LP04. OPEN SPACE, PLAYING FIELDS & LOCAL PLANNING (including SPORT)
(updated: June 16, 2006 )

OFL=Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/library/
* indicates most useful and/or up to date items.

Akehurst, A & Wheway, R, 1982, 'Talking About Play', Humberside Playing Fields Association, Golle & National Playing Fields Association.

Arendt, R.G, 1996, 'Conservation Design for Subdivisions: a practical guide to creating open space networks', Island Press, Washington DC.

Audit Commission, London:
'Managing Cemeteries and Crematoria in a Competitive Environment', 1988.
'Competitive Management of Parks and Green Spaces', HMSO, London. ?
'Public Sports and Recreation Services: Making them fit for the future', June 2006.

Austin, Maureen A & Kaplan, Rachel, 2003, 'Resident Involvement in Natural Resource Management: open space conservation design in practice', Local Environment 8 (2), April, p141, http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/link.asp?id=5MU2QWN5NRCLAMFR

Barker, Roger, 2003, 'Troubled water?' (risks of water features), Surveyor 190 (5276), 24.4.03, pp16-17

Barraclough, David, 2001, 'RTPI supports NPFA's Six Acre Standard', Planning 1436, 14.9.01, p25

Baines, Chris, 2001, 'Sealed over: squeezed dry' (reassessing the role of semi-natural green space), Flooding and planning - conflict and confusion', Town and Country Planning 70 (4), p115

Baker, Lee, '2001, 'New guidance fails to make an impact' (revised PPG17 and the declining supply of playing fields), Planning 1412, 30.3.01.

Barnes, Peter, 2002, 'Leadership with Young People', Russell House Publishing. ISBN 1903 855 071

Barton, Hugh & Tsourou, Catherine, 2000, 'Healthy Urban Living', published on behalf of the World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe by Spon Press, London GF1750.BAR

Bennett, J, 1995, 'Assessing playing pitch requirements at the local level', in Sports Council, 'Planning and provision for sport', Sports Council, London, Facilties factfile 2.

Big Lottery Fund, 2005, 'New Opportunities in PE and Sport: Achievements and Challenges in the First Year', The Big Lottery Fund

Bird, W, 2004, 'Natural Fit - Can Greenspace and Biodiversity Increase Levels of Physical Activity?', Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy, Bedfordshire.

Bjorkild-Chu, P, 1977, 'Childrens' Outdoor Environment. Summary in 'Man-Environment Systems', July/September, pp250-251.

Black Environment Network, 2005, 'Ethnic Communities and Green Spaces: Guidance for Green Space Managers', ?, http://www.ben-network.org.uk

Box, John & Harrison, Carolyn, 'Access is the key to natural spaces in urban places', Planning 1048, 10.12.93.

Bramhill, Paul, 2004, 'A Walk in the park: the case for better investment in parks and green spaces', 'eg' (promoting local sustainable development) (University of Westminster) 11 (1), January/February, p6

CABE Space - see 'Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE)

Cabinet Office Performance and Innovation Unit, 2002, 'Sport project update', http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=6509&heading=e-mail+alert

Central Council for Physical Recreation, 1997, 'A Manifesto for Sports: A sporting future', CCPR, London.

Childrens' Play Council, 2002, 'More the Swings and Roundabouts: Planning for Outdoor Play', National Childrens' Bureau Book Sales, London, tel. (020) 7843 6029.

Chris Blandford Associates, 2006, ‘Harlow Green Infrastructure Plan’, Report produced for an ODPM Steering Group, April, http://www.harlow.gov.uk/gip

Coffin, G & Williams, M, 1989, 'Childrens' Outdoor Play in the Built Environment', The National Childrens' Play and Recreation Unit, London.

Comedia & Demos, ?1995, 'Park Life: Urban Parks and Social Renewal', Comedia & Demos, London.

