994.
'Making Waste Work': A Strategy for Sustainable Waste Management' (National Waste Strategy), HMSO, 1995.

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, (DETR) (June 1997-June 2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk

'Waste Strategy 2000 (Waste Strategy 2000 for England and Wales - Command paper)', Cm 4693: 1 & 2', TSO, May 2000, ISBN 0 10 14692322 & 01046933 (OFL on 26.5.00) http://www.environment.detr.gov.uk/wastestrategy/cm4693/index.htm

'Foot and Mouth Disease: The permitting under the Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations of air curtain incinerators used for the disposal of carcasses - Consultation paper', April 2001, http://www.environment.detr.gov.uk/consult/incin/index.htm

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
- website: http://www.dti.gov.uk

'Sustainable energy from waste', 1999.
'Sustainable Development Strategy: A strategy for simultaneously securing economic growth and environmental protection', DTI, London, tel. (020) 7215 5000, October 2000, and at http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/index.htm

Devon County Council, 2001, 'The Devon Recovery Plan', November 2001, free from tel. (01392) 382245, and at http://www.devon.gov.uk/fminquiry/mercerprelimrept.doc

Eales, Janet & Wood, Christopher, 1999, 'Clinical waste incineration - a suitable case for treatment?', Town and Country Planning 68 (3), March

Early, Catherine, 2006, 'Incineration poised for greater waste disposal', (Defra draft wast strategy), Planning 1657, 24.2.06, p11

Ecotec Research & Consulting Ltd, for FoE, Waste Watch and UK Waste), 2000, 'Beyond the Bin, the Economics of Recycling', March, available from email: doreen@wastewatch.org.uk, also available on the Waste Watch website: http://www.wastewatch.org.uk/publicat/beyondbin

ENDS Report, 1997, 'Blow for incineration as recycling triumphs in EC cost-benefit study', ENDS Report 267, April, pp.23-26.
ENDS Report, 1999, 'Predict and provide' waste strategy points to incineration', ENDS Report 293, June, pp23-26.

Energy from Waste Association (EWA):
'Energy, waste and the environment', c1996.
'Efficiency of waste management options', January 1999

Environmnent Agency, Bristol~
- website: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/

'Ash from municipal solid waste incinerators in England' (?exact title), 2002,
http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/waste/306772/307519

'Protecting the Public from Waste', Report by the Comptroller and Auditor-General: Summary and Full Report', http://www.nao.gov.uk
'Guidance for the Incineration of Waste and Fuel Manufactured from or including waste. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), 2004.

Enviros Consulting Ltd
Enviros Consulting Ltd & EFTEC, 'Valuation of the external costs and benefits to health and environment of waste management options', Report for Defra, http://www.defra.gov.uk 2004
Enviros & University of Birmingham, 'Review of Environmental and Health Effects of Waste Management, Muncipal and Solid Waste and Similar Wastes', Report for Defra. Extended nSummary and Full Report available from email: Derra@forcegroup.com

EPA, 2000, 'The health effects of incinerators' (?exact title), EPA, ?Washington DC.

ERM for (former) DOE/HMIP, 1995, 'A review of dioxin emissions in the UK', July

Eunomia Research and Consulting & TBU Environmental Engineering, 2003, 'Cool Waste Management: A State of the Art Alternative to Incineration for Residual Municipal Waste. Report for Greenpeace.

Farmer A & Herp, 2001, 'Muncipal Solid Waste Incineration: Health Effects, Regulation and Public Communication', A Report to the Natioanl Society for Clean Air and Environmental Protection, Brighton, Sussex.
Farmer A & Herp, 2001, 'Health Effects, regulation and public communications', A Report to the Natioanl Society for Clean Air and Environmental Protection, Brighton, Sussex.

Feature, 1998, 'Do we really need Waste Incineration?', (debate between Ray Palin of the Energy for Waste Association & Alan Watson of Friends of the Earth), Green Futures, January / February.

Forum for the Future, ?2004, 'The Natural Step - Thermal treatment of Waste', Forum for the Future, at http://www.naturalstep.org.uk/

Friends of the Earth (FOE), London
- FOE Publications, 56-58 Alma Street, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 2PH, tel. (020) 7490 1555:

- website: http://www.foe.co.uk
'The Incineration Campaign Guide', December 1997.
(FoE, Waste Watch and UK Waste, based on research by Ecotec Research and Consulting Ltd, ), 'Beyond the Bin, the Economics of Recycling', March 2000, available from email: doreen@wastewatch.org.uk, also at: http://www.wastewatch.org.uk/publicat/beyondbin

'How to Win: Campaign against incinerators', ISBN 1 85750 338 4, September 2000.
'Money to burn: Perverse subsidies for incineration', 2003.
'Incinerators and Deprivation', 2004.
‘A Changing Climate for Energy from Waste?’, May 2006.

Global Incinerator Alliance (GAIA), 2004, 'Waste Incineration: A Dying Technology', Global Incinerator Alliance (GAIA).

Greenpeace, L:ondon
- website: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/

'How to comply with the Landfill Directive without incineration: A Greenpeace Blueprint'', 2001, http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/MultimediaFiles/Live/FullReport/4378.pdf
'Incineration and Human Health. State of Knowledge of the Impacts of Waste Incinerators on Human Health', 2001

Greenpeace Environmental Trust, 2003, 'Cool waste management: a state of the art alternative incineration for residual municipal waste', http://www.greenpeace.org.uk

Hague, Barry, 1995, 'Positive about Waste', (combustion projects), (ETSU) New Review, no. 25, May.