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) (including CABE Space)
(replaced the Royal Fine Arts Commission in 2000),
16th Floor, The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE11 7NX,
tel. (020) 7960 2400, fax. (020) 7860 2444, email: [email protected]
- website: http://www.cabe.org.uk
CABE & Sport England), 'Better Places for Sport', May 2003, and at http://www.sportengland.org
'The Value of Public Spaces, March 2004, http://www.itsyourspace.org.uk/whydoesitmatter.asp
'Green Space Strategies: A Good Practice Guide', June 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'A Guide to Producing Park and Green Space Management Plans', June 2004, and at http://www/cabespace.org.uk
'Is the Grass Greener...? Learning from International Innovations in Green Space Management', July 2004, http://www.cabespace.org.uk/publications
'What would you do with this space?', 2004.
'CABE policy position paper on 'Environmental sustainability and the built environment' , November 2004, http://www.cabe.org.uk/policy/reports.html
'Being Involved in School Design', November 2004, http://www.cab-education.org.uk
'Preventing Anti-Social Behaviour in Public Places', November 2004, http://www.cabe-space.org.uk
'A child's place: Why environment matters to children', 2004,http://www.green-alliance.org.uk/AChildsPlace_pdf_media_public.aspx
'Start with the Park', July 2005, http://www.cabe.org.uk/data/pdfs/Start_with_the_Park.pdf
'Involving Young People in the Design and Care of Urban Spaces', May 2005, http://www.cabespace.org.uk/publications
'Does Money Grow on Trees?', ?

Community Development Foundation (CDF), 60 Highbury Grove London N5 2AG,
tel. (020) 7226 5375, fax. (020) 7704 0313, email: [email protected]
- website: http://www.cdf.org.uk
'Changing where we live: A guide to working with communities to create green and sustainable communities', ?2004, ISBN: 1 901974 48 0

Dattner, R, 1969, 'Design for Play', Van Nostrand Rheinhold.

Davies, Elsa, 1999, 'A Time to Play' (on the work of the National Playing Fields Association), Public Service and Local Government, January.

Davies, R & Heseltine, P, 2000, 'A guide to the European playground equipment and surfacing standards', Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA), Birmingham.

Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), London
(took over planning and housing etc. functions from the Offfice of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) in May 2006:
- website: http://www.communities.gov.uk/
'Green and Public Space Research: Mapping exercise - Summary report', June 2006.
'Green and Public Space Research: Mapping exercise - Full report', June 2006.

Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), London:
- website: http://www.dcms.gov.uk
'A sporting future for all', 2000.
'Planning for Play: Playing fields and positive gains for sport 2001-02', July 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=16019&heading=e-mail+alert

Department for Education and Employment (DfEE):
'Area guidelines for schools' (Building Bulletin 82), HMSO, London, 1996. ISBN 0 11 270921 4
'Circular 3/99: The Protection of School Playing Fields', June 1999.
'Statutory Instrument No. 2: The Education (School Premises) Regulations 1999.

Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) (June 2001-May 2002)
- website: http://www.dtlr.gov.uk
'Planning Policy Guidance Note 13: Transport', TSO, March 2001.
'Promoting Sport in the Community', December 2001, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=4419&heading=e-mail+alert

Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), London
- DCMS publications from tel. (020) 7211 6200:
- website: http://www.culture.gov.uk:
'A Report to the Social Exclusion Unit - Arts and Sport', commissioned by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) from Policy Action Team 10, and available from Joanna Carpenter at the DCMS Strategy Unit, July 1999.
'Building on PAT10: Department of Culture, Media and Sport Report on Social Inclusion', March 2001, and at http://www.culture.gov.uk/role/pat10.html
'Making it Count: the Contribution of Culture and Sport to Social Inclusion', July 2002.'Playing Field Statistics', July 2002, http://www.culture.gov.uk/sport/index.html
'Count Me In: Research project on social inclusion through culture and sport', December 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=13416&heading=e-mail+alert
'Consultation On Children's Play Review', December 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=13514&heading=e-mail+alert
'The Game: The Government's Sports Strategy', January 2003, and at http://www.culture.gov.uk
'The Government's Plan for Sport: Second annual report: April 2003', April 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14941&heading=e-mail+alert
'Getting Serious About Play: A review of children's play', January 2004,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=18395&heading=e-mail+alert
'Parks Need Parkforce', September 2005.

Department of Education and Science, 1991, 'Sport and Recreation', HMSO, London.

Department of the Environment (DOE) (former; from June 1997 to June 2001 part of the
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions; DETR):
'Children at Play', Design Bulletin 27, HMSO, London.
'Planning Policy Guidance Note 11: Regional Planning', TSO, October 2000.
Planning Policy Guidance Note 17, 'Sport and Recreation', HMSO, London, 1991 (revised version published by DETR in March 2001).
'Greening the City: A Good Practice Guide', HMSO, November 1996. (OFL)

Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) (1997-2001)
- website: http://www.detr.gov.uk
NB: DETR replaced from June 2001 to May 2002 by the Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR)
'The effectiveness of planning policy guidance on sport and recreation', 1998. ISBN 1 85112 092 0.
'Town and Country Planning (Playing Fields) (England) Direction 1998', DETR Circular 9/98, TSO, December 1998.
*'Planning Policy Guidance Note 3: Housing' (revised version), March 2000, DETR Free Literature, PO Box 236, Wetherby, LS23 7NB on the DETR website.
'Demolition of Sports Facilities' (Consultation Paper), July 2000.
Planning Policy Guidance 17: Draft Revised Planning Policy Guidance Note on Sport, Open Space and Recreation (PPG 17): for Public Consultation, March 2001, http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/consult/ppg17revised/index.htm
'Rethinking Open Space', TSO, tel. (0970) 606 5566, March 2001.
'The Effectiveness of Planning Policy Guidance on Sport and Recreation', May 2001, http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/eppgsr/index.htm
'Planning for leisure and tourism', May 2001, and see http://www.planning.detr.gov.uk/prp/lupr/pubsgpg/newpubs.htm

Dunnett, C; Swanwick, C & Woolley, M, 2002, 'Improving Urban Parks, Play Areas and Open Spaces', Urban Research Report, (former) Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions, London & Federation of City Farms and Community Gardens, Bristol & c.f. http://www.farmgarden.org.uk

Early, D, 1994, 'The National Playing Fields Association', Planning Practice and Research 9 (1), pp71-77.

Ebert, Ralf, 1995, 'Urban Parks in Germany', Comedia, the Round, Bournes Green, Stroud, Gloucfestershire GL6 7NL

Elson, Martin & Payne, D., 1993, 'Planning Obligations for Sport and Recreation: A Guide for Negotiation and Action', ESC Publications
Elson, Martin, 2001, 'DTLR must make sport facilities a top priority' (discussion of the draft revision of PPG17), Planning 1441, 19.10.01, p9

English Sports Council - see also 'Sports Council':
(ESC/CCPR/National Playing Fields Association), 'The Playing Pitch Strategy', 1991.
'Factfile 2: Planning and Provision for Sport', 1994.
'Planning Obligations for Sport and Recreation', Factfile 2: Planning and Provision for Sport', 1994.
'Assessing Playing Pitch Requirements at the Local Level' (Factfile 2: Planning and Provision for Sport), 1995.
'Playing Fields for Sport', May 1996.
'A Sporting Future for the Playing Fields of England: Policy on applications for development on playing fields', 1997.
'Playing Fields for Sport', ESC Planning Bulletin no. 1', July 1997.

Environ, 1996, 'Open Spaces', Environ, Leicester.

Evans, Nick, 2000, 'Budding stars need a level playing field now' (continuining loss of sports grounds to development), Planning 1381, 11.8.00.

Feature, 2001, 'Institute finds in consistencies in revised PPG17 on sport' (RTPI comments), Planning 1438, 28.9.01, p22.

Finney, Nissa; Rishbeth, Clare, 2006, ‘Engaging with Marginalised Groups in Public Open Space Research: The Potential of Collaboration and Combined Methods’, Planning Theory and Practice 7 (1), March, p27, http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=L22730624516885T

Freeman, Clare & Riordan, Tamara, 2002, 'Locating Skateparks: The Planner's Dilemma', Planning Practice and Research, 17 (3), August, p297, http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/link.asp?id=XY8XFLX0G4WTE48Q