Health Research Board, 2003, 'Health and Environmental Effects of Landfilling and Incineration of Waste - A Literature Review', for Department of the Environment and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Herbert, Lewis, 1998, 'Towering Inferno', Surveyor, 22.1.98.

Hester, R. & Harrison, R., (eds.), 1994, 'Waste incineration and the environment', ?. TD195.152 WAS

Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution (HMIP) (part of the Environment Agency since April 1996):
'Risk assessment of dioxin releases from municipal waste incineration processes - HMIP March 1996

House of Commons Select Committee on the European Communities, 1999, 'Eleventh Report', TSO, tel. (0345) 023474, July.

House of Commons Environment, Transport and the Regions Select Committee:
'Delivering Sustainable Waste Management', (Fifth report of the ETR Select Committee), TSO, tel. (0870) 600 5522, March 2001, and at http://www.parliament.uk/commons/selcom/etrahome.htm

House of Commons Library
'Waste incineration' (Research Paper 02/34), 2002, http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2002/rp02-034.pdf

House of Lords Committee on the European Communities, ?2000, 'Recycling and Incincertion' (?exact title).

Huhtala, A., 1999, 'How much do money, inconvenience and pollution matter? Analysing households' demand for large-scale recycling and incineration', Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 55 (1), January, pp27-38.

Ilex Energy Consulting, 2005, 'Eligibility of Energy from Waste - Study and Analysis. The options for, and implications of, amending the rules for energy recovery from mixed wastes'. Final report to the Department of Trade and Industry, London.

Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), London
- website: http://www.ice.org.uk

'The State of the Nation Report: Urgent Action Needed to Prevent Rubbish Mountain: Over 2000 New Facilities Required To Cope With Waste Crisis', June 2004, http://www.ice.org.uk/downloads//SoN_2004.pdf

Kitson, Tony & Harris, Russell, 1994, 'A Burning Issue? Planning Controls and Waste Incineration', Journal of Planning and Environment Law, January.

MEL Research (for DTI), 1996, 'Use of Incineration with Energy Recovery of Waste: Summary Report', MEL, Birmingham.

Morris, Jeffrey, 1996, 'Recycling versus incineration: an energy conservation analysis', Journal of Hazardous Materials 47, pp277-293

National Society for Clean Air, Brighton, tel. (01273) 878770, email: admin@nsca.org.uk
- website: http://www.nsca.org.uk

'NSCA research project into the Public Acceptability of Incineration: Interim report', September 2000.
'The Public Acceptability of Incineration: Guide for local authorities and developers', 2001
'Municipal solid waste incineration: Health effects, regulation and public communication', 2001.
'Relative impacts of transport emissions in recycling', 2002.
'Comparison of emissions from waste management options', 2002.

Oakdene Hollins, tel. (01296) 423915 / (020) 7402 7110:
'Can Waste be Re-invented?' (report for the Energy from Waste Foundation), December 1999.
'Does the Method of Waste Disposal Explain Recycling Rates in London Boroughs?', February 2000.
'Quantification of Potential Energy from Residuals (EfR) in the UK', commissioned by The Institution of Civil Engineers & The Renewable Power Assocation, http://www.r-p--a.org.uk

Pope, Chris, 2000, 'Wasting no more time' (the benefits of small-scale gasification rather than incinerators for energy from waste), Surveyor, 31.8.00.

Radcliff, Andrew & Edwards-Jones, Gareth, 1995, 'The quality of the environmental assessment process: a case study on clinical waste incineration in the UK', Project Appraisal, 10 (1), March.

RMC UK Environment Report, 2000, free from RMC Group, tel. (01932) 583097, email: environment@rmc.co.uk

Rose, Maureen, 1995, 'MPs fuel the debate over waste incineration policy', Surveyor, 21.7.95.

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1993, 'Incineration of Waste', 17th Report, HMSO, London.

Sambridge, Nick, 1999, 'Sewage Sludge: conditioning, dewatering, thermal drying and incineration', Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management, tel. (01787) 248097.

Smith, Andrea, 2002, 'No smoke without fire', Surveyor, 7.2.02, pp16-18.

Smith, C., 1993, 'Waste, incineration and the environment', Waste Planning, 9, December.

Southworth, Benedict, 1995?, 'Up in Smoke', (Friends of the Earth), Earth Matters.

Sprigg, Graham, 2000, 'Hot to handle?' (RMC group use of industrial incinerators),, (forum for the Future) Green Futures 24, September/October
Surrey County Council & University of Surrey, 1996, 'Comparison of risks from landfill and incinerators of Municipal Solid Wastes', Surrey County Council.

The Scottish Executive, 2005, 'Waste incineration (Scotland) regulations 2003: practical guidance (2nd edition)', at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/37432/0011275.pdf

Thompson, Jerry, 2006, ‘The Health Effects of Waste Incinerators’, British Society for Ecological Medicine, at http://www.ecomed.org.uk/pub_waste.php

Von Santen, A, 1993, 'Incineration: its role in a waste management strategy for the UK', Waste Planning, September.

Weatherhead, Peter, 1994, 'Burning issues in a policy vacuum', Planning Week 2 (14), 7.4.94.

Whiting, Kevin, 1997, 'Light my fire' (alternative incineration technologies), The Waste Manager, October, pp21-23.

World Health Organisation (WHO), Geneva:
'Dioxins & Furans from municipal incinerators - (PCDD PCDF emissions from incinerators for municipal sewage sludge & solid waste - evaluation of human exposure - report on WHO meeting Naples 17-21 March 1986), 1986.

Wyman, V., 1992, 'Waste incinerators: more questions than answers', Surveyor, 12.11.92.

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