Green Space, Reading, tel. (0118) 946 9060:
-website: http://www.green-space.org.uk
'The GreenSpaces Annual Report', September 2003, http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Claiming your share: a guide to external funding for parks and green spaces for parks and green spaces community groups', 2004. ISBN 0954266331
'Great Parks: Great Cities: London 2004 Conference Report', September 2004, and at http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Making the Links: Greenspace and the Partnership Agreement', Greenspace Scotland, Communities Scotland, NHS Health Scotland & Scottish National Heritage, September 2004, and available from email: i[email protected]
'Saving open space', November 2004.
'Making a Difference: How to Set up and Maintain a Community Group', April 2004, and at http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Engaging Communities' ?, http://www.green-space.org.uk
'Raising the Standard - the Green flag Award Guidance Manual', ?

Greenspace Scotland, 2005, 'Making the Links - Greenspace and Quality of Life', Greenspace Scotland,
http://www.greenspacescotland.org.uk/TechReport

Griffiths, Ben, 1998, 'Grave crisis looms (cemetery provision), Planning 1257, 27.2.98.

Groundwork UK, Birmingham, tel. (0121) 236 8565.
- website: http://www.groundwork.org.uk
'No Particular Place to Go? Children, Young People and Public Space', 2003..
‘Play, participation, potential: Putting young people at the heart of communities’, 2006,
http://www.groundwork.org.uk/policy/reports/051122-play-participation-potential.pdf

Harrison, Carolyn, et al., 1995, 'Accessible Natural Greenspace in Towns and Cities - A Review of Appropriate Size and Distance Criteria', English Nature, Peterborough.

Hart, R, 1979, 'Childrens' Experience of Place', Irvington, New York.

Hendricks, Barbara E, 2001, 'Designing for Play', Design and Built Environment Series, Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire, ISBN 0 7546 1320 8.

Holme, A & Massie, P, 1970, 'Childrens' Play. A Study of Needs and Opportunities', Michael Joseph.

House of Commons, 2004, 'The Royal Parks: an executive agency', House of Commons Papers, 2003-04. Paper number: HC 485. TSO, London, April 2004, ISBN: 0-10-292764-2, http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/nao_reports/03-04/0304485.pdf

Improvement and Development Agency (IDEA), London, tel. (020) 7296 6600:
- website: http://www.idea-knowledge.gov.uk
'The value of parks and open spaces', 2001, ISBN 1840492589.
'Public space legislation', 2004.

Institute for Public Policy Research, 2003, 'Trust in Football', Institute for Public Policy Research, London, http://www.ippr.org.uk

Johnston, Bryan, 2000, 'Fight to have playing field proposal ruled as offside', Planning 1366, 28.4.00.

Jones, Graham, 1995, 'Sport and recreation advice up for review', Planning 1116, 28.4.95.
Jones, Graham, 1998, 'Coping with change of sports field rule', Planning 1253, 30.1.98.
Jones, Graham, 1999, 'Surveying the field' (assessing the demand for playing fields), Planning 1314, 23.4.99.
Jones, Graham, 2002, 'Time to give sport a chance' (meeting the demand for informal leisure opportunities), Planning 1466, 26.4.02, p8

Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989, 'The Experience of Nature: a psychological perspective', Cambridge University Press, New York.

Kellert & Wilson, 1993, 'The Biophilia Hypothesis', Island Press, Washington DC.

Kirby, M, 1992, 'Council scores with inspector on open space policy', Planning 997, p16.

Kitson, Laura, 2006, 'Green spaces widen growth area purpose' (green infrastructure in the Milton Keynes/South Midlands growth area), Planning 1672, 9.6.06, p14

Lambert, David,19??, 'Public Prospects: Historic Urban Parks Under Threat', ?

Lavery, Catherine, 1999, 'Little Voices' (involving children and young people in the planning and play and leisure services), Public Service and Local Government, April.

LDR/HLN Consultancy, 1988, 'Pedestrian Movement and Open Space Framework', City of Birmingham, Birmingham.

Lewis, Mandy, 1999, 'Children Take Control' (involving children in development decisions about their own play areas), Public Service and Local Government, April.

Llewelyn Davies Planning, 1992, 'Open Space Planning in London', London Planning Advisory Commission (former), Romford.

Local Government Association (LGA) publications available from the
LGA, Local Government House, Smith Square, London SW1P 3HZ, tel. (020) 7834 2222
- website: http://www.lga.gov.uk :
'The Value of Parks and Open Spaces', 'Improvement and Development Agency, London, tel. (020) 7296 6600, September 2001
'Realising the Potential of Cultural Services Research Briefing 12 Point Three: The Case for Sport', November 2001.
'Realising the Potential of Cultural Services Research Briefing 12 Point Five: The Case for Urban Parks, Open Spaces and the Countryside', November 2001.
'Realising the Potential of Cultural Services Research Briefing 12 Point Six: The Case for Play', November 2001.
'Promoting racial equality through sport', 2004, http://www.lga.gov.uk/Documents/Publication/equalities%28web&29.pdf

London Assembly Environment Committee,
'Crazy Paving', September 2005, http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/environment/frontgardens.pdf
 ‘Offside: The loss of London’s Playing Fields’, June 2006, http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/environment/playing-fields.pdf

London Boroughs Association, 1995, 'Watch this Space?,' (non recreational forms of open space), LBA (former), London.

London Planning Advisory Committee (LPAC), 1992, 'Open Space Planning in London', LPAC (former), Romford, Essex.

Lowe, Andrew, 1996, 'A sporting chance for open space', Planning Week 4 (30), 25.1.96.

Lutley, Wendy, 1992, 'Making Space,' Open Spaces Society, 25a Bell St., Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, RG9 2BA.

Matthews, M.H, 1992, 'Making Sense of Place: Childrens' understanding of large-scale environments', Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Heampstead.

Mayor of London:
'Making London better for all children and young people', 2004, http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/children/index.jsp
'Guide to Preparing Play Strategies', 2005, http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/strategies/play/docs/play_strategy.pdf

McClellan, J, 1968, 'The Question of Play', Pergamon, Oxford.

McKendrick, John H., 1999, 'Playgrounds in the Built Environment: Special Issue', Built Environment 25 (1).

Metropolitan Planning Officers Society, 1993, 'Urban Greenspace Study,' available from MPOS c/o Oldham, Metropolitan Borough Council, Greater Manchester.

Millward, Alison & Wheway, Rob, 1997, 'Child's Play: facilitating child's play on housing estates', Chartered Institute of Housing, Coventry.
Millward, Alison, 'Seen - but not yet heard', (planning and provision for childrens' play on housing estates), Town and Country Planning 67 (11), December 1998.
Millward, Alison, 1999, 'Seen But Not Yet Heard: childrens play' on housing estates', Paper presented to the 1999 Town and Country Planning Summer School, available at http://www.planningsummerschool.com/

Moore, R & Young, D, 1978, 'Childhood Outdoors: Toward a Social Ecology of Landscape', in I. Altman & N.F., Wohlwill (eds), 'Children and the Environment, Vol. 3, Human Behavior and Environment', Plenum , New York, pp83-130.

Moore, R, 1986, 'Childhood's Domain', Croom Helm, London.

Morgan, Gillian, 1991, 'A strategic approach to the planning and management of parks and open space,' Information Unit, Institute of Leisure Management House, ILAM House, Lower Basildon, Essex.

Morphet, Janice, 1990, 'Urban Open Space - from Space to Place', 1990 Town and Country Planning Summer School Proceedings, The Planner 70 (49), 14.12.90.
Morphet, Janice, 1994, 'Open Space and the Future of Urban Planning,' Comedia, The Road, Bournes Green, Stroud, Gloucestershire, GL6 7NL.

National Childrens' Bureau, 2002, 'More than Swings and Roundabouts: Planning for Outdoor Play', NCB, London, tel. (020) 7843 6029.

National Playing Fields Association (NPFA), London:
'The State of Play', 1990.
'Playground Management and Safety', 2001.
'The Six Acre Standard: Minmum Standards for Outdoor Playing Space', 1992.
'NPFA 'Six Acre Standard' Consultation', May 2006, http://www.npfa.co.uk/content/sixacre/index.html.

Naylor, H, 1985, 'Outdoor Play and Play Equipment', Early Child Development and Care 19 (1), pp109-130.

Neighbourhoods Green
‘Areas of opportunity: a review of local green space policy and guidance in a social housing context’, 2005, http://www.neighboruhoodsgreen.org.ng/news/neighbourhoodsGreenPolicyReview.pdf

New Deal for Communities, 2005, 'Delivering Play Spaces in NDC Areas', ?, http://ndcevaluation.adc.shu.ac.uk/ndcevaluation/reports.asp

Nicol, C & Blake, R, 2000, 'Classification and Use of open space in the context of increasing urban capacity', Planning Practice and Research, 15 (3), pp193-210.

Northern Ireland Planning Service
(formerly the Northern Ireland Office Planning Service)
Planning Policy Statements:
PPS2. Planning and Nature Conservation.
PPS7. Quality Residential Environments' (issued for consultation)
PPS8. Open Space, Sport, Recreation, Leisure and Community Facilities', (issued for consultation)
Development Control Advice Notes (DCAN) available from
Clarence Court, 10-18 Adelaide Street, Belfast, BT2 8GB:
DCAN11a. Nature Conservation and Planning.
DCAN13. Creches, Day Nurseries and Pre-School Playgroups.

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister: http://www.odpm.gov.uk/
(in May 2002 took over responsibilities for planning from the
Department for Transport, Local Government & the Regions (DTLR) (June 2001-May 2002);
- replaced in May 2006 by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG)
*'Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) 17: Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation', July 2002, http://www.planning.odpm.gov.uk/ppg/ppg17/index.htm
'Assessing needs and opportunities: A companion guide to PPG17', 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=12118&heading=e-mail+alert
'Sustainable communities: building for the future', February 2003, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/communities/plan/main/index.htm
'Developing Accessible Play Space', (based on research carried out by Karen Dunn, Michele Moore & Pippa Murray at Inclusion, Childhood and Education Ltd (ICE)), November 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=17474&heading=e-mail+alert
'Creating Sustainable Communities: Greening the Gateway - A greenspace strategy for Thames Gateway', January 2004,
http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=18286&heading=e-mail+alert
'Research on Developing Accessible Play Space: Summary number 14', January 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=18383&heading=e-mail+alert
'Research on Developing Accessible Play Space: Final report', January 2004, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=18382&heading=e-mail+alert
'How To Improve Residential Areas', July 2005, http://www.cleanersafergreener.gov.uk/html/section5/5b.html
'How To Create Quality Parks and Open Spaces', July 2005, http://www.cleanersafergreener.gov.uk/html/section5/5b.html
'Developing Accessible Play Space - A Good Practice Guide', ?
'Living Places: Caring for Quality - Good Practice Guidance', ?, http://www.odpm.gov.uk/cleanersafergreener

Open Spaces Society, 1991, 'Spaces Between' (on Urban Open Space Protection), Open Spaces Society, Henley-on-Thames, or Inner Cities Unit, NCVO, London.

Owens, P.E, 1988, 'Cultural Landscapes, Gathering Places and Prospect Refuges: Characteristics of outdoor places valued by teens', Chilldrens' Environments Quarterly 5 (2), pp17-24.

Parkinson, C.E, 1985, 'Where Children Play', Association for Childrens' Play and Recreatoin and Carrick James Market Research, PlayBoard, Birmingham.

Pearce, Barry, 2004, 'A 'third' Cambridge Phenomenon' (not to profit sector initiatives to address Cambridge's open space deficiencies), Town and Country Planning 73 (3), March, pp92-97

Percy, Richard, 2001, 'Sports policy revision is heavy on the detail', (draft revision of PPG17), Planning, 11.5.01, p20.

Piaget, J, 1951, 'Play Dreams and Imitation in Childhood', Heinemann.

Potts, Gareth, 2002, 'Community Goals' (the involvement of professional football clubs and their local communities), Regeneration & Renewal, 28.6.02, pp16-17.

Project for Public Spaces, Inc - publications available in the UK from Eco Distribution, tel. (01509) 890068:
'How to turn a place round: A handbook for creating successful public spaces', ?2001
'Public parks, private partners', 2001

Ravenscroft, 199?, 'Recreation Planning and Development', ?

Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP)
- reports available from The Stationery Office, tel. (0870) 600 5522.
- website: http://www.rcep.org.uk :
Twenty-third Report: Environmental Planning', Cm 5459, TSO, April 2002, http://www.rcep.org.uk/epreport.html (Documents Division Cm 5459)

Royal Society for Protection of Birds, 2003, 'Green Space and Physical Activity Promotion', RSPB, Sandy, Bedfordshire

Royal Town Planning Institute, 2005, 'Planning for Delivery: Let's Push Things Forward', RTPI, London, March,
http://www.rtpi.org.uk/resources/policy-statements/manifesto.pdf

Savills Residential Research, 2006, 'The impact of nearby open space on property prices' (?exact title), Savills Residential Research, London, June

Sibley, P,. ?, 'The Sustainable Management of Greenspace', Institute of Leisure and Amenity Management, London.

Smith, Rob, 2000. 'Do football clubs get favoured treatment?' (implications of the approval of green belt developments by Sunderland, Aresenal and Manchester United for planning policy), Planning 1358, 3.2.00.

Smulian, Mark, 2005, 'Green panning finds focus', (open space and the communities plan), Planning 1604, 28.1.05, p21

Sports Council: see also 'English Sports Council', London:
(Sports Council, Central Council of Physical Recreation, National Playing Fields Association), 'The Playing Pitch Strategy' 1991.

Sport England, 3rd Floor, Victoria House, Bloomsbury Square, London WC1B 4SE
tel. (020) 7273 1500, fax. (020) 7383 5740,
- Sport England Publications, tel. (0870) 5210 255
- website: http://www.sportengland.org
'Guidance Note: Floodlighting', 1994.
'Guidance Note: Multi-Use Games Areas', 1994.
'Planning Obligations for Sport', Planning Bulletin Issue 4, ESC, 1999.
'Planning policies for sport: a land use planning policy statement on behalf of sport', 1999.
'Investing for our sporting strategy', May 1999.
'General Household Survey: Participation in sport in Great Britain 1987-96, Sport England / UK Sport, 1999.
'General Household Survey: Participation in sport in Great Britain 1996', Sport England / UK Sport, 1999.
SE 2000-:
'Providing for Sport and Recreation in New Development', April 2001, and at http://www.sportengland.org/whatwedo/places/sport_develop.htm
'Providing for Sport and Recreation in New Development', April 2001.
Planning Bulletin 1: Playing Fields, ?
Planning Bulletin 2: Strategic Planning for Sport', ?
Planning Bulletin 3: Intensive Use Sports Facilties', ?
Planning Bulletin 4: Planning Obligations for Sport', ?
Planning Bulletin 5: Sport in the Urban Fringe, ?
Planning Bulletin 6: Land-Based Motor Sports', ?
Planning Bulletin 7; Stadia, Football Academies and Centres of Excellence', ?
Planning Bulletin 8: Playing Fields for Sport Revisited', ?
Planning Bulletin 9: Planning for Water Sports', ?
Planning Bulletin 10: Sport and Regeneration', ?
Planning Bulletin 11: Commercial Sports Provision', January 2002.
'Participation in sport: past trends and future prospects', 2002.
'Sport Action Zones: Report on lessons learnt', 2002, http://www.sportengland.org/active_communities/acf/pdf/SAZ%20Public%20Report-lessons%20learnt.pdf
'Planning bulletin 12: Planning for Open Space', September 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=12288&heading=e-mail+alert
'Women's Participation in Sport Factsheet', September 2002, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=12289&heading=e-mail+alert
SE 2003-:
'Towards a Level Playing Field', February 2003, http://www.sportengland.org/whatwedo/places/pitch_strategy.htm
'Young People and Sport in England: Trends in participation 1994-2002', February 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14296&heading=e-mail+alert
'Young People and Sport National Survey 2002: Headline findings', February 2003, http://www.info4local.gov.uk/searchreport.asp?id=14295&heading=e-mail+alert
Planning Bulletin 13: Sport in the Green Belt', March 2003, and at http://www.sportengland.org
'Towards a Level Playing Field' (revised playing pitch methodology), May 2003.
'Use of Public Parks in England 2003', (based on research carried out by the Countryside Agency & English Heritage), August 2003
'Guidance on Long-Term Recreational Land Protection', Sport England & the National Playing Fields Associationb, tel. (0870) 521 0255, November 2003.
Planning Bulletin 14: Intensive Use Sports Facilities Revisited', November 2003.
(Sport England/Sports & Play Construction Association), 'A guide to the Design, Speficiation and Construction of Multi-Use Games Areas (MUGAs) including Multi-Sports Synthetic Turf Pitches (STPs), Part 1,2,3, 2003.
'Sport and physical activity in second generation local public service agreements: Guidance notes', 2005, http://www.sportengland.org/16327_guidance_exec_summ.pdf
'Sport England: Funding case studies', September 2005.
'Sport Playing Its Part', September 2005.

Sport Industry Research Centre, 2001, 'Sport market forecasts 2001-2005', Sport Industry Research Centre, Sheffield

Storey, K, 1991, 'The safety of public open space - three arguments for design', Landscape Architectural Review, July, pp13-15.

The Childrens' Play Council, 2002, 'More than Swings and Roundabouts: Planning for outdoor play', available throughg NCB Book Slaes, London, tel. (020) 7843 6029.

The Countryside Agency, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire:
- website: http://www.countryside.gov.uk/
'The Green Spaces Review', August 2004.
'Opening Green Doors Evaluation', June 2006, http://www.countryside.gov.uk/WhoWeAreAndWhatWeDo/doorstep_greens.asp

The Scottish Executive, Edinburgh
- website: http://www.scotland.gov.uk
'Rethinking Open Spaces: Open Space Provision and Management: A Way Forward', March 2001, Development Department Research Findings no. 108, and at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/cru/resfinds/drf108-00.asp
'Planning Advice Note 65: Planning and open space', February 2003.

The Woodland Trust, Grantham, tel. (01476) 581111:
- website: http://www.woodland-trust.org.uk
'Space for People', November 2004, http://www.woodland-trust.org.uk/publications/publicationsmore/spaceforpeople...

The Scottish Office National Planning Policy Guidelines, available from TSO, Edinburgh:
NPPG 11, 'Sport, Physical Recreation and Open Space', 1996.

Thomas, Gillian & Thompson, guy, 2004, 'A Child's Place', Demos & Green Alliance, http://www.demos.co.uk/catalogue/achildspacebook

Tibbatts, David, 2004, 'Making a difference', Green Space. ISBN 0 9542663 4 X, http://www.green-space.org.uk

Tibbetts, John, 1998, ‘Open Space Conservation: Investing in Your Community’s Economic Health’, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy', Cambridge, Massachusetts, http://www.lincolninst.edu ISBN 1 55844 131 X

Tiffin, Richard, 1995, 'Planning for pleasure needs taking seriously', Planning 1143, 3.11.95.

Titman, W, 1994, 'Special places: special people. The hidden curriculum of school grounds', WWF, Godalming / Learning Through Landscapes.

Valentine, Gill, 2004, 'Public Space and the Culture of Childhood', Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire, ISBN 0 7546 4254 2

van Andel, 1990, 'Places children like, dislike, and fear', Childrens' Environments Quarterly 7 (5), pp24-31.

Wheway, Rob & Millward, Alison, 1997, 'Child's Play: Facilitating Play on Housing Estates', Chartered Institute of Housing, Coventry.

Wilkinson, P.F, 1985, 'The golden fleece: the search for standards', Leisure Studies 4, pp189-203.

Williams, Stephen, 19??, 'Outdoor Recreation and the Urban Environment', ?

Willis, Ben, 2005, 'Building Better Green Spaces', Regeneration & Renewal, 27.5.05, pp20-21

Winkley, Rob, 2002, 'Open space audits beckon', (discussion of the revised PPG17), Planning 1482, 16.8.02, p9

Wood, Chris, 1996, 'Making the most out of green spaces', The Urban Street Environment, March.

Worpole, Ken, 2003, 'No particular place to go', Groundwork UK, Birmingham, tel. (0121) 236 8565, http://www.groundwork.org.uk